being defeated unsparingly, they do not perceive the divine nemesis. But the Romans of old, not acting in this way, achieved those fearful and celebrated victories, but by laying claim to virtue and 161 justice and love and truth, and simply pursuing everything fine and good, as far as was possible; for which reason the divine was also present with them, and they overcame their opponents in every way. But when the Caesar entered, the emperor thought he had accomplished everything, but he was vexed by the failure to capture Roussel; for he considered the loss of his kinsmen and the theft of his authority and the slaughter of Christians and the plundering of villages and the devastation and upheaval of the countryside to be of secondary importance. But Roussel, having departed from the fortress of Metabole with the remaining Frankish soldiers and his wife and children and his belongings, was marching fearlessly through the middle of the country, and having occupied the theme of the Armeniacs, he was restored to his former castles, and from there, by making raids against the Turks, he kept them from their attacks against that theme. But the emperor, hearing these things, considered it more advantageous for the Turks to hold Roman territory than for Roussel to be contained in one place, being goaded and roused to this by Nikephoros. He therefore sends one of the nobles, young in age, but active and otherwise prudent, the proedros Alexios Komnenos, who, having arrived in the city of Amaseia, was awaiting what was to come. But Roussel, having made treaties and friendship with the ruler of the Turks, met with them, stripped of soldiers, as if he were already an acquaintance and familiar. And one day, while dining with them, he is captured and made a prisoner; for deceiving the Romans under oath is a reputable and unaudited practice among the Turks. The proedros Alexios, having bought him for a great deal of money, brings him to the emperor as a prisoner. Therefore the emperor, having handed him over to the torturers, tormented him with incurable scourges with ox-hide whips like some runaway slave, and having shut him up in one of the gloomiest towers, kept him neglected, bound in chains. 162 But the logothete, having great power with the emperor, as has been said, leading and carrying all things wherever he wished, having requested the monastery of the Hebdomon as a gift, hastened to assign to it all its properties and nearly everything the sun looks upon and to enlarge it with abundant revenues, planning from villainy to appropriate the emperor and to profit greatly from his stupidity and in the name of the monastery to acquire extraordinary wealth. And being most resourceful in wickedness, if anyone ever was, and for the sake of profit abstaining from no infamous name, he set up a fundax and a monopoly in Rhaidestos, having forbidden and shut out all the sellers, and he devised only the imperial market, on account of which he also brought about a very great famine and the most inhuman of any ever remembered, so that it became a surname for the emperor, and by this he was known to posterity rather than by his paternal or ancestral name. For if one said "Michael," unless he also added "Parapinakes," he would not quickly make known the person being referred to, because at that time the modios was being sold for a nomisma less a pinakion.
In the third year of his reign, the 11th indiction, the nation of the Serbs, whom they also call Croats, came out to subjugate Bulgaria. And taking up the manner from the beginning, I shall relate it. For when the emperor Basil subjugated Bulgaria, not wishing to innovate any of their customs, but having decreed that their affairs be conducted under their own rulers and laws, just as it was under Samuel, who became their leader, indeed the nation had already been disturbed before, not bearing the greed of the orphanotrophos, when they acclaimed Dele 163 anos as their king, concerning which things it has been shown in detail above,
ἡττώμενοι ἀφειδῶς αἴσθησιν οὐ λαμβάνουσι τῆς τοῦ θείου νεμέσεως. Οἱ δὲ πάλαι Ῥωμαῖοι οὐχ οὕτω ποιοῦντες τὰς φοβερὰς ἐκείνας καὶ ᾀδομένας στρατηγίας κατώρθουν, ἀρετῆς δὲ καὶ 161 δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ ἀληθείας ἀντιποιούμενοι καὶ ἁπλῶς πᾶν καλὸν καὶ ἀγαθόν, ὡς δυνατόν, μετερχόμενοι· διὸ καὶ τὸ θεῖον συμπαρῆν αὐτοῖς, καὶ παντὶ τρόπῳ τοὺς ἐναντίους κατηγωνίζοντο. Εἰσελθόντος δὲ τοῦ καίσαρος ἔδοξε μὲν ὁ κρατῶν ἠνυκέναι τὸ πᾶν, ἠνιᾶτο δὲ τῇ τοῦ Ῥουσελίου ἀστοχίᾳ· τὴν γὰρ τῶν ὁμογενῶν ἀπώλειαν καὶ τὴν ὑφαίρεσιν τῆς ἀρχῆς καὶ τὸ σφάττεσθαι τοὺς χριστιανοὺς καὶ δῃοῦσθαι τὰς κώμας καὶ τὰς χώρας ἀφανίζεσθαι καὶ ἀναστατοῦσθαι ἐν δευτέρῳ ἐτίθετο. Ὁ δέ γε Ῥουσέλιος ἄρας ἐκ τοῦ τῆς Μεταβολῆς φρουρίου μετὰ τῶν ὑπολελειμμένων Φράγκων στρατιωτῶν καὶ τῆς συνεύνου καὶ τῶν παίδων καὶ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὑτῷ διὰ μέσης τῆς χώρας ἀτρέστως ἐβάδιζε, καὶ τὸ θέμα τῶν Ἀρμενιακῶν καταλαβὼν τοῖς προτέροις αὑτοῦ κάστροις ἀποκατέστη, κἀκεῖθεν ἐκδρομὰς κατὰ τῶν Τούρκων ποιούμενος ἀπεῖρξεν αὐτοὺς τῶν κατὰ τοῦ τοιούτου θέματος ἐφόδων. Ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἐνωτιζόμενος ταῦτα μᾶλλον ἐνόμιζε συμφέρον τοὺς Τούρκους ἔχειν τὰ Ῥωμαίων ἢ τὸν Ῥουσέλιον χωρεῖσθαι ἐν τόπῳ ἑνί, παρὰ τοῦ Νικηφόρου πρὸς τοῦτο νυττόμενος καὶ διεγειρόμενος. Στέλλει τοίνυν τινὰ τῶν εὐπατριδῶν, τὴν μὲν ἡλικίαν νέον, δραστήριον δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ἐχέφρονα, τὸν πρόεδρον Ἀλέξιον τὸν Κομνηνόν, ὃς ἐν τῷ ἄστει τῆς Ἀμασείας γενόμενος ἐκαραδόκει τὸ μέλλον. Ὁ δὲ Ῥουσέλιος συνθήκας καὶ φιλίας μετὰ τοῦ τῶν Τούρκων ἐξάρχοντος θέμενος συνῆλθε τούτοις ἐψιλωμένος στρατιωτῶν ὡς ἤδη συνήθης καὶ ἐθάς. Ἐν μιᾷ δὲ συνδειπνῶν αὐτοῖς ἁλίσκεται καὶ δεσμώτης ἀποδείκνυται· ἀπατᾶν γὰρ Ῥωμαίους ἐνωμότως παρὰ τοῖς Τούρκοις καὶ λόγος ἐνδόσιμος καὶ ἀλογοθέτητος. Τοῦτον χρημάτων πολλῶν ὁ πρόεδρος Ἀλέξιος ὠνησάμενος εἰς βασιλέα ἀπάγει δέσμιον. Παραδοὺς οὖν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῖς βασανισταῖς ξεσμοῖς ἀνηκέστοις διὰ βουνεύρων ὥς τινα δοῦλον δραπέτην ᾐκίσατο, καὶ εἰς ἕνα τῶν ζοφωδεστάτων ἐγκλείσας πύργων ἀτημέλητον εἶχεν ἁλύσεσι δέσμιον. 162 Ὁ δὲ λογοθέτης μεγάλα δυνάμενος, ὡς εἴρηται, παρὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ, ἄγων τε καὶ φέρων τὰ πάντα οὗπερ ἐβούλετο, τὴν τοῦ Ἑβδόμου μονὴν διὰ δωρεᾶς ἐξαιτησάμενος πάντα τὰ κτήματα καὶ πᾶσαν σχεδὸν ὅσην ὁ ἥλιος ἐφορᾷ ἔσπευδε προσκυρῶσαι αὐτῇ καὶ προσόδοις ἀφθόνοις ἐμπλατῦναι, σκεπτόμενος ἐκ μοχθηρίας οἰκειοῦσθαι τὸν βασιλέα καὶ παρακερδαίνειν τὰ μέγιστα τῆς ἀβελτηρίας αὐτοῦ καὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τῆς μονῆς πλοῦτον ἐπικτᾶσθαι ὑπερφυῆ. Ποριμώτατος δὲ ὢν εἰς κακίαν, εἴπερ τις ἕτερος, καὶ τοῦ κερδαλέου χάριν μηδενὸς δυσφήμου ὀνόματος ἀπεχόμενος φούνδακα ἐν τῇ Ῥαιδεστῷ καὶ μονοπώλιον συνεστήσατο, κωλύσας καὶ ἀπείρξας τοὺς πωλοῦντας ἅπαντας, τὸ βασιλικὸν δὲ μόνον πρατήριον ἐμηχανήσατο, παρ' ὃ καὶ λιμὸν ἐπραγματεύσατο μέγιστον καὶ τῶν πώποτε μνημονευομένων ἀπανθρωπότατον, ὡς καὶ τῷ βασιλεῖ ἀντ' ἐπωνυμίας γενέσθαι αὐτὸν καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου μᾶλλον καὶ μὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρῴου ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ προγονικοῦ γινώσκεσθαι τοῖς μετέπειτα. Τὸν γὰρ Μιχαὴλ εἰπών τις, εἰ μὴ προσθείη καὶ τὸν Παραπινάκιον, οὐκ ἂν θεῖτο συντόμως γνώριμον τὸν δηλούμενον, διὰ τὸ τηνικαῦτα τὸν μόδιον παρὰ πινάκιον πιπράσκεσθαι τοῦ νομίσματος.
Τῷ δὲ τρίτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ, ἰνδικτιῶνος ιαʹ, τὸ τῶν Σέρβων ἔθνος, οὓς δὴ καὶ Χροβάτους καλοῦσι, τὴν Βουλγαρίαν ἐξῆλθε καταδουλωσόμενον. Τὸν δὲ τρόπον ἄνωθεν ἀναλαβὼν διηγήσομαι. Βασιλείου γὰρ τοῦ βασιλέως, ὁπηνίκα τὴν Βουλγαρίαν ὑπηγάγετο, μὴ θελήσαντός τι νεοχμῶσαι τῶν ἐθίμων αὐτούς, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ τοῖς σφετέροις ἄρχουσί τε καὶ ἔθεσι τὰ καθ' αὑτοὺς ὁρίσαντος διεξάγεσθαι, καθώς που καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Σαμουήλ, ὃς αὐτῶν ἀρχηγὸς ἐγένετο, ἤδη μὲν οὖν καὶ πρότερον τὸ ἔθνος τετάρακτο τὴν ἀπληστίαν μὴ φέρον τοῦ ὀρφανοτρόφου, ὅτε τὸν ∆ελεά 163 νον ἑαυτῶν βασιλέα ἐπευφήμησαν, περὶ ὧν κατὰ μέρος δεδήλωται ἄνωθεν,