TO THE FELLOW PRESBYTER TIMOTHY, DIONYSIUS

 being illuminated super-cosmically by them for the hymns of the Godhead and being conformed to the sacred hymnologies, so as to see the divine lights

 For all knowledges are of things that are and have their limit in things that are, but It is beyond all essence and is removed from all knowledge. <5>

 <7> Thus, therefore, to the Cause of all and which is above all, both the nameless will apply and all the names of the things that are, so that it may

 the Father raises the dead and gives them life, so also the Son gives life to whom he will, and that It is the Spirit that gives life? That the ent

 to the one-principled Trinity also is common the super-essential existence, the super-divine divinity, the super-good goodness, the identity beyond al

 has partaken of the Word, unless someone might say according to the good-pleasing and man-loving common will and according to all the transcendent and

 Jesus, he says in his compiled Theological Outlines: <10> The all-causing and fulfilling Godhead of the Son, which preserves the parts in harmony with

 <III.> <1> And first, if you please, let us investigate the name Good, which reveals the whole procession of God's emanations, invoking the Good-Pri

 to the hierarchs, when we too, as you know, both yourself and many of our sacred brethren, had gathered for the sight of the life-originating and God-

 communions, the unconfused distinctions, the powers of the subordinate that lead up to the superior, the providences of the senior for the secondary,

 moves and nourishes and increases and perfects and purifies and renews. And light is the measure and number of hours, of days, and of all our time. Fo

 impartations and as calling all things to itself, whence it is also called Beauty, and as gathering all in all into one, and Beautiful as being All-Be

 the beautiful and the good is that which is beyond all rest and motion. Wherefore every rest and motion and that from which and in which and to which

 <12> And yet it has seemed to some of our sacred writers that the name 'eros' is even more divine than that of 'agape'. And the divine Ignatius also w

 an eternal circle through the Good, from the Good and in the Good and to the Good, moving about in an unerring convolution and in the same and accordi

 Whence then is evil? one might say. For if evil does not exist, virtue and vice are the same thing, and the whole is the same as the whole, and the pa

 irrational desire, in this it neither exists nor desires existing things, but it nevertheless partakes of the good by virtue of the faint echo itself

 simply nor in respect to time. <22> But neither is evil in angels. For if the good-like angel proclaims the divine goodness, being secondarily by part

 <24> But would someone say that souls are evil? If, because they associate with evil things providentially and for salvation, this is not evil, but go

 <30> To speak concisely The good is from one and the whole cause, but the evil from many and partial deficiencies. God knows evil, insofar as it is g

 goodnesses. <34> Therefore evil is not a being, nor is evil in beings. For evil, as evil, is nowhere. And the coming-to-be of evil is not according to

 manifestation of the all-perfect providence of the one God, and those of the more universal and the more particular things of the same. <3> And yet on

 <6> Therefore, the Essential Super-Goodness, putting forth the first gift, that of being itself, is praised by the first and most ancient of participa

 For if our sun, although the substances and qualities of sensible things are many and various, yet it, being one and shining a uniform light, renews a

 godlike and unchangeable immortality and the unwavering and unswerving perpetual motion, extending through an abundance of goodness even to the life o

 and is the cause of being of Wisdom itself, both of the whole and of each particular. <2> From it the intelligible and intellectual powers of the ange

 the cause of all things. Therefore God is known both in all things and apart from all things. And God is known through knowledge and through unknowing

 to be power-in-itself, both by being beyond-power and by bringing forth other powers, infinitely many times the infinite number of existing powers, an

 of the age, as having fallen away from none of the things that are, but rather both surpassing and pre-eminent over all beings according to a supra-es

 is defined and all inequality, which is a privation of the equality in each of them, is banished. For if anyone were to take inequality to mean the di

 We said the neck was opinion, as between the rational and irrational the breast, spirit the belly, desire the legs and feet, nature, using the name

 the return to him of those who have proceeded from him. <10> But if one should take the divine name 'Same' from the Oracles, or 'Justice,' in the sens

 beings, inasmuch as He is both before eternity and above eternity and His kingdom is a kingdom of all the ages. Amen. <ΧI.> <1> Come now, let us c

 and would never willingly wish to be at rest. And if he who says these things says that otherness and distinction are the particularity of each of the

 self-deification, of which beings, partaking according to their own nature, both are and live and are divine, and are and are called, and the others l

 It is therefore Perfect not only as being self-complete and defined in itself by itself in a single form and most perfect whole through whole, but als

 And not even the name of Goodness do we offer to It as being applicable, but from a yearning to conceive and speak something about that ineffable Natu

of the age, as having fallen away from none of the things that are, but rather both surpassing and pre-eminent over all beings according to a supra-essential power, and having gifted to all beings the power to be and to be this particular thing by an abundance of surpassing power in an ungrudging outpouring. <7> And again God is hymned as "Justice" as assigning to all things what is due to them according to merit, and defining for each due measure and beauty and good order and arrangement and all distributions and orders according to the truly existing and most just limit, and being the cause of the proper activity of each and all. For divine justice orders and defines all things, and preserving all things unmixed and unconfused from all things, it gives to all beings what is proper to each according to the merit that befits each of the beings. And if we say these things correctly, those who revile the divine justice are unconsciously condemning themselves of a manifest injustice, for they say that immortality ought to belong to mortals, and perfection to the imperfect, and the necessity of being moved by another to the self-moved, and identity to the alterable, and perfect powers to the weak, and for temporal things to be eternal, and for things moved by nature to be unchangeable, and temporary pleasures to be everlasting, and, in a word, they assign the properties of some things to others. It is necessary to know that divine justice is in this truly true justice, that it assigns to all things their own properties according to the merit of each of the beings, and preserves the nature of each in its own proper order and power. <8> But someone might say: It is not of justice to leave holy men unaided while being worn down by the wicked. To whom it must be said: That if those whom you call holy love the things on earth that are coveted by the worldly, they have surely fallen away from divine love, and I do not know how they could be called holy, wronging the things that are truly lovely and divine with things unenviable and unlovely, which are unholily preferred by them. But if they love the things that truly are, those who desire certain things ought to rejoice whenever they attain the objects of their desire. Or do they not then draw nearer to the angelic virtues, when, as far as possible, with desire for divine things, they withdraw from attachment to material things, being trained for this very manfully in the trials for the sake of the good? So that it is true to say, that this is rather the property of divine justice: not to charm away and destroy the manliness of the best men with distributions of material things, nor, if anyone should attempt to do this, to leave them unaided, but to establish them in the good and steadfast position, and to assign to them, being such, what is according to their merit. <9> This divine justice, then, is also hymned as the salvation of all things, preserving and keeping the proper and pure substance and order of each thing from all others, and being purely the cause of the proper activity in all things. But if someone should hymn salvation also as that which salvifically snatches all things from what is worse, we shall surely also accept this singer of hymns of manifold salvation, and we shall deem it right for him to define this as the first salvation of all things, which preserves all things in themselves unchangeable and stable and not inclining to the worse, and guards all things from conflict and war, each being ordered by its own principles, and banishing all inequality and interference with others' functions from all things, and establishing the proportions of each thing so that they cannot fall away to their opposites or depart. Since someone might not inappropriately hymn this salvation of sacred theology as redeeming all beings by the salvific goodness of all things from the falling away from their own proper goods, insofar as the nature of each of the saved admits. Therefore the theologians also name it "redemption," both inasmuch as it does not allow the things that truly are to fall away into non-being, and inasmuch as, if anything should slip away toward the defective and disordered and suffer some diminution of the perfection of its own proper goods, it redeems this also from passion and inactivity and privation, filling up what is lacking, and paternally supporting its weakness, and raising it up from evil, or rather, establishing it in the good, and replenishing the diminished good, and ordering and arranging its disorder and lack of comeliness, and making it whole, and delivering it from all things that have been maimed. But concerning these things and concerning justice enough has been said, according to which the equality of all things is measured and

αἰῶνος, ὡς κατ' οὐδὲν τῶν ὄντων ἐκπεπτωκότα, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ὑπερέχοντα καὶ προέχοντα πάντα τὰ ὄντα κατὰ δύναμιν ὑπερούσιον καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς οὖσι τὸ δύνασθαι εἶναι καὶ τόδε εἶναι κατὰ περιουσίαν ὑπερβαλλούσης δυνάμεως ἀφθόνῳ χύσει δεδωρημένον. <7> «∆ικαιοσύνη» δὲ αὖθις ὁ θεὸς ὡς πᾶσι τὰ κατ' ἀξίαν ἀπονέμων ὑμνεῖται καὶ εὐμετρίαν καὶ κάλλος καὶ εὐταξίαν καὶ διακόσμησιν καὶ πάσας διανομὰς καὶ τάξεις ἀφορίζων ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὸν ὄντως ὄντα δικαιότατον ὅρον καὶ πᾶσι τῆς αὐτῶν ἑκάστων αὐτοπραγίας αἴτιος ὤν. Πάντα γὰρ ἡ θεία δικαιοσύνη τάττει καὶ ὁροθετεῖ καὶ πάντα ἀπὸ πάντων ἀμιγῆ καὶ ἀσύμφυρτα διασώζουσα τὰ ἑκάστῳ προσήκοντα πᾶσι τοῖς οὖσι δωρεῖται κατὰ τὴν ἑκάστῳ τῶν ὄντων ἐπιβάλλουσαν ἀξίαν. Καὶ εἰ ταῦτα ὀρθῶς φαμεν, ὅσοι τῇ θείᾳ διαλοιδοροῦνται δικαιοσύνῃ, λανθάνουσιν ἑαυτῶν ἀδικίαν ἐναργῆ καταψηφιζόμενοι, φασὶ γὰρ ὀφείλειν ἐνεῖναι τοῖς θνητοῖς τὴν ἀθανασίαν καὶ τοῖς ἀτελέσι τὸ τέλειον καὶ τοῖς αὐτοκινήτοις τὴν ἑτεροκίνητον ἀνάγκην καὶ τοῖς ἀλλοιωτοῖς τὴν ταὐτότητα καὶ τὰ τελειοδύναμα τοῖς ἀσθενέσι καὶ ἀΐδια εἶναι τὰ ἔγχρονα καὶ ἀμετάβολα τὰ φύσει κινούμενα καὶ τὰς ἐπικαίρους ἡδονὰς αἰωνίας, καὶ ὅλως τὰ ἄλλων ἄλλοις ἀποδιδόασιν. ∆έον εἰδέναι τὴν θείαν δικαιοσύνην ἐν τούτῳ ὄντως οὖσαν ἀληθῆ δικαιοσύνην, ὅτι πᾶσιν ἀπονέμει τὰ οἰκεῖα κατὰ τὴν ἑκάστου τῶν ὄντων ἀξίαν καὶ τὴν ἑκάστου φύσιν ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκείας διασώζει τάξεως καὶ δυνάμεως. <8> Ἀλλ' εἴποι ἄν τις· Oὐκ ἔστι δικαιοσύνης ἄνδρας ὁσίους ἐᾶν ἀβοηθήτους ὑπὸ τῶν φαύλων ἐκτρυχομένους. Πρὸς ὃν ῥητέον· Ὡς εἰ μὲν ἀγαπῶσιν, οὓς φῂς ὁσίους, τὰ ἐπὶ γῆς ὑπὸ τῶν προσύλων ζηλούμενα, τοῦ θείου πάντως ἐκπεπτώκασιν ἔρωτος, καὶ οὐκ οἶδα, ὅπως ὅσιοι κληθεῖεν ἂν ἀδικοῦντες τὰ ὄντως ἐραστὰ καὶ θεῖα τοῖς ἀζηλώτοις καὶ ἀνεράστοις ὑπ' αὐτῶν οὐκ εὐαγῶς παρευδοκιμούμενα. Eἰ δὲ τῶν ὄντως ὄντων ἐρῶσιν, εὐφραίνεσθαι χρὴ τοὺς τινῶν ἐφιεμένους, ἡνίκα τῶν ἐφετῶν τυγχάνωσιν. Ἢ οὐχὶ τότε μᾶλλον πλησιάζουσι ταῖς ἀγγελικαῖς ἀρεταῖς, ὅταν, ὡς δυνατόν, ἐφέσει τῶν θείων ἀναχωροῦσι τῆς τῶν ὑλικῶν προσπαθείας ἐγγυμναζόμενοι πρὸς τοῦτο λίαν ἀνδρικῶς ἐν ταῖς ὑπὲρ τοῦ καλοῦ περιστάσεσιν; Ὥστε ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν, ὅτι τοῦτο μᾶλλόν ἐστι τῆς θείας δικαιοσύνης ἴδιον τὸ μὴ θέλγειν καὶ ἀπολλύειν τῶν ἀρίστων τὴν ἀῤῥενότητα ταῖς τῶν ὑλικῶν διαδόσεσι, μηδέ, εἴ τις ἐπιχειροίη τοῦτο ποιεῖν, ἐᾶν ἀβοηθήτους, ἀλλ' ἐνιδρύειν αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ καλῇ καὶ ἀμειλίκτῳ στάσει καὶ ἀπονέμειν αὐτοῖς τοιούτοις οὖσι τὰ κατ' ἀξίαν. <9> Aὕτη γοῦν ἡ θεία δικαιοσύνη καὶ σωτηρία τῶν ὅλων ὑμνεῖται τὴν ἰδίαν ἑκάστου καὶ καθαρὰν ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων οὐσίαν καὶ τάξιν ἀποσώζουσα καὶ φυλάττουσα καὶ αἰτία καθαρῶς οὖσα τῆς ἐν τοῖς ὅλοις ἰδιοπραγίας. Eἰ δέ τις τὴν σωτηρίαν ὑμνοίη καὶ ὡς ἐκ τῶν χειρόνων τὰ ὅλα σωστικῶς ἀναρπάζουσαν, πάντως που καὶ τοῦτον ἡμεῖς τὸν ὑμνῳδὸν τῆς παντοδαπῆς σωτηρίας ἀποδεξόμεθα καὶ ταύτην δὲ καὶ πρώτην σωτηρίαν τῶν ὅλων ἀξιώσομεν αὐτὸν ὁρίζεσθαι τὴν πάντα ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν ἀμετάβλητα καὶ ἀστασίαστα καὶ ἀῤῥεπῆ πρὸς τὰ χείρω διασώζουσαν καὶ πάντα φρουροῦσαν ἄμαχα καὶ ἀπολέμητα τοῖς ἑαυτῶν ἕκαστα λόγοις διακοσμούμενα καὶ πᾶσαν ἀνισότητα καὶ ἀλλοτριοπραγίαν ἐκ τῶν ὅλων ἐξορίζουσαν καὶ τὰς ἀναλογίας ἑκάστου συνιστάνουσαν ἀμεταπτώτους εἰς τὰ ἐναντία καὶ ἀμεταχωρήτους. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ταύτην τὴν σωτηρίαν οὐκ ἀπὸ σκοποῦ τις ὑμνήσοι τῆς ἱερᾶς θεολογίας ὡς πάντα τὰ ὄντα τῇ σωστικῇ τῶν πάντων ἀγαθότητι τῆς τῶν οἰκείων ἀγαθῶν ἀποπτώσεως ἀπολυτρουμένην, καθ' ὅσον ἡ ἐκάστου τῶν σωζομένων ἐπιδέχεται φύσις. ∆ιὸ καὶ «ἀπολύτρωσιν» αὐτὴν ὀνομάζουσιν οἱ θεολόγοι, καὶ καθ' ὅσον οὐκ ἐᾷ τὰ ὄντως ὄντα πρὸς τὸ μὴ εἶναι διαπεσεῖν καὶ καθ' ὅσον, εἰ καί τι πρὸς τὸ πλημμελὲς καὶ ἄτακτον ἀποσφαλείη καὶ μείωσίν τινα πάθοι τῆς τῶν οἰκείων ἀγαθῶν τελειότητος, καὶ τοῦτο τοῦ πάθους καὶ τῆς ἀδρανείας καὶ τῆς στερήσεως ἀπολυτροῦται πληροῦσα τὸ ἐνδεὲς καὶ πατρικῶς τὴν ἀτονίαν ὑπερείδουσα καὶ ἀνιστῶσα τοῦ κακοῦ, μᾶλλον δὲ ἱστῶσα ἐν τῷ καλῷ καὶ τὸ ὑπεκρυὲν ἀγαθὸν ἀναπληροῦσα καὶ τάττουσα καὶ κοσμοῦσα τὴν ἀταξίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀκοσμίαν καὶ ὁλόκληρον ἀποτελοῦσα καὶ πάντων ἀπολύουσα τῶν λελωβημένων. Ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τούτων καὶ περὶ δικαιοσύνης εἴρηται, καθ' ἣν ἡ πάντων ἰσότης μετρεῖται καὶ