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Alas, how many times he says the same thing out of great feeling! That you may be of the same mind, he says, or rather, that you may be of one mind. For this he went on to make clear, saying, Being of one mind; which is greater than, The same mind. Having the same love; that is, not simply concerning faith only, but also in all other things. For it is possible to be of the same mind, and not to have love. Having the same love; that is, both to love and to be loved in like manner. Do not you enjoy the greater part, while providing less to others, so that in this also you may be grasping. For if some do this, you at least do not tolerate it. Of one soul, he says; that is, with one soul making all bodies your own, not in substance (for it is not possible), but in purpose and in mind; let all things be done as from one soul. What is, Of one soul? He made it clear by saying, Being of one mind; let there be one mind, as of one soul. Do nothing through strife. He then sees fit to also state the manner, how this might happen: Do nothing through strife or vainglory, he says. As I always say, this is the cause of all evils; from this come fights and contentions, from this come envies and rivalries, from this the cooling of love, when we are enamored of the opinion of men, when we are slaves to the honor of the many; for it is not possible for one who is a slave of glory to also be a genuine slave of God. How then do we flee from vainglory, one might say? For you have not yet shown the way. Hear what follows: But in lowliness of mind, he says, each esteeming others better than themselves. Alas, what a doctrine full of all philosophy, and a system of our salvation he has set forth! If you suppose, he says, that so-and-so is greater than you, and you persuade yourself of this, or rather, not if you merely say it, but are fully convinced, you will also render him honor; and if you render him honor, you will not be indignant seeing him honored by another. Therefore, do not simply think him to be greater than you, but also to be superior, which is a strong exaggeration, and you will not be surprised seeing him honored, nor will you be pained; and if he should insult you, you will bear it nobly, for you have considered him greater than you; and if he reviles you, you will be persuaded; and if he does you harm, you bear it in silence. For once the soul is fully convinced that he is greater, it does not fall into anger at the wrongs it may suffer from him, nor into envy. For no one would envy those who are greatly superior; for he considers everything due to their superiority. 2. Here, then, he teaches this one to be so disposed. But when that other person also, who enjoys so much honor from you, he says, is so disposed toward you, consider what a double wall of forbearance it is. For when you in the meantime hold him worthy of honor, and he you likewise, nothing painful will ever 62.215 arise. For if this being done by one is sufficient to dissolve all contentiousness, when it is done by both, who will break through this security? Not even the devil himself; for the fortress will be threefold, and fourfold, and manifold. For humility is the cause of all good things. And that you may learn this, hear the prophet saying, For if You had desired sacrifice, I would have given it; You will not be pleased with whole burnt offerings. A sacrifice to God is a broken spirit; a broken and humbled heart, O God, You will not despise. He does not simply require humility, but an intensification of humility. For just as in the case of bodies, that which is crushed would never rise up against that which is firm, but however many terrible things it may suffer, it will perish first, rather than attack another; so also in the case of the soul, it will choose rather to suffer evil continually and to die, than to attack and defend itself. Until when will we be puffed up with a puffing worthy of laughter? For just as with children, when we see them stretching themselves up and being proud we laugh, or even picking up a stone and throwing it we laugh again; so is human arrogance, being the offspring of a childish mind and an imperfect intellect. For why is earth and

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Βαβαὶ, ποσάκις τὸ αὐτὸ λέγει ἀπὸ διαθέσεως πολλῆς! Ἵνα τὸ αὐτὸ φρονῆτε, φησὶ, μᾶλλον δὲ, ἵνα τὸ ἓν φρονῆτε. Τοῦτο γὰρ προϊὼν ἐδήλωσεν εἰπὼν, Τὸ ἓν φρονοῦντες· ὃ τοῦ, Τὸ αὐτὸ, μεῖζόν ἐστι. Τὴν αὐτὴν ἀγάπην ἔχοντες· τουτέστι, μὴ ἁπλῶς περὶ πίστιν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασιν. Ἔστι γὰρ καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν, καὶ μὴ ἀγάπην ἔχειν. Τὴν αὐτὴν ἀγάπην ἔχοντες· τουτέστιν, ὁμοίως καὶ φιλεῖν καὶ φιλεῖσθαι. Μὴ σὺ μὲν ἀπόλαυε τῆς πολλῆς, ἐλάττονα δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοις πάρεχε, ἵνα καὶ ἐν τούτῳ ᾖς πλεονέκτης. Εἰ γάρ τινες τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ σὺ μὴ ἀνέχου. Σύμψυχοι, φησί· τουτέστι, μιᾷ ψυχῇ τὰ πάντων οἰκειούμενοι σώματα, οὐ τῇ οὐσίᾳ (οὐ γάρ ἐστι δυνατὸν), ἀλλὰ τῇ προαιρέσει καὶ τῇ γνώμῃ· ὡς ἐκ μιᾶς ψυχῆς τὰ πάντα γινέσθω. Τί ἐστι, Σύμψυχοι; Ἐδήλωσεν εἰπὼν, Τὸ ἓν φρονοῦντες· ἓν ἔστω τὸ φρόνημα, ὥσπερ μιᾶς ψυχῆς. Μηδὲν κατὰ ἐρίθειαν. Ἀξιοῖ λοιπὸν καὶ τὸν τρόπον λέγει, πῶς ἂν τοῦτο γένοιτο· Μηδὲν κατὰ ἐρίθειαν, ἢ κενοδοξίαν, φησίν. Ὅπερ ἀεί φημι, ὅτι πάντων αἴτιον τῶν κακῶν τοῦτό ἐστιν· ἐντεῦθεν αἱ μάχαι καὶ αἱ ἔρεις, ἐντεῦθεν αἱ βασκανίαι καὶ φιλονεικίαι, ἐντεῦθεν τῆς ἀγάπης ἡ ψύξις, ὅταν τῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων δόξης ἐρῶμεν, ὅταν δοῦλοι τῆς τῶν πολλῶν ὦμεν τιμῆς· οὐ γὰρ ἔνι δόξης ὄντα δοῦλον, εἶναι καὶ Θεοῦ δοῦλον γνήσιον. Πῶς οὖν τὴν κενοδοξίαν φύγωμεν, φησίν; οὐδέπω γὰρ εἶπας ὁδόν. Ἄκουε τῶν ἐπαγομένων· Ἀλλὰ τῇ ταπεινοφροσύνῃ, φησὶν, ἀλλήλους ἡγούμενοι ὑπερέχοντας ἑαυτῶν. Βαβαὶ, πῶς δόγμα φιλοσοφίας γέμον πάσης, καὶ ἡμῶν τῆς σωτηρίας συγκρότημα ἐξέθετο! Ἐὰν ὑπολάβῃς, φησὶν, ὅτι ὁ δεῖνά σου μείζων ἐστὶ, καὶ τοῦτο πείσῃς σαυτὸν, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ ἐὰν εἴπῃς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πληροφορηθῇς, ἀπονέμεις αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν τιμήν· εἰ δὲ σὺ ἀπονέμεις αὐτῷ τὴν τιμὴν, οὐκ ἀγανακτήσεις ὁρῶν αὐτὸν παρ' ἑτέρου τιμώμενον. Μὴ τοίνυν ἁπλῶς νόμιζε μείζονά σου εἶναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπερέχειν, ὅπερ ἐστὶ σφοδρᾶς ὑπερβολῆς, καὶ οὐ ξενισθήσῃ τιμώμενον ὁρῶν, οὐδὲ ἀλγήσεις· κἂν ὑβρίσῃ, οἴσεις γενναίως· μείζονα γάρ σου αὐτὸν νενόμικας· κἂν λοιδορῇ, πείθῃ, κἂν ποιήσῃ κακῶς, φέρεις σιγῇ. Ὅταν γὰρ ἅπαξ πληροφορηθῇ ἡ ψυχὴ, ὅτι μείζων ἐστὶν, οὐκ εἰς ὀργὴν ἐμπίπτει ἐν οἷς ἂν παρ' αὐτοῦ πάθῃ κακῶς, οὐκ εἰς βασκανίαν. Τοῖς γὰρ σφόδρα ὑπερέχουσιν οὐδεὶς ἂν φθονήσειε· τῆς γὰρ ὑπεροχῆς τὰ πάντα ἡγεῖται. βʹ. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν οὖν τοῦτον παιδεύει οὕτω διακεῖσθαι. Ὅταν δὲ κἀκεῖνος ὁ τοσαύτης ἀπολαύων τιμῆς παρὰ σοῦ, φησὶν, οὕτω πρὸς σὲ διακέηται, ἐννόησον πῶς τεῖχός ἐστι διπλοῦν ἐπιεικείας. Ὅταν γὰρ σὺ τέως ἄξιον τιμῆς ἔχῃς, κἀκεῖνος οὕτως, οὐδὲν οὐδέποτε 62.215 ἔσται λυπηρόν. Εἰ γὰρ παρὰ τοῦ ἑνὸς τοῦτο γινόμενον ἀρκεῖ λῦσαι πᾶσαν ἐρεσχελίαν, ὅταν παρὰ ἀμφοτέρων ᾖ, τίς διακόψει ταύτην τὴν ἀσφάλειαν; Οὐδὲ αὐτὸς ὁ διάβολος· τριπλοῦν γὰρ ἔσται, καὶ τετραπλοῦν, καὶ πολλαπλάσιον τὸ ὀχύρωμα. Πάντων γὰρ τῶν ἀγαθῶν αἰτία ἡ ταπεινοφροσύνη. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς, ἄκουε τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος, ὅτι Εἰ ἠθέλησας θυσίαν, ἔδωκα ἄν· ὁλοκαυτώματα οὐκ εὐδοκήσεις. Θυσία τῷ Θεῷ πνεῦμα συντετριμμένον· καρδίαν συντετριμμένην καὶ τεταπεινωμένην ὁ Θεὸς οὐκ ἐξουδενώσει. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ ταπεινοφροσύνην ἀπαιτεῖ, ἀλλ' ἐπίτασιν ταπεινοφροσύνης. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν σωμάτων τὸ συντετριμμένον οὐκ ἂν ἐπανασταίη ποτὲ τῷ στεῤῥῷ, ἀλλ' ὅσα ἂν πάθῃ δεινὰ, πρότερον αὐτὸ ἀπολεῖται, ἢ ἑτέρῳ ἐπεξελεύσεται· οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ψυχῆς, αἱρήσεται μᾶλλον κακῶς πάσχουσα διαπαντὸς καὶ ἀποθανεῖν, ἢ ἐπεξελθεῖν καὶ ἀμύνασθαι. Μέχρι τίνος φυσώμεθα φύσημα γέλωτος ἄξιον; Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὰ παιδία, ὅταν ὁρῶμεν ἀνατεινόμενα καὶ γαυρούμενα γελῶμεν, ἢ καὶ λίθον αἴροντα καὶ ῥιπτοῦντα πάλιν γελῶμεν· οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ἀπόνοια ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη, παιδικῆς ὂν διανοίας καὶ ἀτελοῦς φρενὸς γέννημα. Τί γὰρ ὑπερηφανεύεται γῆ καὶ