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but do it quickly, that is: believe, follow, live according to the |112 a| divine commandments. And he calls it "Galilee of the Gentiles" as foreign nations also dwelt together with the Jews. For this reason he names the inhabitants of that land those walking in darkness and those dwelling in a land of the shadow of death, and he promises the splendor of the divine light. And I think that he also foretells the salvation of the nations; for the apostles, setting out from Galilee, were entrusted with the calling of the nations; for to them the Lord said: "Make disciples of all nations." 2<The> multitude of the people whom you have brought down in your gladness will rejoice before you as those who rejoice in the harvest and in the manner of those who divide the spoils. For since not all enjoyed that ray, but many willingly deprived themselves of the light, these, he says, whom you have drawn through miracles and filled with gladness, will continually enjoy this gladness, imitating reapers and victorious soldiers dividing spoils. And the divine apostles were also called reapers; for he says, "I have sent you to reap that for which you have not labored," and again: "The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few; pray therefore the Lord of the harvest, to send out laborers into his harvest," and elsewhere: "Lift up your eyes and see the fields that they are white for harvest." And having destroyed the tyranny of the devil, he distributed his spoils to the apostles; for he said, "Go and make disciples of all nations." And they rejoice, he says, 3because the yoke that lay upon them has been removed, and the rod that was on their neck. And he calls the lordship of the devil a yoke, and his slavery a rod. And from these things our master Christ has set free those who have believed in him. For he has scattered the rod of the disobedient as in the day of Midian. He calls disobedient not only the demons and their ruler but also those among men who speak against the proclamation. And he destroyed their power through a few men, and those unarmed, just as of old through Gideon and the three hundred torch-bearers he struck down the many thousands of Midian. For just as he destroyed them without weapons, so he changed the whole inhabited world through twelve preachers, and these not armed but wearing a single tunic, unshod, nor commanded to carry a staff. 4Because every garment gathered by deceit and every cloak with exchange they will repay. These same invisible enemies who through deceit stripped man of his former glory and divested him of the garment of the divine image will themselves pay the penalty for what they have dared, and the garment which they took they will repay with exchange. For having delivered the mortal body of the Lord to death, they will give it back immortal; and the deceit, which they used against men, will be turned against their own head. And they will wish that they had been consumed by fire, 5because a child is born to us, and a son is given to us. They are mad, he says, and they rage, and are inflamed with envy when they see our gifts, the child born for us, the only-begotten son of God clothed in human nature and working out our salvation. Whose government was upon his shoulder. For having contended and wrestled, he destroyed the adversary. But Symmachus and Theodotion translated this thus: "And the chastisement will be upon his shoulder." For "the chastisement |112 b| of our peace was upon him," according to the voice of the prophet himself, "and he himself took our iniquities and bore our diseases, and by his stripe we were healed." And he is "the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world" and he himself "has redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us." Rightly, therefore, they said: "The chastisement will be upon his shoulder" or according to Aquila: "The measure was upon his shoulder." For against the sin of Adam he set his own righteousness. But if under a curse

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ἀλλὰ ταχὺ ποίει, τουτέστι· πίστευσον, ἀκολούθησον, κατὰ τὰς |112 a| θείας ἐντολὰς πολιτεύου. Γαλιλαίαν δὲ τῶν ἐθνῶν καλεῖ ὡς καὶ ἀλλοφύλων ἐθνῶν συγκατοικούντων τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν σκότει πορευομένους καὶ σκιᾶς θανάτου χώραν οἰκοῦντας ὀνομάζει τοὺς τῆς χώρας ἐκείνης οἰκήτορας καὶ τοῦ θείου φωτὸς ὑπισχνεῖται τὴν αἴγλην. Οἶμαι δὲ ὅτι καὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν προθεσπίζει τὴν σωτηρίαν· οἱ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ὁρμώμενοι ἀπόστολοι τὴν τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐνεχειρίσθησαν κλῆσιν· αὐτοῖς γὰρ ὁ κύριος ἔφη· «Μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη.» 2<Τὸ> πλεῖστον τοῦ λαοῦ ὃ κατήγαγες ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ σου εὐφρανθήσεται ἐνώπιόν σου ὡς οἱ εὐφραινόμενοι ἐν ἀμήτῳ καὶ ὃν τρόπον οἱ διαιρούμενοι σκῦλα. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐχ ἅπαντες τῆς ἀκτῖνος ἐκείνης ἀπέλαυσαν, ἀλλὰ πολλοὶ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἑκόντες ἐστέρησαν τοῦ φωτός, οὗτοί φησιν, οὓς εἵλκυσας διὰ τῶν θαυμάτων καὶ εὐφροσύνης ἐνέπλησας, διηνεκῶς ταύτης ἀπολαύσονται τῆς εὐφροσύνης θεριστὰς μιμούμενοι καὶ νικηφόρους στρατιώτας σκῦλα διαιρουμένους. Θερισταὶ δὲ προσηγορεύθησαν καὶ οἱ θεῖοι ἀπόστολοι· «Ὑμᾶς» γάρ φησι «θερίζειν ἀπέστειλα εἰς ὃ ὑμεῖς οὐκ ἐκοπιάσατε», καὶ πάλιν· «Ὁ μὲν θερισμὸς πολύς, οἱ δὲ ἐργάται ὀλίγοι· δεήθητε οὖν τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ θερισμοῦ, ἵνα ἐκβάλλῃ ἐργάτας εἰς τὸν θερισμὸν αὐτοῦ», καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ· «Ἐπάρατε τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν καὶ βλέπετε τὰς χώρας ὅτι λευκαί εἰσι πρὸς θερισμόν.» Καὶ τοῦ διαβόλου δὲ καταλύσας τὴν τυραννίδα τὰ τούτου σκῦλα τοῖς ἀποστόλοις διένειμεν· «Πορευθέντες» γὰρ ἔφη «μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη.» Εὐφραίνονται δέ φησι, 3διότι ἀφῄρηται ὁ ζυγὸς ὁ ἐπ' αὐτῶν κείμενος καὶ ἡ ῥάβδος ἡ ἐπὶ τοῦ τραχήλου αὐτῶν. Ζυγὸν δὲ καλεῖ τοῦ διαβόλου τὴν δεσποτείαν καὶ ῥάβδον τὴν ἐκείνου δουλείαν. Τούτων δὲ τοὺς εἰς αὐτὸν πεπιστευκότας ἠλευ θέρωσεν ὁ δεσπότης ἡμῶν Χριστός. Τὴν γὰρ ῥάβδον τῶν ἀπειθούντων διεσκέδασεν ὡς τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἐπὶ Μαδιάμ. Ἀπει θοῦντας καλεῖ οὐ μόνον τοὺς δαίμονας καὶ τὸν ἐκείνων ἄρχοντα ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοὺς ἀντιλέγοντας τῷ κηρύγματι. Τὴν δὲ τούτων δυναστείαν κατέλυσε δι' ὀλίγων τινῶν καὶ τούτων γυμνῶν, καθάπερ πάλαι διὰ τοῦ Γεδεὼν καὶ τῶν τριακοσίων λαμπαδηφόρων τὰς πολλὰς τοῦ Μαδιὰμ κατηκόντισε χιλιάδας. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκείνους ὅπλων δίχα κατέλυσεν, οὕτω τὴν οἰκουμένην ἅπασαν διὰ δυοκαίδεκα κηρύκων μετέβαλε καὶ τούτων οὐχ ὡπλισμένων ἀλλ' ἕνα χιτῶνα ἐνδεδυμένων, ἀνυποδήτων, οὐδὲ ῥάβδον φέρειν κεκελευσμένων. 4Ὅτι πᾶσαν στολὴν ἐπισυνηγμένην δόλῳ καὶ ἱμάτιον μετὰ καταλλαγῆς ἀποτίσουσιν. Οὗτοι δὲ αὐτοὶ οἱ ἀόρατοι δυσμενεῖς οἱ τὸν ἄνθρωπον δι' ἀπάτης γυμνώσαντες τῆς προτέρας δόξης καὶ τῆς θείας εἰκόνος τὴν στολὴν ἀπο δύσαντες αὐτοὶ μὲν δώσουσιν ὧν ἐτόλμησαν δίκας, ἣν δὲ ἔλαβον στολὴν μετὰ καταλλαγῆς ἀποτίσουσιν. Θνητὸν γὰρ τῷ θανάτῳ παραδεδωκότες τοῦ κυρίου τὸ σῶμα ἀθάνατον ἀποδώσουσιν· καὶ ὁ δόλος, ᾧ κατὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐχρήσαντο, κατὰ τῆς αὐτῶν τραπήσεται κεφαλῆς. Καὶ θελή σουσιν εἰ ἐγενήθησαν πυρίκαυστοι, 5ὅτι παιδίον ἐγεννήθη ἡμῖν καὶ υἱὸς ἐδόθη ἡμῖν. Μεμήνασί φησι καὶ λυττῶσι καὶ τῷ φθόνῳ πυρπολοῦνται τὰς ἡμετέρας θεώμενοι δωρεάς, τὸ παιδίον τὸ δι' ἡμᾶς γεννηθέν, τὸν μονογενῆ τοῦ θεοῦ υἱὸν τὴν ἀνθρωπείαν περικείμενον φύσιν καὶ τὴν ἡμετέραν πραγματευόμενον σωτηρίαν. Οὗ ἡ ἀρχὴ ἐγενήθη ἐπὶ τοῦ ὤμου αὐτοῦ. Ἀθλήσας γὰρ καὶ παλαίσας κατέλυσε τὸν ἀντίπαλον. Ὁ δὲ Σύμμαχος καὶ Θεοδοτίων οὕτω τοῦτο ἡρμήνευσαν· «Καὶ ἔσται ἡ παιδεία ἐπὶ τοῦ ὤμου αὐτοῦ.» «Παιδεία» |112 b| γὰρ «εἰρήνης ἡμῶν ἐπ' αὐτόν», κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ προφήτου φωνήν, «καὶ αὐτὸς τὰς ἀνομίας ἡμῶν ἔλαβε καὶ τὰς νόσους ἐβάστασε, καὶ τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς ἰάθημεν.» Καὶ αὐτός ἐστιν «ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ αἴρων τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ κόσμου» καὶ αὐτὸς «ἡμᾶς ἐξηγόρασεν ἐκ τῆς κατάρας τοῦ νόμου γενόμενος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν κατάρα». Εἰκότως τοίνυν ἔφασαν· «Ἔσται ἡ παιδεία ἐπὶ τοῦ ὤμου αὐτοῦ» ἢ κατὰ τὸν Ἀκύλαν· «Ἐγένετο τὸ μέτρον ἐπὶ τοῦ ὤμου αὐτοῦ.» Τῇ γὰρ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ ἀντέταξεν ἁμαρτίᾳ τὴν οἰκείαν δικαιοσύνην. Εἰ δὲ ὑπὸ κατάραν