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they intended to appropriate it suitably to God, having fittingly adorned it by the exercise of virtues with the divine manifestations.

8. HOW AND HOW MANY MOTIONS OF THE SOUL THERE ARE

How and how many motions of the soul there are. For having been enlightened by grace about the soul as having three universal motions gathered into one—that according to mind, that according to reason, that according to sense: and the one that is simple and ineffable, according to which, moving unknowingly around God, it in no way 1113 knows Him from any of the things that exist on account of His transcendence; and the one that is definitional of the Unknowable according to cause, according to which, moving naturally, it applies to itself through activity (14∆_128> according to knowledge all the natural principles within it which give form to what is known only through cause; and the composite one, according to which, touching external things, as from certain visible symbols, it impresses the principles upon itself—through these, with great genius, according to the true and unerring mode of natural motion, they passed through this present age of struggle, having raised up sense-perception, simplified through the medium of reason, to the mind, possessing only the spiritual principles of perceptible things; and having united reason, in a uniform manner according to a single, simple, and indivisible thought, to the mind which holds the principles of beings; and having brought to God the mind, purely released from motion around all things that exist and at rest even from its own natural activity, by which, having been wholly gathered to God, they, whole, were deemed worthy to be mingled with the whole God through the Spirit, wearing the whole image of the heavenly man, as is possible for human beings, and having drawn so much of the divine manifestation, if it is right to say this, as they themselves were drawn and united to God. For they say that God and man are paradigms for one another, and that to such an extent God becomes human for man through love of humanity, as man was able to deify himself for God through love, and to such an extent man is seized in his mind by God toward the knowable, as man has revealed through the virtues God who is invisible by nature.

By this philosophy therefore, which consists in reason and contemplation, according to which the nature of the body is also of necessity ennobled, having been unerringly wounded with longing for God, the saints, through the natural manifestations of divine things within them, came worthily to God, having athletically traversed body and world, seeing these things contained by one another, the one by nature, the other by sense, and the one falling under the other, by a certain property of alternation of the one to the other, and none of these things according to its own principle being free from limitation, (14∆_130> and considering it shameful to allow the immortal and ever-moving part of the soul to be corrupted by and circumscribed by mortal and limited things, they bound themselves indissolubly to the immortal God alone, who is above all infinity, in no way yielding to the counter-draggings of the world and the flesh, which is the fulfillment of all virtue and knowledge, and I think also the end.

But if ever the saints have been moved concerning the spectacles of things that exist, they have not been moved materially as we are, for the primary purpose of seeing and knowing those very things, but so that they might hymn in many ways God, who is and appears through 1116 all things and in all things, and so that they might gather to themselves much power of wonder and a subject for doxology. For having received from God a soul possessing mind and reason and sense, in addition to the intelligible one, also this perceptible one, just as also, in addition to the inner reason, the expressed reason, and, in addition to the intellective mind, the passive mind (which they also call the imagination of the living being, by which the other animals also both one another and us and

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τῷ Θεῷ πρεπόντως οἰκειῶσαι διενοήθησαν, δι᾿ ἀσκήσεως ἀρετῶν ἐνδεχομένως αὐτήν ταῖς θείαις ἐμφάσεσι καλλωπίσαντες.

Η (8). ΠΩΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΣΑΙ ΚΙΝΗΣΕΙΣ ΕΙΣΙ ΨΥΧΗΣ

Πῶς καί πόσαι κινήσεις εἰσί ψυχῆς. Τρεῖς γάρ καθολικάς κινήσεις ἔχουσαν τήν ψυχήν εἰς μίαν συναγομένας, ὑπό

τῆς χάριτος φωτισθέντες, τήν κατά νοῦν, τήν κατά λόγον, τήν κατά αἴσθησιν, καί τήν μήν ἁπλῆν καί ἀνερμήνευτον, καθ᾿ ἥν ἀγνώστως περί Θεόν κινουμένη κατ᾿ οὐδένα τρόπον 1113 ἐξ οὐδενός τῶν ὄντων αὐτόν διά τήν ὑπεροχήν ἐπιγινώσκει, τήν δέ κατ᾿ αἰτίαν ὁριστικήν τοῦ ἀγνώστου καθ᾿ ἥν φυσικῶς κινουμένη τούς ἐπ᾿ αὐτῇ φυσικούς πάντας λόγους τοῦ κατ᾿ αἰτίαν μόνον ἐγνωσμένου μορφωτικούς ὄντας ἑαυτῇ δι᾿ ἐνεργείας (14∆_128> κατ᾿ ἐπιστήμην ἐπιτίθεται, τήν δέ σύνθετον, καθ᾿ ἥν τῶν ἐκτός ἐφαπτομένη ὡς ἔκ τινων συμβόλων τῶν ὁρατῶν τούς λόγους πρός ἑαυτήν ἀναμμάσσεται, μεγαλοφυῶς διά τούτων κατά τόν ἀληθῆ καί ἄπταιστον τῆς κατά φύσιν κινήσεως τρόπον τόν παρόντα τῶν σκαμμάτων αἰῶνα διέβησαν, τήν μέν αἴσθησιν, ἁπλοῦς διά μέσου τοῦ λόγου πρός τόν νοῦν τούς τῶν αἰσθητῶν πνευματικούς λόγους ἔχουσαν μόνους ἀναβιβάσαντες, τόν δέ λόγον ἑνοειδῶς κατά μίαν ἁπλῆν τε καί ἀδιαίρετον φρόνησιν πρός τόν νοῦν τούς τῶν ὄντων ἔχοντα λόγους ἑνώσαντες, τόν δέ νοῦν τῆς περί τά ὄντα πάντα κινήσεως καθαρῶς ἀπολυθέντα καί αὐτῆς τῆς καθ᾿ αὑτόν φυσικῆς ἐνεργείας ἡρεμοῦντα τῷ Θεῷ προσκομίσαντες, καθ᾿ ὅν ὁλικῶς πρός Θεόν συναχθέντες, ὅλοι ὅλω Θεῷ ἐγκραθῆναι διά τοῦ Πνεύματος ἠξιώθησαν, ὅλην τοῦ ἐπουρανίου κατά τό δυνατόν ἀνθρώποις τήν εἰκόνα φορέσαντες, καί τοσοῦτο ἕλξαντες τῆς θείας ἐμφάσεως, εἰ θέμις τοῦτο εἰπεῖν, ὅσον ἐλχθέντες αὐτοί τῷ Θεῷ συνετέθησαν. Φασί γάρ ἀλλήλων εἶναι παραδείγματα τόν Θεόν καί τόν ἄνθρωπον, καί τοσοῦτον τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τόν Θεόν διά φιλανθρωπίαν ἀνθρωπίζεσθαι, ὅσον ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἑαυτόν τῷ Θεῷ δι᾿ ἀγάπης δυνηθείς ἀπεθέωσε, καί τοσοῦτον ὑπό Θεοῦ τόν ἄνθρωπον κατά νοῦν ἁρπάζεσθαι πρός τό γνωστόν, ὅσον ὁ ἄνθρωπος τόν ἀόρατον φύσει Θεόν διά τῶν ἀρετῶν ἐφανέρωσεν.

Ὑπό ταύτης τοίνυν τῆς κατά λόγον καί θεωρίαν συνισταμένης φιλοσοφίας, καθ᾿ ἥν καί ἡ τοῦ σώματος ἐξ ἀνάγκης εὐγενίζεται φύσις, ἀπλανῶς πρός τόν τοῦ Θεοῦ πόθον τρωθέντες οἱ ἅγιοι διά τῶν ἐνουσῶν αὐτοῖς πρός τά θεῖα φυσικῶν ἐμφάσεων ἀξιοπρεπῶς πρός τόν Θεόν παρεγένοντο, σῶμα καί κόσμον ἀθλητικῶς διασχόντες, ἀλλήλοις ταῦτα περιεχόμενα θεώμενοι, τόν μέν φύσει, τό δέ αἰσθήσει, καί θατέρῳ θάτερον ὑποπίπτον, τῇ κατ᾿ ἐπαλλαγήν θατέρου πρός τό ἕτερον ποιᾷ ἰδιότητι, καί μηδέν τούτων τῷ καθ᾿ ἑαυτόν λόγῳ περιγραφῆς ὑπάρχον ἐλεύθερον, (14∆_130> καί αἰσχρόν ἡγησάμενοι τοῖς θνητοῖς καί περιγραπτοῖς ἐμφθείρεσθαί τε καί περιγράφεσθαι τῆς ψυχῆς ἐᾶν τό ἀθάνατον καί ἀεικίνητον μόνῳ Θεῷ τῷ ἀθανάτῳ καί πάσης ἀπειρίας ἀνωτέρω ἀλύτως ἑαυτούς ἀνέδησαν, οὐδαμῶς ταῖς κόσμου καί σαρκός ἀνθολκαῖς ἐνδίδοντες, ὅπερ ἐστί πάσης ἀρετῆς τε καί γνώσεως πλήρωσις, οἶμαι δέ ὅτι καί τέλος.

Ἀλλά κἄν εἴποτε περί τά τῶν ὄντων θεάματα κεκίνηνται οἱ ἅγιοι, οὐκ ἐπί τῷ αὐτά ἐκεῖνα προηγουμένως θεάσασθαί τε καί γνῶναι καθ' ἡμᾶς ὑλικῶς κεκίνηνται, ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα τόν διά 1116 πάντων καί ἐν πᾶσιν ὄντα τε καί φαινόμενον Θεόν πολυτρόπως ὑμνήσωσι καί πολλήν ἑαυτοῖς συναγείρωσι θαύματος δύναμιν καί δοξολογίας ὑπόθεσιν. Ψυχήν γάρ εἰληφότες παρά Θεοῦ νοῦν καί λόγον καί αἴσθησιν ἔχουσαν πρός τῇ νοητῇ καί ταύτην τήν αἰσθητήν, ὥσπερ καί λόγον πρός τῷ ἐνδιαθέτῳ τόν κατά προφοράν καί νοῦν πρός τῷ νοητῷ τόν παθητικόν (ὅν καί φαντασίαν καλοῦσι τοῦ ζώου, καθ᾿ ὅν καί τά λοιπά ζῶα καί ἄλληλα καί ἡμᾶς καί