Oratoria minora
these things the phalanx-commander more courageous, the leader of the company stronger, the hoplite more ready for the needs of the moment, the one i
This gathering is a symbol of peace, O wise and beloved audience of mine, and, to speak with God, a most accurate stamp of coming peace. But it also h
of the barrier, may he himself also now make peace in our affairs and crush the opposing powers and find a way and a means for the desperate, he who b
through whom corruption has stolen into our souls. But neither are you free from the things of envy for upon your breast and your belly you have walk
None of you is without a share of lily-beds and rose-gardens, nor of other fragrance, what graces would one not enjoy when spring has arrived? But sin
virtues, but these they practiced and pursued, and all, having made the body lean through fasting and having released the soul from the bonds of natur
the heaven, how great, how ever-moving in its revolution, how wonderful in its nature? and the sun, how it is the source of the light here, how it is
is tested by countless signs, but Egypt is punished by darkness and you, the new Israel, have been freed from the clay and the brick-making thence al
has entrusted the rule of all. And having reviewed in his mind everyone, both soldiers and citizens, senators and governors, and all who had gained a
Rejoice and exult at my proclamation which God has shown to be splendid and most illustrious as never another. 6 {1To those who think the philosopher
so as to move the world, not to mention lead it up to heaven, but I am within the great circuit, for these reasons I have not wished to run in the sta
of actions, but you do not act in the proper way, nor do you emulate those ancient orators, Pericles, Cimon, Demosthenes and the others who have under
the pleasure of a matter drawing forth laughter, and the philosopher alone. But here it is the opposite in the case of your creation for you are the
testifying to the sweetness in a philosophical man. And Plato often rebukes Dion for the sullenness and smilelessness of his soul but is not the phil
A second matter is both adorned and set in order. This is the philosophy I too have emulated and if you examine it in one respect, you will count me
are divided into an aristocracy, to be of lesser concern, because it is necessary to adorn the inner nature, while these things superficially beautify
achievements. Aristotle also divided his entire force into cavalry and infantry. and of the infantry, he positioned the light-armed to throw stones an
to judge their customs worthy of comparison to philosophy) those things lift one up above the ether on a whole wing, but this they sink in the sea, ju
dividing and heaping up solids. But I also frequently showed you the images in mirrors and measured their sizes for you optically, having taken their
To those who envied him for the most esteemed honor Neither will an occasion for envy be left for you, nor for me a cause for honor and advancement f
ordained by God. But of the others, some excelled in these things, others in those, and no one in everything, or if anyone did, it was not as I have (
I am called for there are those who give me this name. If, then, I embark on the matter as if it were not permitted or unskillfully, show me this ver
they have imitated my manner for themselves. But look up also to the heavens at night, when all is clear, and see how not all the stars are of equal h
oversights, and the other things of which the tragic daemons are providers for all things are abundant, as if dripping from some spring of evils. The
a more grievous and troublesome evil. How very pleasing to them is the banquet hall. For as if shut up and squeezed together in some narrow place with
he was showing the strength of his words for a prize set before him, but for a matter from which it was not possible to profit from buffoonery and ins
We have known you as one who counterfeits its laws and has not understood even a trace of true wisdom. But O huckster, I have now suddenly changed my
being torn away from the laws as if from your own limbs, and clinging to other limbs whose form you did not know nor whose use you had studied? How th
and thus, having harmonized them with the rules of dialectic, you thence winged your way to theology. But you, as if having passed over the vale of th
For such a thing had happened to these men, and Herodotus indeed mentions the story right at the beginning of the first of the Muses. And if you shoul
sitting on the floor, knowing not even as much as mules. But I fear lest one of those standing by, taking hold of your cloak, might say, Friend, how
He forces the nonsense into truth. Do not, therefore, speak with the man, do not touch him, do not share a table, neither of salt nor of other things,
Taking a Megarian jar firmly in his two hands and raising it with both and fitting it to his lips, he drinks without taking a breath just like the oxe
they judge matters by their own life, but not by the rule of truth. For since these men have hated indifference, and they live like bees arranged unde
as you are writing, standing by your life. But we too shall write against our persecutors. For just as the seemliness of hair pleased you, so the unke
sitting and with his fingers harnessing and re-harnessing horses in the shadows but there, one fighting against contrary winds and quickly backing wa
Geometry, having taken its beginning from bodies, ended in the mind, though its nature is not so. For perception does not know how to beget mind, but
he has set down some introductions to the subject, then, as if out of necessity, he turned his argument to what he wanted. And he has not chosen in an
It is interwoven with its arguments and divided by its complexities and turned back upon itself. But if such styles have been assigned to perfect orat
he puts to sleep. But the others have leaped out from here and there, from the dormouse-holes and from the caves, one a palm-breadth tall, another but
changing the parts, preserves the same idea of the sound. But you must also take care for the art concerning the arrangement of the argument and do n
mysteries, and there they were taught the equality of geometry, and when they needed to philosophize, they went to Egypt, and having chosen to study a
but drawing them upon yourselves whence someone might indict you for sacrilege for having most shamelessly plagiarized things dedicated to divine men
and you are zealous but you render the account for your studies just as one of the necessary debts which some are required to pay even unwillingly. A
The birth-pangs of Plato and Aristotle are a bringing forth, by whom I am both born and fashioned. Do you see how from every side the argument has pro
you render to me. And while I seem to neglect other things, your affair is my pursuit and care whence, staying awake far into the nights, as soon as
to have the contemplation concerning these things, but from our wisdom to know the type and the truth, and to break the letter as if it were a shell,
having done no wrong thus you are elegant and sophistic, or rather powerful men and tyrants, and you dance upon a gentle character. But you are still
to the philosophers the technical matters, to learn the introductions, the proofs, the matters concerning demonstrations, how one reminds, how one pro
they might fit a diatonic melody and arrange the strings for it, do they not play a prelude for it and practice beforehand, not just once, but as many
should I enumerate poets and orators, who treated ancient genealogies with myths, from the very foundation basing their own discourse on myth? How the
quality and draws as much as its appetite desired but if it sees the liquid of the water corrupted, it leaves this spring, and goes to another and se
27 Encomium on the Flea They say ‘the gnat as an elephant.’ And so that our discourse may proceed along its path, let us attempt the flea as a leopard
its begetter for it is precisely black, like an eastern Ethiopian having changed his skin color from sun-burning, and it immediately reveals the heat
grieving. For it has appointed two masters of all things for itself, the sun for its birth, and man for its growth for from the one it has come into
lest it produce apoplexy, nature has cut the skull into various sutures but it also divided the entire bone of the suture with certain small holes, t
the awns guard, so also do the hairs of the louse ward off every attack. And even if the hunt should get close to the skin, it, just as they say spong
So indeed this creature has received its natural power in all the parts of its body. Now, the other beasts, being ambushed from behind, are by nature
from every side, equality bestows youth on nature. For men, when they grow old, and especially those who are graceful and tall in body, are filled wit
He was being plotted against by those revolting within him because of the absence of the regulator and shield-bearer of health and adversary of diseas
This is clear from the fact that it is possible to live without it and be well in the other senses, but the inactivity of these begets sickness and de
shouting like a Bacchant and acclaiming the son of Zeus and Semele. And from where did this good thing come to you, he says, O blessed one? Did you
let your communion with one another not be from habit and the opinion of the many, but let its principle be knowledge, and let the wandering and disor
souls? Far from it. But the body does not work against the spermatic logos (for this reason it is formed according to what that logos wishes), but the
working for just as the most drinkable of waters and the most temperate of airs dispose bodies well and generate a similar disposition, so also the c
But let the one who fails take pride that his brother happens to be better than he. Agesilaus happened to be the first among the Lacedaemonians even b
Let us summarize, by virtue, by reason, and by ancestral goods, using these three things for the best ends, you will be left behind in no part of eter
All things are mixed. But she fails in her plan, as the hero draws his sword against her, whence she almost breathed her last for her form is changed
by reason for see how the limbs have been fitted to nature. or rather, I shall marvel at the artist even from the stone for he did not place the var
being brought up, was he not turned away? Was not the compassionate one pricked to the heart over you? For this reason he shall be un-sacrificed and u
Nothing that exists is above Olympus. and so that I might make the last things of my discourse first, heaven is indeed adorned with stars, but these a
they have been hollowed out spontaneously, he will find how he might live luxuriously. For if he should go under the shade of a tree, immediately soft
pleasing, but all things were full of all things- the first tabernacle, the mercy-seat, the veil, the temple, the side-scenes, the vestibules, the out
discerning that man is an animal, which he did not know, and whatever else belongs to this, lest I make a further example of the foolish, or of the on
Intently and from every side examining subtleties, I was investigating the extensions, the releases, the intonations, the transitions, the displacemen
he has come, nor has he arrived to gather spiritual fruits, but only for the sake of this man whom you see reading with pleasure. For just as one who
Who will relate your magadis upon the breast and the songs and warblings upon your tongue, that all-harmonious melody, the pleasure that knows no sati
and himself, but what kind the others are, I do not know. For I see a form above human nature, and a look in one way cherubic, in another leonine, in
an ineffable sympathy and in turn feels a contrary passion, as the cosmos happens to be one living being, and how Plato, having posited the elements a
I have not heard of him rising up against anyone nor boasting for the whole time, but just as they say that the very learned accuse themselves of a te
to know what sort of thing your grandfather had become in life and what command of language he had. But I shall praise you, not by bringing in falseho
to revel. But whenever your bond was loosened and you shed the swaddling clothes, you did not know what to do with yourself, looking more cheerful, sm
being torn away from the laws as if from your own limbs, and clinging to other limbs whose form you did not know nor whose use you had studied? How then, not having chosen to do this, having suddenly leaped out of your customary tavern-keeping, have you mounted upon the axis of the laws? But coming down from the tribunal to your workshop, you knew what to do with the tools of your trade; for it is not difficult to wash a cup or clean a drinking-vessel and to mix wine and with a few fingers to carry the Thericlean cup well, nor is it very difficult to light a fire and heat a cauldron and use spits and to turn what is being roasted over the fire. But from there, having sat upon the judge's throne and having rested your two feet on the footstool, what solemn things could you belch out? And how would you use the balanced judgments and the legal procedures? What of the laws would you distinguish? What would you analyze? But if you were entrusted to interpret the pronouncements of Themis, if you should give up at once, you are indeed refuted at once; but if, having blushed for a while, you turn your face to the secretary who has immediately handled his reed-pen with its customary ink, will you not be filled with dizziness and vertigo, having the ox of speechlessness sitting on your tongue? And you would not have accepted being a charioteer nor the captain of a ship, things which no one in his right mind would compare to the science of law, but you have mounted the laws so boldly as if you had left them only yesterday or the day before, and then gladly returned. And yet we know that some men from the crossroads, having suddenly mounted a chariot, both took up the reins and drove the horses not without skill, but nevertheless at first they shrank from driving; and someone forced to sit at the stern handled the rudders dexterously, but still he blushed at his first post. But you, just as if you were reaching for your accustomed mixing bowls, so indeed you have confidence in the laws. And an Egyptian man, having been ordered to interpret the Greek language, would have refused and wisely spoken against the command; for how could he have interpreted a language he had never spoken? but you, knowing neither the Greek tongue nor having learned the Egyptian, I do not know whether you have boldly walked from their pipes to the Stoa, or confidently proceeded from our shrines to the Nile. And I would gladly learn from you which of these two arts, tavern-keeping, I say, and the study of law (for let even the menial trade be counted among the arts), is more venerable than the other both in its language and in its form. You will surely, I suppose, grant the first place, unless you are drunk, to the study of law; Then indeed, resorting to the lesser one—and I know you grew old from a boy in this unseemly trade—did your father then, whenever he consecrated you to the cauldron or brought you to the unholy things, immediately order you to pour wine and entrust to you the mixing of the liquids, these things which are the sacred and inmost parts of your venerable art? But how could you have done these things, even if entrusted, since you were before your youth and your age was not yet capable of the greatness of the deeds? So first you lit the cooking pot and gathered the firewood and rinsed out the cup-stand; then do you not blush, if you did not immediately become a tavern-keeper, but first toiled much and slept on a pallet in the outer precincts of the altar, yet when about to minister the sacred rites of the laws you immediately carried the torch and ran straight for the inner sanctuary, neither having been first initiated into the ancient history of the laws nor fully initiated into the wisdom of the Twelve Tables nor having first received the praetorian statutes, but immediately mounting upon the Pandects and the Codices, not so as to receive from others but so as to distribute to others the great ration of legal knowledge? And the wise Plato did not permit those wishing to philosophize to proceed immediately to theology, but first he thoroughly taught his students ethics and from there he sent them on to natural philosophy, and then indeed he opened up to them the entrances of mathematics
τῶν μὲν νόμων ὥσπερ οἰκείων μελῶν ἀποσπώμενος, ἑτέροις δὲ μέλεσι προσκολλώμενος ὧν οὔτε τὴν ἰδέαν ἠπίστασο οὔτε τὴν χρείαν
διεμελέτησας; πῶς οὖν τοῦτο μὴ προῃρη μένος ποιεῖν ἀθρόον τῆς συνήθους ἐκπεπηδηκὼς καπηλείας ἐπὶ τὸν τῶν νόμων ἐπαναβέβηκας
ἄξονα; ἀλλ' ἀπὸ μὲν τοῦ βήματος εἰς ἐργαστήριον κατιὼν εἶχες ὅ τι χρήσαιο τοῖς ὀργάνοις τῆς τέχνης· οὐ γὰρ ἐργῶδες ἔκπωμα
κλύσαι ἢ καθαρίσαι ποτήριον καὶ οἶνον κεράσασθαι καὶ δακτύλοις ὀλίγοις εὖ ἀπενεγκεῖν τὸ Θηρίκλειον, οὐδέ τι παγχάλεπον ὑπανάψαι
πῦρ καὶ λέβητα πυρακτῶσαι καὶ ὀβελοῖς χρήσασθαι καὶ μεταβαλεῖν ὑπὲρ πυρὸς τὸ ὀπτώμενον. ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν δικαστικὸν θρόνον
καθίσας καὶ τὼ πόδε τοῖς σκίμποσιν ἀπερείσας τί ἂν τῶν σεμνῶν ἐρυγγάνοιο; πῶς δ' ἂν χρήσαιο ταῖς ῥοπαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἀγωγαῖς;
τί δὲ διέλῃς τῶν νόμων; τί δ' ἀναλύσεις; εἰ δ' ἐπιτραπείης τὰς τῆς Θέμιδος διαλῦσαι φωνάς, εἰ μὲν αὐτόθεν ἀπαγορεύσεις, αὐτόθεν
δὴ καὶ ἐλήλεγξαι· εἰ δὲ τέως ἐρυθριάσας πρὸς τὸν γραμματέα μεταστρέψεις τὸ πρόσωπον εὐθὺς μετακεχειρισμένον τὴν καλαμίδα μετὰ
τῆς συνήθους βαφῆς, οὐκ ἰλίγγου καὶ σκοτοδίνης πλησθήσῃ βοῦν ἀφωνίας ἐπὶ τῆς γλώττης ἔχων καθήμενον; καὶ ἡνίοχος μὲν οὐκ ἂν
ἐδέξω γενέσθαι οὐδ' ἐπιστάτης νεώς, ἃ μηδ' ἄν τις νοῦν ἔχων πρὸς τὴν νομικὴν ἐπιστήμην συγκρίνοι, τῶν δὲ νόμων οὕτω θαρρούν
τως ἐπεβάτευσας ὡς χθὲς καὶ πρῴην αὐτῶν ἀπολελειμμένος, εἶτα δὴ ἡδέως ἐπανακάμψας. καίτοι γε ἴσμεν ὅτι τινὲς τῶν ἐκ τῶν τριόδων
ἀθρόον ἐπιβεβηκότες τοῦ ἅρματος ἐπεζώσαντό τε τοὺς χαλινοὺς καὶ ἤλασαν τοὺς ἵππους οὐκ ἀφυῶς, ἀλλ' ὅμως πρῶτα πρὸς τὴν ὀχείαν
ἀπώκνησαν· καὶ τὰ πηδάλιά τις ἀπαναγκασθεὶς ἐπὶ τῆς πρύμνης καθίσαι ἐπιδεξίως μετεχει ρίσατο, ἀλλ' οὖν τὴν πρώτην προσεδρείαν
ἐπηρυθρίασε. σὺ δ' ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τοὺς συνήθεις καθικνούμενος κρατῆρας οὕτω δὴ τοὺς νόμους τεθάρρηκας. Καὶ Αἰγύπτιος μέν τις ἀνὴρ
Ἑλληνικὴν ἑρμηνεῦσαι προστεταγμένος φωνὴν ἀπηγόρευσεν ἂν καὶ τῷ προστάγματι σωφρόνως ἀντείρηκε· πῶς γὰρ ἣν οὐκ ἐφθέγξατο πώποτε
ἡρμήνευκεν ἄν; σὺ δέ, οὔτε τὴν Ἑλληνίδα γλῶτταν εἰδὼς οὔτε τὴν Αἰγυπτίαν μεμαθηκώς, οὐκ οἶδα εἴτε ἐκ τῶν παρ' ἐκείνοις συρίγγων
ἐπὶ τὴν Στοὰν θαρρούντως ἐβάδισας εἴτε ἐκ τῶν παρ' ἡμῖν ἀδύτων ἐπὶ τὸν Νεῖλον πεποιθότως ἐχώρησας. ἡδέως δέ σου πυθοίμην ποτέρα
τῶν δυεῖν τούτων τεχνῶν, καπηλείας φημὶ καὶ νομομα θείας (ἀπαριθμείσθω γὰρ καὶ ἡ βαναυσία ταῖς τέχναις), σεμνοτέρα τῆς ἑτέρας
καὶ τῇ φωνῇ καὶ τῷ σχήματι. θήσεις που πάντως τὰ πρωτεῖα, εἰ μὴ μεθύεις, τῇ νομικῇ· εἶτα δὴ προσχωρῶν τῇ ἐλάττονι-οἶδα δὲ
ἐκ τριχὸς τῇ ἀσχήμονι ἐργασίᾳ καταγηράσαντα-ἆρ' οὖν, ὁπότε σε ὁ πατὴρ τῷ λέβητι καθιέρωσεν ἢ τοῖς ἐξαγίοις προσήνεγκεν, εὐθὺς
δὴ καὶ μεταβαλεῖν οἶνον ἐκέλευσε καὶ τὴν μῖξιν ἐπέτρεψε τῶν ὑγρῶν, ταῦτα δὴ τῆς σεμνῆς ὑμῶν τέχνης τὰ ἱερά τε καὶ ἄδυτα; ἀλλὰ
ταῦτα δὴ πῶς ἂν καὶ ἐπεποιήκεις ἐπιτραπείς, πρὸ τῆς ἥβης τε ὢν καὶ οὔπω σοι τῆς ἡλικίας χωρούσης τὰ ὑπερμεγέθη τῶν πράξεων;
ὑπανῆψας οὖν πρῶτον τὸν ἰπνολέβητα καὶ συνήνεγκας τοὺς δαυλοὺς καὶ τὸν κυπελλοδόχον διέκλυσας· εἶτ' οὐκ ἐρυθριᾷς, εἰ κάπηλος
μὲν εὐθὺς οὐκ ἐγεγόνεις, ἀλλὰ προὔκαμές τε πολλὰ καὶ ἐν τοῖς προτεμενίσμασι τοῦ βωμοῦ ἐπὶ χαμεύνης κατέδαρθες, τὰ δὲ τῶν νόμων
ἱερουργεῖν μέλλων αὐτίκα ἐδᾳδούχησας καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ἄδυτα εὐθυδρόμησας, οὔτε τὴν τῶν νόμων ἀρχαιολογίαν προμυηθεὶς οὔτε τὴν τοῦ
∆υοδεκαδέλττου σοφίαν προτελεσθεὶς οὔτε τὰ πραιτώρια προλαβὼν νόμιμα, ἀλλ' εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸν Πανδέκτην ἀναβεβηκὼς καὶ τοὺς Κώδικας,
οὐχ ὥστε παρ' ἑτέρων λαβεῖν ἀλλ' ὥστε ἑτέροις διανεῖμαι τὸ μέγα τῆς νομικῆς σιτηρέσιον; Καὶ ὁ μὲν σοφὸς Πλάτων οὐ συνεχώρει
τοῖς φιλοσοφεῖν ἐθέλουσιν εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὴν θεολογίαν χωρεῖν, ἀλλὰ πρῶτον τὴν ἠθικὴν τοὺς ὁμιλητὰς ἐξεπαίδευε κἀκεῖθεν ἐπὶ τὴν
φυσιολογίαν παρέπεμπεν, εἶτα δὴ τῆς μαθηματικῆς τούτοις τὰς εἰσόδους ἀνεπετάννυε
