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of men having been made. But the writers, not understanding these things, want to say the world is spherical and compare it as it were to a cube. How can they claim these things are true, not understanding the creation of the world nor its habitation? As men increased partially and multiplied upon the earth, as we have said before, thus also the islands of the sea and the other regions were inhabited. Who then of the so-called wise men and poets or historians was able to speak the truth about these things, having been born much later and having introduced a multitude of gods, who themselves were born so many years after the cities, and last of all the kings and nations and wars? For it was necessary for them to remember all things, even those that happened before the flood, concerning both the creation of the world and the making of man, and for the prophets among the Egyptians or the Chaldeans and the other writers to relate exactly the events that followed, if indeed they spoke by a divine and pure spirit and announced as true the things spoken through them; and it was necessary for them to foretell not only the things that had happened or were present, but also the things that were coming upon the world. Therefore it is shown that all the rest have been deceived, and that Christians alone have held the truth, we who are taught by the Holy Spirit, who spoke in the holy prophets, and who foretells all things. And for the rest, let it be for you to kindly investigate the things of God, I mean the things spoken through the prophets, so that by comparing what is said by us and what is said by the others, you may be able to find the truth. That the names of the so-called gods are found among them to be the names of men, as we have shown above, we have proved from the very histories which they wrote. And their images are fashioned daily even to this day, idols, the works of men’s hands. And the multitude of foolish men worship these, but they reject the maker and creator of all things and the nourisher of every breath, being persuaded by vain doctrines through the error of a foolish, ancestral opinion. However, God and Father and creator of all things did not abandon humanity, but gave a law and sent holy prophets to announce and to teach the race of men, so that each one of us might become sober and recognize that there is one God; who also taught to abstain from unlawful idolatry and adultery and murder, fornication, theft, avarice, false oath, anger and all licentiousness and impurity, and that whatever a man does not wish to be done to himself, he should not do to another, and thus he who does right may escape the eternal punishments and be counted worthy of eternal life from God. The divine law, therefore, not only forbids the worship of idols,

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τῶν ἀνθρώπων γενομένων. Ταῦτα δὲ μὴ ἐπιστάμενοι οἱ συγγραφεῖς βούλονται τὸν κόσμον σφαιροειδῆ λέγειν καὶ ὡσπερεὶ κύβῳ συγκρίνειν αὐτόν. πῶς δὲ δύνανται ταῦτα ἀληθῆ φάσκειν, μὴ ἐπιστάμενοι τὴν ποίησιν τοῦ κόσμου μήτε τὴν κατοίκησιν αὐτοῦ; πρὸς μέρος αὐξανομένων τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ πληθυνομένων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὡς προειρήκαμεν, οὕτως κατῳκήθησαν καὶ αἱ νῆσοι τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ κλίματα. Τίς οὖν πρὸς ταῦτα ἴσχυσεν τῶν καλουμένων σοφῶν καὶ ποιητῶν ἢ ἱστοριογράφων τὸ ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν πολὺ μεταγενεστέρων αὐτῶν γεγενημένων καὶ πληθὺν θεῶν εἰσαγαγόντων, οἵτινες μετὰ τοσαῦτα ἔτη αὐτοὶ ἐγεννήθησαν τῶν πόλεων, ἔσχατοι καὶ τῶν βασιλέων καὶ ἐθνῶν καὶ πολέμων; ἐχρῆν γὰρ αὐτοὺς μεμνῆσθαι πάντων καὶ τῶν πρὸ κατακλυσμοῦ γεγονότων, περί τε κτίσεως κόσμου καὶ ποιήσεως ἀνθρώπου, τά τε ἑξῆς συμβάντα ἀκριβῶς ἐξειπεῖν τοὺς παρ' Aἰγυπτίοις προφήτας ἢ Χαλδαίους τούς τε ἄλλους συγγραφεῖς, εἴπερ θείῳ καὶ καθαρῷ πνεύματι ἐλάλησαν καὶ τὰ δι' αὐτῶν ·ηθέντα ἀληθῆ ἀνήγγειλαν· καὶ οὐ μόνον τὰ προγενό- μενα ἢ ἐνεστῶτα ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐπερχόμενα τῷ κόσμῳ ἐχρῆν αὐτοὺς προκαταγγεῖλαι. διὸ δείκνυται πάντας τοὺς λοιποὺς πεπλανῆσθαι, μόνους δὲ Χριστιανοὺς τὴν ἀλήθειαν κεχωρηκέναι, οἵτινες ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου διδασκόμεθα, τοῦ λαλήσαντος ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις προφήταις, καὶ τὰ πάντα προκαταγγέλλοντος. Καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἔστω σοι φιλοφρόνως ἐρευνᾶν τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, λέγω δὲ τὰ διὰ τῶν προφητῶν ·ηθέντα, ὅπως συγκρίνας τά τε ὑπὸ ἡμῶν λεγόμενα καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν λοιπῶν δυνήσει εὑρεῖν τὸ ἀληθές. Τὰ μὲν οὖν ὀνόματα τῶν καλουμένων θεῶν ὅτι παρ' αὐτοῖς ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων εὑρίσκεται, καθὼς ἐν τοῖς ἐπάνω ἐδηλώσαμεν, ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν ἱστοριῶν ὧν συνέγραψαν ἀπεδείξαμεν. αἱ δὲ εἰκόνες αὐτῶν τὸ καθ' ἡμέραν ἕως τοῦ δεῦρο ἐκτυποῦνται, εἴδωλα, ἔργα χειρῶν ἀνθρώπων. καὶ τούτοις μὲν λατρεύει τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ματαίων ἀνθρώπων τὸν δὲ ποιητὴν καὶ δημιουργὸν τῶν ὅλων καὶ τροφέα πάσης πνοῆς ἀθετοῦσιν, πειθόμενοι δόγμασιν ματαίοις διὰ πλάνης πατροπαραδότου γνώμης ἀσυνέτου. Ὁ μέντοι γε θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ καὶ κτίστης τῶν ὅλων οὐκ ἐγκατ- έλιπεν τὴν ἀνθρωπότητα, ἀλλὰ ἔδωκεν νόμον καὶ ἔπεμψεν προφήτας ἁγίους πρὸς τὸ καταγγεῖλαι καὶ διδάξαι τὸ γένος τῶν ἀνθρώπων, εἰς τὸ ἕνα ἕκαστον ἡμῶν ἀνανῆψαι καὶ ἐπιγνῶναι ὅτι εἷς ἐστιν θεός· οἳ καὶ ἐδίδαξαν ἀπέχεσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀθεμίτου εἰδωλολατρείας καὶ μοιχείας καὶ φόνου, πορνείας, κλοπῆς, φιλαργυρίας, ὅρκου ψεύδους, ὀργῆς καὶ πάσης ἀσελγείας καὶ ἀκαθαρσίας καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἂν μὴ βούληται ἄνθρωπος ἑαυτῷ γίνεσθαι ἵνα μηδὲ ἄλλῳ ποιῇ, καὶ οὕτως ὁ δικαιοπραγῶν ἐκφύγῃ τὰς αἰωνίους κολάσεις καὶ καταξιωθῇ τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ. Ὁ μὲν οὖν θεῖος νόμος οὐ μόνον κωλύει τὸ εἰδώλοις προσκυνεῖν,