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therefore according to its kind, he says, does the earth bring forth seeds, since often having sown wheat, we harvest this black wheat? But this is not a change to another kind, but, as it were, a certain disease and sickness of the seed. For it did not cease to be wheat, but it was blackened through burning, as it is possible to learn from its very name. For having been scorched by an excess of cold, it changed to another color and taste. And yet again it is said, whenever it finds suitable soil and temperate air, to return to its original form. So that you would find nothing accomplished in what grows contrary to the command. But the so-called darnel, and whatever other bastard seeds are mixed in with the nourishing ones, which Scripture is accustomed to call tares, does not come from the transformation of wheat, but subsisted from its own beginning, having its own kind. Which things fulfill the image of those who counterfeit the Lord’s teachings, and are not genuinely discipled to the word, but have been corrupted by the teaching of the evil one, mingling themselves with the healthy body of the Church, so that they might secretly inflict their own injuries upon the more innocent. And indeed the Lord also compares the perfection of those who have believed in him to the growth of seeds, saying: As when a man casts the seed upon the earth, and sleeps, and rises night and day, and the seed sprouts and grows long, how he does not know. For the earth bears fruit of its own accord: first the blade, then the ear, then the full grain in the ear. Let the earth sprout vegetation. And in an instant of time, the earth, beginning from sprouting, in order to keep the laws of the creator, having gone through every form of growth, immediately brought the sprouts to perfection. And the meadows were deep with an abundance of grass, and the fertile plains, bristling with crops, preserved the image of a swelling sea in the movement of the ears of grain. And every herb and every kind of vegetable, and whatever is among brushwood, and whatever is among legumes, then covered the earth in all abundance. For there was no failure in what was then brought forth, neither from the inexperience of farmers, nor the intemperance of the air, nor any other cause harming what was produced. Nor indeed did the condemnation hinder the abundance of the earth. For these things are older than the sin for which we were condemned, to eat our bread in the sweat of our face. 5.6 But also a fruit tree, he says, bearing fruit, whose seed is in itself according to its kind and according to its likeness upon the earth. At this word all the thickets were growing dense; all trees were springing up, both those naturally rising to the greatest height, firs and cedars, and cypresses and pines; and all the shrubs were immediately leafy and dense; and the so-called garland-plants, both rose-bushes and myrtles and laurels, all in a single instant of time, not previously existing above the earth, came into being, each with its own property, separated from other kinds by the most distinct differences, and each recognized by its own character. Except that the rose at that time was without thorns; but later the thorn was joined to the beauty of the flower, so that close to the pleasure of enjoyment we might have the accompanying pain, being reminded of the sin for which the earth was condemned to bring forth thorns and thistles for us. But it was commanded, he says, for the earth to produce a fruit tree, bearing fruit upon the earth, whose seed is in itself; but we see many of the trees possessing neither fruit nor seed. What then shall we say? That the more valuable things by nature have obtained a primary mention; then, that to one considering accurately all will appear either to possess seed, or to have what is equivalent to seeds. For black poplars, and willows, and elms, and white poplars, and such like, seem to bear no fruit openly, but one examining closely would find that each of these has a seed. For the

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οὖν κατὰ γένος, φησὶν, ἡ γῆ προφέρει τὰ σπέρματα, ὁπότε σῖτον πολλάκις καταβαλόντες, τὸν μέλανα τοῦτον πυρὸν συγκομίζομεν; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο οὐχὶ πρὸς ἕτερον γένος ἐστὶ μεταβολὴ, ἀλλ' οἱονεὶ νόσος τις καὶ ἀρρωστία τοῦ σπέρματος. Οὐ γὰρ ἀπέθετο τὸ εἶναι σῖτος, ἀλλ' ἐμελάνθη διὰ τῆς καύσεως, ὡς καὶ ἐξ αὐτῆς ἐστι τῆς προσηγορίας μαθεῖν. Τῇ ὑπερβολῇ γὰρ τοῦ κρύους ὑπερκαεὶς, πρὸς ἑτέραν καὶ χρόαν καὶ γεῦσιν μετέπεσεν. Καὶ μέντοι καὶ πάλιν λέγεται, ἐπειδὰν γῆς ἐπιτηδείας καὶ ἀέρων εὐκράτων λάβηται, πρὸς τὸ ἀρχαῖον εἶδος ἐπανιέναι. Ὥστε οὐδὲν παρὰ τὸ πρόσταγμα εὕροις ἂν ἐν τοῖς φυομένοις ἐπιτελούμενον. Ἡ δὲ λεγομένη αἶρα, καὶ ὅσα λοιπὰ νόθα σπέρματα τοῖς τροφίμοις ἐγκαταμέμικται, ἅπερ ζιζάνια προσαγορεύειν σύνηθες τῇ Γραφῇ, οὐκ ἐκ τῆς τοῦ σίτου μεταβολῆς γίνεται, ἀλλ' ἐξ οἰκείας ἀρχῆς ὑπέστη, ἴδιον ἔχοντα γένος. Ἅπερ τὴν εἰκόνα πληροῖ τῶν παραχαρασσόντων τὰ τοῦ Κυρίου διδάγματα, καὶ μὴ γνησίως μαθητευομένων τῷ λόγῳ, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς τοῦ πονηροῦ διδασκαλίας διεφθαρμένων, καταμιγνύντων δὲ ἑαυτοὺς τῷ ὑγιαίνοντι σώματι τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, ἵν' ἐκ τοῦ ἀφανοῦς τὰς παρ' ἑαυτῶν βλάβας τοῖς ἀκεραιοτέροις ἐμβάλωσιν. Ἤδη δὲ ὁ Κύριος καὶ τὴν τελείωσιν τῶν εἰς αὐτὸν πεπιστευκότων τῇ τῶν σπερμάτων αὐξήσει παρεικάζει, λέγων· Ὡς ὅταν ἄνθρωπος βάλῃ τὸν σπόρον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ καθεύδῃ, καὶ ἐγείρηται νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν, καὶ ὁ σπόρος ἐγείρηται, καὶ μηκύνηται, ὡς οὐκ οἶδεν αὐτός. Αὐτομάτη γὰρ ἡ γῆ καρποφορεῖ πρῶτον χόρτον, εἶτα στάχυν, εἶτα πλήρη σῖτον ἐν τῷ στάχυϊ. Βλαστησάτω ἡ γῆ βοτάνην. Καὶ ἐν ἀκαριαίᾳ χρόνου ῥοπῇ ἀπὸ τῆς βλαστήσεως ἀρξαμένη ἡ γῆ, ἵνα φυλάξῃ τοὺς νόμους τοῦ κτίσαντος, πᾶσαν ἰδέαν αὐξήσεως διεξελθοῦσα, εὐθὺς πρὸς τὸ τέλειον ἤγαγε τὰ βλαστήματα. Καὶ λειμῶνες μὲν ἦσαν βαθεῖς τῇ ἀφθονίᾳ τοῦ χόρτου, τῶν δὲ πεδίων τὰ εὔκαρπα φρίσσοντα τοῖς ληΐοις, εἰκόνα πελάγους κυμαίνοντος ἐν τῇ κινήσει τῶν ἀσταχύων ἀπέσωζε. Πᾶσα δὲ βοτάνη καὶ πᾶν λαχανηρὸν γένος, καὶ εἴ τι ἐν φρυγάνοις, καὶ εἴ τι ἐν ὀσπρίοις, κατὰ πᾶσαν ἀφθονίαν τότε τῆς γῆς ὑπερεῖχεν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀπότευγμά τι ἦν ἐν τοῖς τότε προβληθεῖ σιν, οὔτε γεωργῶν ἀπειρίας, οὔτε ἀέρων δυσκρασίας, οὔτε τινὸς ἄλλης αἰτίας τοῖς γινομένοις λυμαινομένης. Οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ἡ καταδίκη ἐνεπόδιζε τῇ εὐθηνίᾳ τῆς γῆς. Πρεσβύτερα γὰρ ταῦτα τῆς ἁμαρτίας δι' ἣν κατεκρίθημεν, ἐν ἱδρῶτι τοῦ προσώπου ἡμῶν ἐσθίειν τὸν ἄρτον. 5.6 Ἀλλὰ Καὶ ξύλον κάρπιμον, φησὶ, ποιοῦν καρπὸν, οὗ τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ κατὰ γένος καὶ καθ' ὁμοιότητα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. Ἐπὶ τούτῳ τῷ ῥήματι πᾶσαι μὲν λόχμαι κατεπυκνοῦντο· πάντα δὲ ἀνέτρεχε δένδρα, τά τε πρὸς μήκιστον ὕψος διανίστασθαι πεφυκότα, ἐλάται καὶ κέδροι, καὶ κυπάρισσοι καὶ πεῦκαι· πάντες δὲ θάμνοι εὐθὺς ἦσαν ἀμφίκομοι καὶ δασεῖς· καὶ τὰ στεφανωματικὰ λεγόμενα τῶν φυτῶν, αἵ τε ῥωδωνιαὶ καὶ μυρσίναι καὶ δάφναι, πάντα ἐν μιᾷ καιροῦ ῥοπῇ, οὐκ ὄντα πρότερον ὑπὲρ τῆς γῆς, εἰς τὸ εἶναι παρῆλθε, μετὰ τῆς οἰκείας ἕκαστον ἰδιότητος, ἐναρ γεστάταις μὲν διαφοραῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἑτερογενῶν χωριζόμενον, οἰκείῳ δὲ ἕκαστον γνωριζόμενον χαρακτῆρι. Πλήν γε ὅτι τὸ ῥόδον τότε ἄνευ ἀκάνθης ἦν, ὕστερον δὲ τῷ κάλλει τοῦ ἄνθους ἡ ἄκανθα παρεζεύχθη, ἵνα τῷ τερπνῷ τῆς ἀπολαύσεως ἐγγύθεν ἔχωμεν παρακειμένην τὴν λύπην, μεμνημένοι τῆς ἁμαρτίας, δι' ἣν ἀκάνθας καὶ τριβόλους ἡμῖν ἀνατέλλειν κατεδικάσθη ἡ γῆ. Ἀλλὰ προσετάχθη, φησὶ, Ξύλον κάρπιμον, ποιοῦν καρπὸν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, οὗ τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ, ἐκδοῦναι ἡ γῆ· πολλὰ δὲ τῶν δένδρων ὁρῶμεν οὔτε καρποῖς οὔτε σπέρματι κεχρημένα. Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν; Ὅτι τὰ τιμιώτερα τῇ φύσει προηγουμένης τῆς μνήμης τετύχηκεν· ἔπειτα, ὅτι ἀκριβῶς θεωροῦντι καὶ πάντα φανήσεται ἢ σπέρματι κεχρημένα, ἢ τὰ ἰσοδυναμοῦντα τοῖς σπέρμασιν ἔχοντα. Αἴγειροι γὰρ, καὶ ἰτέαι, καὶ πτελέαι, καὶ λεῦκαι, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα, καρπὸν μὲν οὐδένα δοκεῖ φέρειν ἐκ τοῦ προδήλου, σπέρμα δὲ ἕκαστον τούτων ἔχον ἀκριβῶς ἄν τις ἐξετάζων ἐξεύροι. Ὁ γὰρ