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ivory. 39.10 The tenth story is the one concerning Hecate. The Greeks consider Hecate a goddess; and some say she is Artemis, others the Moon, and others a certain unique goddess appearing in some strange phantoms to those who call upon her; but she appears especially to those who curse. Her phantoms appear as dragon-headed people, and excessively tall and excessively large, so as to astound and frighten the onlookers by the mere sight. 39.11 The eleventh story is the one concerning Trophonius. It is found in the works *Against Julian*. And it is this. Trophonius and Agamedes were two brothers, seers by trade. Of these, Trophonius, out of vainglory, buried himself underground so that, having appeared to vanish, he might be thought to have been snatched up to the gods. But having gone underground in a certain cave, he died. Then the gods, taking pity on him, he says, made the place where he died give oracles. And people would go down into the cave and, performing certain rites, they would come up as if they had received an oracle. And it is said that everyone who went down into that cave was thereafter unable to laugh. 39.12 The twelfth story is the one concerning the Dodonian oak. Dodona is a city in old Epirus. In this city was an oak, in which Zeus was said to dwell and to give prophecy to those who desired an oracle. From this oak, certain prophetic movements sounded forth. 39.13 The thirteenth story is the one concerning the Delphic tripod. Delphi is a city of Phocis, and Phocis is a province of Greece. In this Delphi was a temple of Apollo, in which was the Pythia; in it stood the bronze tripod, from which bronze tripod the prophecy was brought forth. For on top of the tripod was a certain bowl in which the prophetic lots leaped and jumped whenever Apollo brought forth the oracle. And it was a tripod for this reason, because the oracle prophesied concerning the three times. For true prophecy speaks about past things, and about present things, and about future things. 39.14 The fourteenth story is the one concerning Castalia. And this is a spring near Antioch over which Apollo presides. In which spring a certain oracle was brought forth by such a flowing of the water, not by a voice. For no voice sounded forth, but simply by some sound and breath being given up and by a flowing, by which some people, standing and understanding these symbols, would speak of future things. 39.15 The fifteenth story is the one concerning the sacrificial prognostication of the Magi. And it is this. The Magi spoke their prognostications through sacrifices, through liver-divination. For when they sacrificed and cut open animals, they would observe certain signs in the sacrificial portions and in the livers and in the other parts, through which they would speak of the things that were going to happen. The Magi are a race of Medes, from whom the liver-diviners came forth. 39.16 The sixteenth story is the one concerning the astronomy of the Chaldeans. The Chaldeans, of whom Zoroaster was the first and after him Ostanes, applied themselves to the celestial movement and said that by such a movement of the heavenly bodies, things concerning those who are born come to pass. From these Chaldeans the Greeks learned astrology, and they began to refer those who are born to the movement of the stars. 39.17 The seventeenth story is the one concerning the Thracian orgies. It is said that the Thracians, first of all men, began to worship and serve a god and to perform rites and to establish mysteries. From these Thracians the name 'worship' for piety towards the divine was heard. And Orpheus is said to be the first of all Thracians to have introduced the rites and the manner of the rites and which rites for which god. And this is the Orpheus who is said to charm even inanimate things with his lyre and to tame wild beasts through the striking of his lyre. 39.18 The eighteenth story is the one concerning the punishments of Mithras. Different people thought different things of Mithras; for some thought him the Sun, others the overseer of fire, and others a certain unique power. And certain rites are performed for this Mithras, especially among the Chaldeans. And those initiated to Mithras were initiated according to a certain grade of punishments. For first they would receive the lighter punishments, and

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ἐλεφάντινον. 39.10 ∆εκάτη ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ περὶ τῆς Ἑκάτης. Τὴν Ἑκάτην θεὸν νομίζουσιν οἱ Ἕλληνες· καὶ οἱ μὲν αὐτὴν λέγουσιν εἶναι τὴν Ἄρτεμιν, οἱ δὲ τὴν Σελήνην, ἄλλοι δὲ ἰδικήν τινα θεὸν ἐν φάσμασί τισιν ἐκτόποις φαινομένην τοῖς ἐπικαλουμένοις αὐτήν· μάλιστα δὲ φαίνεται τοῖς καταρωμένοις. τὰ δὲ φάσματα αὐτῆς δρακοντοκέφαλοι φαίνονται ἄνθρωποι, καὶ ὑπερμήκεις καὶ ὑπερμεγέθεις, ὥστε ἐκ μόνης τῆς θέας καταπλῆξαι καὶ δειματῶσαι τοὺς ὁρῶντας. 39.11 Ἑνδεκάτη ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ περὶ τοῦ Τροφωνίου. κεῖται δὲ ἐν τοῖς κατὰ Ἰουλιανοῦ. ἔστι δὲ αὕτη. Τροφώνιος καὶ Ἀγαμήδης ἀδελφοὶ δύο γεγόνασι, μάντεις τὴν τέχνην. τούτων ὁ Τροφώνιος ὑπὸ κενοδοξίας ἑαυτὸν ὑποβρύχιον κατέχωσεν ἵνα δόξας ἀφανὴς εἶναι νομισθείη ἀναρπασθῆναι εἰς θεούς. ὑποβρύχιος δὲ γεγονὼς ἐν σπηλαίῳ τινὶ ἀπέψυξεν. εἶτα οἱ θεοὶ ἐλεήσαντες, φησίν, αὐτόν, τὸν τόπον ἐν ᾧ ἀπέψυξεν ἐποίησαν μαντεύεσθαι. καὶ κατῄεσαν εἰς τὸ σπήλαιον καί τινας τελετὰς ποιοῦντες ἀνῄεσαν ὡς χρησμῳδηθέντες. λέγεται δὲ ὅτι πᾶς κατελθὼν εἰς τὸ σπήλαιον ἐκεῖνο ἐκ τοῦ λοιποῦ ἀγέλαστος ἦν. 39.12 ∆ωδεκάτη ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ περὶ τῆς ∆ωδωναίας δρυός. Ἡ ∆ωδώνη πόλις ἐστὶ περὶ τὴν παλαιὰν Ἤπειρον. ἐν ταύτῃ ἦν δρῦς, ἐν ᾗ ἐλέγετο ὁ Ζεὺς ἐπισκιάζειν καὶ μαντείαν διδόναι τοῖς χρῄζουσι μαντείας. ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς δρυὸς κινήματά τινα μαντικὰ ἐξηχούμενα. 39.13 Τρισκαιδεκάτη ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ περὶ τοῦ τρίποδος τοῦ ∆ελφικοῦ. ∆ελφοὶ πόλις τῆς Φωκίδος, Φωκὶς δὲ ἐπαρχία τῆς Ἑλλάδος. ἐν τούτοις τοῖς ∆ελφοῖς ἦν ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος, ἐν ᾧ ἦν ἡ Πυθώ, ἐν ᾧ ἵστατο ὁ τρίπους ὁ χαλκοῦς, ἐξ οὗ χαλκοῦ τρίποδος ἡ μαντεία ἐξεφέρετο. ἐπάνω γὰρ τοῦ τρίποδος ἦν τις φιάλη ἐν ᾗ αἱ ψῆφοι αἱ μαντικαὶ ἥλλοντο καὶ ἐπήδων ἡνίκα ὁ Ἀπόλλων τὴν μαντείαν ἐξέφερεν. τρίπους δὲ ἦν διὰ τοῦτο, διὰ τὸ τὴν μαντείαν κατὰ τοὺς τρεῖς χρόνους μαντεύειν. ἡ γὰρ ὄντως μαντικὴ λέγει καὶ περὶ τῶν παρῳχημένων καὶ περὶ τῶν ἐνεστώτων καὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων. 39.14 Τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτη ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ περὶ τῆς Κασταλίας. Ἕστι δὲ αὕτη πηγὴ περὶ τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν ἐν ᾗ ὁ Ἀπόλλων ἐφορεύει. ἐν ᾗ πηγῇ μαντεία τις ἐξεφέρετο κατὰ τὴν τοιάνδε ἐκροὴν τοῦ ὕδατος, οὐ κατὰ φωνήν. οὐ γὰρ φωνή τις ἐξηχεῖτο, ἀλλ' ἁπλῶς ἤχου τινὸς καὶ πνεύματος ἀναδιδομένου καὶ ἐκροῆς, πρὸς ἅ τινες ἱστάμενοι καὶ νοοῦντες τὰ σύμβολα ταῦτα ἔλεγον τὰ μέλλοντα. 39.15 Πεντεκαιδεκάτη ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ περὶ τῆς τῶν Μάγων θυτικῆς προγνώσεως. ἔστι δὲ αὕτη. Οἱ Μάγοι διὰ θυσιῶν ἔλεγον τὰς προγνώσεις, διὰ τῆς ἡπατοσκοπίας. θύοντες γὰρ καὶ ἀνατέμνοντές τινα σημεῖα ἐθεώρουν ἐν τοῖς τομίοις καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἥπασι καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις δι' ὧν ἔλεγον τὰ συμβησόμενα. γένος δὲ Μήδων οἱ Μάγοι, ἐξ ὧν οἱ ἡπατοσκόποι ἐξῆλθον. 39.16 Ἑξκαιδεκάτη ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ περὶ τῆς Χαλδαίων ἀστρονομίας. Οἱ Χαλδαῖοι, ὧν πρῶτος ὁ Ζωροάστρης καὶ μετ' αὐτὸν Ὀστάνης, ἐπέστησαν τῇ οὐρανίᾳ κινήσει καὶ εἶπον ὡς τῇ τοιᾷδε κινήσει τῶν οὐρανίων τὰ περὶ τοὺς τικτομένους συμβαίνει. ἀφ' ὧν Χαλδαίων ἔμαθον Ἕλληνες τὴν ἀστρολογίαν, καὶ τοὺς γεννωμένους ἤρξαντο ὑπὸ τὴν τῶν ἄστρων κίνησιν ἀναφέρειν. 39.17 Ἑπτακαιδεκάτη ἐστιν ἱστορία ἡ περὶ τῶν Θρᾳκίων ὀργίων. Λέγεται ὅτι πρῶτοι πάντων ἀνθρώπων Θρᾷκες ἤρξαντο θρησκεύειν καὶ θεραπεύειν θεὸν καὶ τελετὰς τελεῖν καὶ μυστήρια συγκροτεῖν. ἐξ ὧν Θρᾳκῶν θρησκεύειν ἤκουσεν ἡ περὶ τὸ θεῖον εὐσέβεια. πρότερος δὲ πάντων Θρᾳκῶν Ὀρφεὺς λέγεται εἰσηγήσασθαι τὰς τελετὰς καὶ τὸν τρόπον τῶν τελετῶν καὶ ποίῳ θεῷ ποίας τελετάς. οὗτος δὲ ὁ Ὀρφεύς ἐστιν ὁ λεγόμενος διὰ τῆς λύρας θέλγειν καὶ τὰ ἄψυχα καὶ ἐξημεροῦν τὰ ἄγρια διὰ τῶν κρουσμάτων τῆς λύρας. 39.18 Ὀκτωκαιδεκάτη ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ περὶ τῶν κολάσεων τοῦ Μίθρου. Τὸν Μίθραν ἄλλοι ἄλλως ἐνόμισαν· οἱ μὲν γὰρ τὸν Ἥλιον, οἱ δὲ τὸν ἔφορον τοῦ πυρός, ἄλλοι δὲ ἰδικήν τινα δύναμιν. γίνονται δὲ τούτῳ τῷ Μίθρᾳ τινὲς τελεταὶ καὶ μάλιστα παρὰ Χαλδαίοις. οἱ δὲ τελούμενοι τῷ Μίθρᾳ κατὰ βαθμόν τινα κολάσεων ἐτελοῦντο. πρότερον γὰρ τὰς ἐλαφροτέρας κολάσεις παρελάμβανον, καὶ