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the achievement, if done by him in secret and known to no one, would have benefited no one; but when it was proclaimed and heard by all, it provided to all the benefit from the wonder. Naturally, therefore, since it was necessary to show his instrument to be stronger than death and to do this not in secret but in the sight of men, he does not flee death; for he would have been considered a coward and worse than death. But through the struggle with death as with an antagonist, he presented the mortal as immortal, having undertaken this contest for the salvation, life, and immortality of all. 15.6 For just as if someone wished to show us some vessel that was unburnable and stronger than fire, he could not have presented the wonder in any other way than by handing over what was in his hands to the fire and then taking it out of the fire whole and uncorrupted, in this way indeed the life-giving Word of God of all things, wishing to show the mortal instrument, which he used for the salvation of men, to be stronger than death and to reveal it as a partaker of his own life and immortality, undertook a very useful economy, on the one hand leaving the body for a short time and handing over the mortal to death for a proof of its own nature, then after not long taking it away again from death, for a demonstration of the divine power, through which he showed that the eternal life proclaimed by him was stronger than any death. 15.7 And the reason is evident and clear. For since it was necessary for his disciples to see with their own eyes the clear rebirth of life after death, on which he taught them to hang their hopes, preparing them to be stronger than death, he naturally allowed them to see this with their eyes. For it was necessary for those who were going to pursue a pious life to receive this most necessary lesson of all through clear sight, and much more so for those who were soon about to proclaim him to the whole inhabited world and to announce to all men the knowledge of God set forth by him to all the nations. 15.8 These men needed to receive the greatest conviction of life after death, so that, fearless and without dread of death, they might eagerly undertake the struggle against the polytheistic error of the nations. For had they not practiced despising death, they would never have been prepared for terrible things. Therefore, of necessity arming them against the dominion of death, he did not deliver the lesson with little words and sounds, nor by composing arguments about the immortality of the soul persuasively and from probabilities, in the manner of men, but by the deed itself he showed them the trophies over death. 15.9 This, then, is the first and greatest reason for our Savior's battle against death. At any rate, he showed death, which is terrible to all, to be nothing to his disciples, and he presented the life promised by him to their own eyes through clear sight, having made that very thing the first-fruits of our common hope for life with God and immortality. 15.10 A second reason for the revival would be the demonstration of the divine power that had dwelt in the body. For since previously men deified mortals, men who had been conquered by death, and called heroes and gods those who had been overcome by death, there also for this reason the philanthropic Word of God naturally revealed himself, showing to men a nature stronger than death, and leading the mortal after its dissolution to a second life, and providing a trophy of immortality against death for all to see, and teaching to confess that this one alone in death is the true God, the one who has bound on the prizes of victory over death. I could also outline for you a third reason for the saving death. 15.11 It was a sacrifice sent up on behalf of the common race to the all-sovereign God of all, a sacrifice consecrated for the flock of men, a sacrifice to avert demonic error. of one sacrifice indeed

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κρυφαῖον αὐτῷ πραχθὲν τὸ κατόρθωμα μηδενί τε γνωσθὲν οὐδένα ἂν ὤνησεν· βοηθὲν δὲ καὶ ἀκουσθὲν εἰς ἅπαντας τοῖς πᾶσι τὴν ἐκ τοῦ θαύματος παρεῖχεν ὠφέλειαν. εἰκότως ἄρα, ἐπειδὴ ἐχρῆν τὸ αὐτοῦ ὄργανον κρεῖττον θανάτου φῆναι καὶ τοῦτο πρᾶξαι μὴ εἰς τὸ λεληθὸς ἀλλ' ἐπ' ὄψεσιν ἀνθρώπων, οὐ φεύγει μὲν τὸν θάνατον· ἦν γὰρ ἂν δειλὸς καὶ θανάτου χείρων ἐνομίσθη· διὰ δὲ τῆς πρὸς τὸν θάνατον συμπλοκῆς οἷα πρὸς ἀνταγωνιστὴν τὸ θνητὸν ἀθάνατον παρίστη, τὸν ἀγῶνα τοῦτον ὑπὲρ τῆς ἁπάντων σωτηρίας ζωῆς τε καὶ ἀθανασίας ἀναδεδεγμένος. 15.6 ὥσπερ δὲ εἴ τις ἄκαυστον ἡμῖν καὶ πυρὸς κρεῖττον σκεῦός τι δεῖξαι ἠθέλησεν, οὐκ ἂν ἄλλως τὸ θαῦμα παρεστήσατο ἢ τῷ πυρὶ παραδοὺς τὸ μετὰ χεῖρας κἄπειτα αὐτὸ σῶον καὶ ἀδιάφθορον τοῦ πυρὸς ἐξελών, κατὰ ταῦτα δὴ καὶ ὁ τῶν ὅλων ζωοποιὸς τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος τὸ θνητὸν ὄργανον, ᾧ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων κέχρητο σωτηρίαν, κρεῖττον θανάτου δεῖξαι βουληθεὶς κοινωνόν τε ἀποφῆναι τῆς οἰκείας ζωῆς τε καὶ ἀθανασίας, εὖ μάλα χρησίμην ὑπῄει τὴν οἰκονομίαν, τὸ μὲν σῶμα πρὸς βραχὺ καταλιπὼν καὶ τὸ θνητὸν τῷ θανάτῳ παραδίδους εἰς ἔλεγχον τῆς οἰκείας φύσεως, εἶτ' οὐκ εἰς μακρὸν αὐτὸ τοῦ θανάτου πάλιν ὑφαιρούμενος, εἰς παράστασιν τῆς ἐνθέου δυνάμεως, δι' ἧς παντὸς θανάτου κρείττονα τὴν πρὸς αὐτοῦ καταγγελθεῖσαν ζωὴν ἀΐδιον ἔφαινεν. 15.7 ἡ δ' αἰτία πρόδηλος καὶ σαφής. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τοῖς αὐτοῦ φοιτηταῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἰδεῖν ἀναγκαῖον ἦν ζωῆς τῆς μετὰ θάνατον ἐναργῆ τὴν παλιγγενεσίαν, ἐφ' ἣν τὰς αὐτῶν ἐλπίδας ἀναρτᾶν αὐτοὺς ἐδίδασκεν, κρείττονας εἶναι θανάτου παρασκευάζων, εἰκότως τοῦτ' αὐτοῖς ὁρᾶν ὀφθαλμοῖς παρεῖχεν· ἐχρῆν γὰρ τοὺς μέλλοντας εὐσεβῆ μετιέναι βίον τοῦτο πρῶτον πάντων ἀναγκαιότατον μάθημα δι' ἐναργοῦς ὄψεως παραλαβεῖν καὶ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἐκείνους τοὺς εἰς ἅπασαν τὴν οἰκουμένην μέλλοντας αὐτὸν ὅσον οὔπω κηρύττειν καὶ τὴν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πᾶσι τοῖς ἔθνεσι προβληθεῖσαν θεογνωσίαν εἰς πάντας καταγγέλλειν ἀνθρώπους. 15.8 οὓς δὴ πεῖσμα μέγιστον ἀναλαβεῖν ἐχρῆν τῆς μετὰ τὸν θάνατον ζωῆς, ὡς ἂν ἀδεεῖς καὶ ἄφοβοι θανάτου τὸν κατὰ τῆς τῶν ἐθνῶν πολυθέου πλάνης ἀγῶνα προθύμως ἀναδέξοιντο· μὴ γὰρ θανάτου καταφρονεῖν μελετήσαντες, οὐκ ἂν πώποτε πρὸς τὰ δεινὰ παρεσκευάζοντο. διὸ δὴ ἀναγκαίως ὁπλίζων αὐτοὺς κατὰ τῆς τοῦ θανάτου δυναστείας, οὐ ῥηματίοις καὶ φωναῖς παρεδίδου τὸ μάθημα, οὐδὲ λόγοις ὁμοίως ἀνθρωπίνοις τὸν περὶ ψυχῆς ἀθανασίας πιθανῶς καὶ ἐξ εἰκότων συντάττων, αὐτῷ δὲ ἔργῳ τὰ κατὰ τοῦ θανάτου ἐπεδείκνυ αὐτοῖς τρόπαια. 15.9 πρώτη μὲν οὖν αὕτη καὶ μεγίστη αἰτία τῆς τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν κατὰ τοῦ θανάτου παρατάξεως· τὸν γοῦν φοβερὸν τοῖς πᾶσι θάνατον τοῖς αὐτοῦ φοιτηταῖς τὸ μηδὲν ὄντα ἐδείκνυ, καὶ τὴν ἐπηγγελμένην πρὸς αὐτοῦ ζωὴν τοῖς αὐτῶν ὀφθαλμοῖς δι' ἐναργοῦς ὄψεως παρίστη, ἀπαρχὴν τῆς κοινῆς ἡμῶν ἐλπίδος ζωῆς τε τῆς παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀθανασίας αὐτὴν ἐκείνην πεποιημένος. 15.10 δευτέρα δ' ἂν εἴη αἰτία τῆς ἀναβιώσεως τῆς ἐν σώματι κατοικησάσης ἐνθέου δυνάμεως ἔνδειξις. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὸ πρότερον τοὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ θανάτου νενικημένους ἄνδρας θνητοὺς ἐθείαζον ἄνθρωποι, ἥρωάς τε καὶ θεοὺς ὠνόμαζον τοὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ θανάτου κεκρατημένους, κἀκεῖ εἰκότως ἑαυτὸν ταύτης ἕνεκα τῆς αἰτίας ἔφηνεν ὁ φιλάνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος, κρείττονα θανάτου φύσιν ἀνθρώποις δεικνύς, καὶ τὸ μὲν θνητὸν μετὰ τὴν λύσιν ἐπὶ τὴν δευτέραν ζωὴν ἄγων, τρόπαιον δὲ ἀθανασίας κατὰ τοῦ θανάτου τοῖς πᾶσι παρέχων ὁρᾶν, καὶ μόνον τοῦτον ἐν θανάτῳ θεὸν ἀληθῆ εἶναι διδάσκων ὁμολογεῖν τὸν τὰ βραβεῖα τῆς κατὰ τοῦ θανάτου νίκης ἀναδησάμενον. ἔχοιμ' ἄν σοι καὶ τρίτην ὑπογράφειν αἰτίαν τοῦ σωτηρίου θανάτου. 15.11 ἱερεῖον ἦν ὑπὲρ τοῦ κοινοῦ γένους ἀναπεμπόμενον τῷ παμβασιλεῖ θεῷ τῶν ὅλων, ἱερεῖον ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀγέλης καθιερούμενον, ἱερεῖον δαιμονικῆς πλάνης ἀποτρόπαιον. ἱερείου δῆτα ἑνὸς