HORTATORY ADDRESS TO THE GREEKS BY SAINT JUSTIN, PHILOSOPHER AND MARTYR.

 Alas, with my own eyes I see a dear man pursued around the wall and my heart grieves for him. And what he says about the other gods conspiring agains

 Artemis the archer, sister of the far-shooter. And against Leto stood the strong, helpful Hermes. These and such things Homer taught you about the god

 ...s of you you say have become of piety, some declaring water to be the beginning of all things, others air, others fire, others some other of the af

 Of all of them who had spoken, Thales, the eldest of them all, says that the principle of existing things is water for he says that all things are fr

 having denied it, later says in his conceptions that it is this very thing. Moreover, having formerly declared that everything that has come into bein

 having established for I do not attempt to prove these things from the divine histories among us alone, which you are not yet willing to believe beca

 to organize affairs in Egypt, but also to establish the warrior class with laws. And fourth, they say that Bocchoris the king became a lawgiver, a wis

 it happened that there were once God-fearing men, as you say the oracle declared: Only the Chaldeans obtained wisdom, and also the Hebrews, purely rev

 of wise men or orators, should one wish to make mention, he will find that they have written their own compositions in the letters of the Greeks. But

 it is fitting that it should appear clearly and manifestly. It is necessary, therefore, for you, O men of Greece, foreseeing the things to come and lo

 And in the Oracles it is thus: I adjure you, Heaven, the wise work of the great God, I adjure you, Voice of the Father, which He first uttered, When H

 the poem to fall from its meter, lest he should seem not to have first mentioned the name of the gods. But a little later he sets forth clearly and pl

 he should cause Meletus to be against himself, accusing him before the Athenians and saying: Plato does wrong and is a busybody, not believing in the

 that only disobedience was cast out, but not knowing that they were also persuaded that non-existent gods existed, they passed on the name of the gods

 light, constructs that which comes to be. But perhaps some, not wishing to abandon the doctrines of polytheism, will say that the demiurge himself sai

 having. For it does not seem to me that what was said by Phoenix was said simply: Not even if the god himself should promise me, scraping off old age,

 wishing to confirm what has been said of participation, Plato has written thus in these very words: God, then, as the old saying has it, holding the b

 having heard from one who had come back to life and was relating the things there, has written thus in his very words: For he said that he was present

 poetry, Diodorus, the most renowned of the historians, sufficiently teaches us. For he said that he, having been in Egypt, had learned that Nepenthes,

 to set up the battle-cry of much-lamented war They were eager to place Ossa upon Olympus, but upon Ossa Pelion with its shaking leaves, that heaven m

 and concerning the heaven that came into being that the created heaven, which he also named the firmament, this is the perceptible one that came into

 proclaimed by the name. For, fearing to call the gift of God Holy Spirit, lest he should seem to be an enemy of the Greeks by following the teaching

 supposed them to have the forms of men, you will find that they learned this also from the divine history. For since the history of Moses says, from t

 to you Socrates, the wisest of the wise, to whom even your oracle, as you yourselves say, testifies, saying: Of all men Socrates is the wisest, confes

 It will be easy for you to learn in part the true worship of God from the ancient Sibyl, who teaches you by oracles from some powerful inspiration, th

 it is clear that he said this about the oracle-givers, looking to the oracles of the Sibyl. For he spoke thus: When they succeed in saying many and gr

 Tatian's Address to the Greeks. Do not be so very hostile towards the barbarians, O men of Greece, nor be envious of their doctrines. For what pursuit

 very savagely, having imprisoned his own friend for not wanting to worship him, carried him around like a bear or a leopard. Indeed, he completely fol

 selecting places for their covetousness *** the prominent. But one ought not flatter the leaders with the prospect of kingship, but to wait until the

 I have chosen to order the unordered matter in you, and just as the Word, having been begotten in the beginning, in turn begot our creation for himsel

 not according to fate, but by the free will of those who choose, he foretold the outcomes of future events and he became a hinderer of wickedness thro

 with baubles of the earth he deceived the motherless and orphaned girl. Poseidon sails, Ares delights in wars, Apollo is a cithara player, Dionysus is

 of a kingdom, *** were turned into constellations by the shaping of letters? And how is Kronos, who was fettered and cast out of his kingdom, appointe

 of faith with glory become but the poor man and the most moderate, desiring the things that are his own, more easily gets by. Why, I ask, according to

 were zealous to be but the Lord of all allowed them to luxuriate until the world, having reached its end, should be dissolved, and the judge should a

 refusing a suffering god, they were shown to be fighters against God rather than God-fearing. You too are such men, O Greeks, talkative in words, but

 of the spirit But when the tabernacle is not of such a kind, man excels the beasts only in articulate speech, but in other respects his way of life i

 causes, when they happen, they ascribe to themselves, attacking whenever weariness overtakes them. But there are times when they themselves by a tempe

 For if it were so, much more would he ward off his own enemy from himself for being able to help others also, he will much more become his own avenge

 you? Therefore if you say that one ought not to fear death, sharing our doctrines, die not because of human vainglory, as Anaxarchus did, but for the

 Unable to explain those things, because of the impossibility of their theory, they have blamed the tides, and of the seas, one being weedy and the oth

 For what sort are your teachings? Who would not mock your public festivals, which, being celebrated under the pretext of wicked demons, turn men to di

 providing it, feeding it with the most ungodly bloodshed. For the robber kills for the sake of taking, but the rich man buys gladiators for the sake o

 dedications, and those who read are as with the jar of the Danaids. Why do you divide time for me, saying that one part of it is past, another present

 the conception which I have concerning all things, this I do not hide. Why do you advise me to deceive the state? Why, while saying to despise death,

 but again it will be dissolved, if we obey the word of God and do not scatter ourselves. For he has gained control of our possessions through a certai

 Archilochus flourished around the twenty-third Olympiad, in the time of Gyges the Lydian, five hundred years after the Trojan War. And concerning the

 the nonsense of affairs for the Greeks. For the pursuits of your customs are rather foolish through great glory and behave disgracefully through the w

 seeing the figures of the strife and of Eteocles, and not having thrown them into a pit with Pythagoras who made them, do you destroy along with them

 For what is difficult about men who have been shown to be ignorant being now refuted by a man of like passions? And what is strange, according to your

 maios. The time from Inachus until the capture of Ilium completes twenty generations and the proof is in this manner. The kings of the Argives were th

 our laws, and what the learned men among the Greeks have said, and how many and who they are who have mentioned them, will be shown in the treatise A

 God and what is the creation according to him, I present myself ready to you for the examination of the doctrines, while my way of life according to G

very savagely, having imprisoned his own friend for not wanting to worship him, carried him around like a bear or a leopard. Indeed, he completely followed the teachings of his master, displaying his courage and virtue at drinking parties and piercing his own and very dear friend with a spear, and again weeping and starving himself on the pretext of grief, so that he might not be hated by his own people. And I would laugh at those who even now follow his doctrines, who, while saying that things below the moon are without providence, existing closer to the earth than the moon and lower than its orbit, exercise providence over things without providence; but among whom there is no beauty, no wealth, no strength of body, no nobility, among these, according to Aristotle, there is no happiness. Let such people philosophize. For I would not accept Heraclitus who said "I taught myself," because he was self-taught and arrogant; nor would I praise him for hiding his work in the temple of Artemis, mysteriously, so that its publication might happen later. For those who are concerned with these matters say that Euripides the tragedian, going down and reading it, handed down the Heraclitean obscurity little by little from memory to the learned. Therefore, his death exposed this man's ignorance; for being afflicted with dropsy and having practiced medicine as philosophy, and having plastered himself with cow-dung, when the dung hardened and caused contractions of his whole body, he was torn apart and died. For Zeno, who declares that through the conflagration the same people rise again for the same things—I mean Anytus and Meletus to accuse, and Busiris to murder strangers, and Heracles again to perform his labors—must be rejected; who in his doctrine of the conflagration introduces more wicked people than righteous ones, there having been one Socrates and Heracles and a few others of this kind, few and not many. For the evil will be found to be far more numerous than the good, and God will be shown, according to him, to be the creator of evils, occupied with trenches and worms and unspeakable acts. For the boastfulness of Empedocles the eruptions of fire in Sicily proved, that since he was not a god, he was lying about being what he claimed to be. I laugh also at the old-wives' tales of Pherecydes and at Pythagoras' inheritance of the doctrine and at Plato's imitation of them, even if some may not wish it. For who would approve of the dog-marriage of Crates and not rather, having rejected the arrogant verbal mania of those like him, turn to seeking what is truly good? Therefore, do not be carried away by the assemblies of the lovers of noise and not lovers of wisdom, who teach doctrines contrary to each other, and each one has spoken out according to what occurred to him. And there are many conflicts among them; for one hates another, and they hold contrary opinions to one another on account of the arro

λικῶς πάνυ τὸν ἑαυτοῦ φίλον διὰ τὸ μὴ βούλεσθαι προσκυνεῖν αὐτὸν καθείρξας ὥσπερ ἄρκτον ἢ πάρδαλιν περιέφερε. πάνυ γοῦν ἐπείθετο τοῖς τοῦ διδασκάλου δόγμασιν τὴν ἀνδρείαν καὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν ἐν συμποσίοις ἐπιδεικνύμενος καὶ τὸν οἰκεῖον καὶ πάνυ φίλτατον διαπείρων τῷ δόρατι καὶ πάλιν κλαίων καὶ ἀποκαρτερῶν προφάσει λύπης, ἵν' ὑπὸ τῶν οἰκείων μὴ μισηθῇ. γελάσαιμι δ' ἂν καὶ τοὺς μέχρι νῦν τοῖς δόγμασιν αὐτοῦ κατα χρωμένους, οἳ τὰ μετὰ σελήνην ἀπρονόητα λέγοντες εἶναι, προσ γειότεροι παρὰ τὴν σελήνην ὑπάρχοντες καὶ κατώτεροι τοῦ ταύτης δρόμου, προνοοῦσι τῶν ἀπρονοήτων· παρ' οἷς δὲ οὐκ ἔστι κάλλος, οὐ πλοῦτος, οὐ ·ώμη σώματος, οὐκ εὐγένεια, παρὰ τού τοις οὐκ ἔστι κατὰ τὸν Ἀριστοτέλην τὸ εὔδαιμον. καὶ οἱ τοιοῦτοι φιλοσοφείτωσαν. Τὸν γὰρ Ἡράκλειτον οὐκ ἂν ἀποδεξαίμην ἐμαυτὸν ἐδιδαξάμην εἰπόντα διὰ τὸ αὐτοδίδακτον εἶναι καὶ ὑπερήφανον οὐδ' ἂν ἐπαινέσαιμι κατακρύψαντα τὴν ποίησιν ἐν τῷ τῆς Ἀρ τέμιδος ναῷ, μυστηριωδῶς ὅπως ὕστερον ἡ ταύτης ἔκδοσις γί νηται. καὶ γὰρ οἷς μέλον ἐστὶ περὶ τούτων, φασὶν Eὐριπίδην τὸν τραγῳδοποιὸν κατιόντα καὶ ἀναγινώσκοντα διὰ μνήμης κατ' ὀλίγον τὸ Ἡρακλείτειον σκότος τοῖς σπουδαίοις παραδεδωκέναι. τούτου μὲν οὖν τὴν ἀμαθίαν ὁ θάνατος συνήλεγξεν· ὕδρωπι γὰρ συσχεθεὶς καὶ τὴν ἰατρικὴν ὡς φιλοσοφίαν ἐπιτηδεύσας βολβίτοις τε περιπλάσας ἑαυτὸν τῆς κόπρου κρατυνθείσης συ νολκάς τε τοῦ παντὸς ἀπεργασαμένης σώματος σπασθεὶς ἐτε λεύτησεν. τὸν γὰρ Ζήνωνα διὰ τῆς ἐκπυρώσεως ἀποφαινόμενον ἀνίστασθαι πάλιν τοὺς αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς, λέγω δὲ Ἄνυτον καὶ Μέλητον ἐπὶ τῷ κατηγορεῖν, Βούσιριν δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ ξενοκτονεῖν καὶ Ἡρακλέα πάλιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀθλεῖν, παραιτητέον· ὅστις ἐν τῷ κατὰ τὴν ἐκπύρωσιν λόγῳ πλείονας τοὺς μοχθηροὺς τῶν δικαίων εἰσηγεῖται, Σωκράτους ἑνὸς καὶ Ἡρακλέους καί τινων ἄλλων τοιούτων, γεγονότων ὀλίγων καὶ οὐ πολλῶν. οἱ γὰρ κακοὶ πάνυ πλείους εὑρεθήσονται τῶν ἀγαθῶν, καὶ ὁ θεὸς κακῶν ἀποδειχθήσεται κατ' αὐτὸν ποιητὴς, ἐν ἀμάραις τε καὶ σκώληξι καὶ ἀρρητουργοῖς καταγινόμενος. Ἐμπεδοκλέους γὰρ τὸ ἀλαζονικὸν αἱ κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν τοῦ πυρὸς ἀναφυσήσεις ἀπέ δειξαν, ὅτι μὴ θεὸς ὢν τοῦθ' ὅπερ ἔλεγεν εἶναι κατεψεύδετο. γελῶ καὶ τὴν Φερεκύδους γραολογίαν καὶ τοῦ Πυθαγόρου τὴν περὶ τὸ δόγμα κληρονομίαν καὶ τοῦ Πλάτωνος, κἄν τινες μὴ θέλωσι, τὴν περὶ τούτους μίμησιν. τίς γὰρ ἂν ἐπιμαρτυ ρήσαι τῇ Κράτητος κυνογαμίᾳ καὶ οὐ μᾶλλον παραιτησάμενος τὴν ἔντυφον τῶν ὁμοίων αὐτῷ γλωσσομανίαν ἐπὶ τὸ ζητεῖν τὸ κατ' ἀλήθειαν σπουδαῖον τρέψεται; διόπερ μὴ παρασυρέτωσαν ὑμᾶς αἱ τῶν φιλοψόφων καὶ οὐ φιλοσόφων πανηγύρεις, οἵτινες ἐναντία μὲν ἑαυτοῖς δογματίζουσιν, κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἐπελθὸν ἕκαστος ἐκπεφώνηκε. πολλὰ δὲ καὶ παρ' αὐτοῖς ἐστι προσκρούσματα· μισεῖ μὲν γὰρ ἕτερος τὸν ἕτερον, ἀντιδοξοῦσι δὲ ἑαυτοῖς διὰ τὴν ἀλα