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to make every sensible person an antidote for himself against the venom of the deadly preaching, having condemned their rubbishy teaching and talk, and especially since the Lord says straightaway in both the Law and in the Gospel "You shall have no other gods" "You shall not take the name of another for an oath", and again says in the Gospel "Do not swear, neither by heaven, nor by the earth, nor any other oath, but let your yes be yes, and your no, no; for what is more than these comes from the evil one." And I think the Lord decreed this because some were going to say that an oath should be offered in other names; first, therefore, that one must not swear either by the Lord himself or by any other oath; for swearing is from the evil one. Evil then, also, is the one who spoke in Elxai, who compelled men to swear not only by God, but also by salt and by water and by bread 1.224 and by ether and by the wind and by the earth and by heaven. But it is sufficient in passing, for one wishing to be healed, to use the antidote of these two sayings in opposition to his error. But having passed over the contentiousness of this man and the insidiousness of this heresy, I will proceed next to the refutation of the seventh heresy, which was then considered current among them. And this is it: Against the Herodians, heresy 7 from Judaism, and 20 in the sequence. 1. After this one and after these, again, the seventh was the one called of the Herodians. And these had nothing different, but they were all Jews, idle and hypocrites. These considered Herod to be the Christ, thinking that he, Herod, was the Christ expected in all the scriptures of the Law and the Prophets, and being deceived in him they glorified Herod, carried away by the saying, along with their vainglory in favor of the king of that time, of what was said: "A ruler shall not fail from Judah, nor a leader from his thighs, until he comes for whom it is reserved" or as the other copies have it "until he comes, for whom the things are reserved"; since Herod happened to be the son of Antipater, an Ascalonite, a certain temple slave of the idol Apollo; the father of this same Antipater was named 1.225 Herod, and he too was the son of an Antipater. This same Antipater was taken captive by the Idumaeans and while living there in Idumaea he begot Herod. And since his father was poor and unable to ransom his son, I mean Antipater, he remained a slave for a long time; but later he was ransomed by a collection of the citizens with his little child Herod and returned to his own home. For this reason some say he is an Idumaean, while others know him as an Ascalonite. But later he was befriended by † Demetrius and was appointed procurator over Judaea, and became known to the emperor Augustus, and from being procurator he became a proselyte, and he is circumcised himself and circumcises Herod his son, to whom the lot of the kingdom of the Jews fell; and he was king in Judaea, being a tributary under Emperor Augustus. Since, therefore, this man of foreign race rules, and the kingdom had continued in succession from Judah and from David, and the rulers and patriarchs from Judah failed, and the kingdom passed to a foreigner, it seemed plausible in the opinion of the deceived to be deluded and to think that he was the Christ, from the sequence of the aforementioned saying, "A ruler shall not fail from Judah, until he comes for whom it is reserved", as this was to be understood among them in this way, that for him it was reserved, it says; for those failed and this man is not from the tribe of Judah, nor indeed of Israel at all; but for such a one it was reserved to be the Christ. 1.226 2. But the sequence refutes them, saying that "he is the expectation of nations, and in him the nations will hope." Which of the nations hoped in Herod? And what

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κηρύγματος τοῦ δηλητηρίου ἰοῦ ἀλεξητήριον ἑαυτῷ πάντα νουνεχῆ κατασκευάσαι, καταγνόντα τῆς συρφετώδους αὐτῶν διδασκαλίας τε καὶ λαλιᾶς, καὶ μάλιστα τοῦ κυρίου εὐθὺς λέγοντος ἔν τε τῷ νόμῳ καὶ ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ «οὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι» «οὐ λήψῃ ὄνομά τινος ἑτέρου ἐπὶ ὅρκῳ», καὶ πάλιν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ λέγοντος «μὴ ὀμνύναι μήτε τὸν οὐρανὸν μήτε τὴν γῆν μήτε ἕτερόν τινα ὅρκον, ἀλλ' ἤτω ὑμῶν τὸ ναὶ ναὶ καὶ τὸ οὒ οὔ· τὸ περισσότερον γὰρ τούτων ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ ὑπάρχει». ἐγὼ δὲ περὶ τούτου νομίζω θεσπίσαι τὸν κύριον διὰ τὸ μέλλειν τινὰς λέγειν ἐν ἄλλοις ὀνόμασιν ὅρκον προβάλλεσθαι· πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ὅτι οὐ δεῖ ὀμνύναι οὔτε αὐτὸν τὸν κύριον οὔτε ἄλλον τινὰ ὅρκον· ἐκ τοῦ γὰρ πονηροῦ ἐστι τὸ ὀμνύναι. πονηρὸς δὲ ἄρα καὶ ὁ ἐν τῷ Ἠλξαῒ λαλήσας, ὁ καταναγκάσας οὐ μόνον ἐν θεῷ ὀμνύναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν ἁλὶ καὶ ἐν ὕδατι καὶ ἐν ἄρτῳ 1.224 καὶ ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ ἐν ἀνέμῳ καὶ ἐν τῇ γῇ καὶ ἐν οὐρανῷ. ἀρκετὸν δὲ ὡς ἐν παρόδῳ διὰ τῶν δύο λόγων πρὸς ἀντίθεσιν τῆς αὐτοῦ πλάνης ἀντιδότῳ χρήσασθαι τὸν βουλόμενον ἰατρευθῆναι. παρελθὼν δὲ τούτου τὴν ἐρεσχελίαν καὶ τὸ ὕπουλον ταύτης τῆς αἱρέσεως ἐφεξῆς ποιήσομαι τῆς ἑβδόμης αἱρέσεως τὸν ἔλεγχον, τῆς παρὰ τοῖς αὐτοῖς τότε νομιτευομένης. καὶ ἔστιν αὕτη· Κατὰ Ἡρῳδιανῶν, ἀπὸ Ἰουδαϊσμοῦ αἱρέσεως ˉζ, τῆς δὲ ἀκολουθίας ˉκ. 1. Μετὰ ταύτην δὲ καὶ μετὰ ταύτας πάλιν ἑβδόμη ἦν Ἡρῳδιανῶν καλουμένη. οὐδὲν δὲ ἔσχον τι παρηλλαγμένον οὗτοι, ἀλλὰ ὅλοι Ἰουδαῖοι ἦσαν ἀργοί τε καὶ ὑποκριταί. Ἡρῴδην δὲ οὗτοι ἡγοῦντο Χριστόν, Χριστὸν τὸν ἐν πάσαις γραφαῖς νόμου τε καὶ προφητῶν προσδοκώμενον νομίσαντες αὐτὸν εἶναι τὸν Ἡρῴδην, καὶ ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἀπατώμενοι ἐσεμνύνοντο τῷ Ἡρῴδῃ, ἐκ τοῦ ῥητοῦ συναρπασθέντες μετὰ τοῦ καὶ εἰς χάριν τοῦ τότε βασιλέως κενοδοξῆσαι τοῦ εἰρημένου «οὐκ ἐκλείψει ἄρχων ἐξ Ἰούδα οὔτε ἡγούμενος ἐκ τῶν μηρῶν αὐτοῦ, ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ᾧ ἀπόκειται» ἢ ὡς ἔχει τὰ ἄλλα ἀντίγραφα «ἕως ἔλθῃ ᾧ τὰ ἀποκείμενα»· ἐπειδήπερ ὁ Ἡρῴδης υἱὸς Ἀντιπάτρου ἐτύγχανεν Ἀσκαλωνίτου τινὸς ἱεροδούλου Ἀπόλλωνος τοῦ εἰδώλου· οὗ ὁ πατὴρ τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἀντιπάτρου Ἡρῴδης μὲν ἦν τοὔ1.225 νομα, υἱὸς δὲ ἦν καὶ αὐτὸς Ἀντιπάτρου. αἰχμάλωτος δὲ ἤχθη ὑπὸ Ἰδουμαίων ὁ αὐτὸς Ἀντίπατρος κἀκεῖσε ἐν τῇ Ἰδουμαίᾳ διατρίβωνἐγέννησε τὸν Ἡρῴδην. τοῦ δὲ πατρὸς πένητος ὄντος καὶ μὴ δυναμένου λύτροις ῥύσασθαι τὸν υἱόν, λέγω δὴ τὸν Ἀντίπατρον, ἔμεινε πολλῷ τῷ χρόνῳ δουλεύων· ὕστερον δὲ ἐλυτρώθη ἐξ ἐράνου τῶν πολιτῶν σὺν τῷ παιδίῳ Ἡρῴδῃ καὶ μετῆλθεν εἰς τὰ οἰκεῖα. διόπερ τινὲς αὐτὸν λέγουσιν Ἰδουμαῖον, ἄλλοι δὲ Ἀσκαλωνίτην ἴσασιν. ὕστερον δὲ ἐφιλιώθη † ∆ημητρίῳ καὶ ἐπίτροπος κατέστη ἐπὶ τῆς Ἰουδαίας, ἐν γνώσει τε γέγονεν Αὐγούστῳ βασιλεῖ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐπιτροπεύειν προσηλυτεύει, περιτέμνεταί τε αὐτὸς καὶ περιτέμνει Ἡρῴδην τὸν υἱόν, εἰς ὃν ἦλθεν ὁ κλῆρος τῆς τῶν Ἰουδαίων βασιλείας· ἦν δὲ βασιλεὺς ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ὑπὸ βασιλέα Αὔγουστον ὑπόσπονδος ὑπάρχων. ἐπὶ οὖν ἐξ ἀλλοφύλων οὗτος βασιλεύει, κατὰ διαδοχὴν δὲ διήρκεσεν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰούδα καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ∆αυὶδ τὸ βασίλειον καὶ οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Ἰούδα ἄρχοντες καὶ πατριάρχαι ἐξέλιπον, μετέστη δὲ τὸ βασίλειον εἰς ἀλλόφυλον, πιθανὸν ἔδοξεν ἐν τῇ ὑπολήψει τῶν πεπλανημένων τὸ ἀπατηθῆναι καὶ νομίσαι αὐτὸν Χριστὸν εἶναι, ἀπὸ τῆς ἀκολουθίας τοῦ προειρημένου ῥητοῦ τοῦ «οὐκ ἐκλείψει ἄρχων ἐξ Ἰούδα, ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ᾧ ἀπόκειται», ὡς εἶναι τοῦτο οὕτως παρ' αὐτοῖς νοητέον, ὅτι τούτῳ ἀπέκειτο, φησίν· ἐξέλιπον γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι καὶ οὗτος οὐκ ἀπὸ γένους τοῦ Ἰούδα, ἀλλ' οὔτε ὅλως τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὑπάρχει· τοιούτῳ δὲ ἀπέκειτο τὸ εἶναι Χριστόν. 1.226 2. ἀλλ' ἐλέγχει αὐτοὺς ἡ ἀκολουθία φάσκουσα ὅτι «αὐτὸς προσδοκία ἐθνῶν καὶ ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν». ποῖον δὲ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐπὶ Ἡρῴδῃ ἤλπισεν; ποία δὲ