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that as they were crowded together, thirty thousand Jews died, having been trampled by one another, and the feast became a time of mourning for the whole nation, and of lamentation for every 2.19.2 household. And these things Josephus reports word for word. And Claudius appointed Agrippa, the son of Agrippa, king of the Jews, having sent out Felix as procurator of the entire region of both Samaria and Galilee and also of what is called Perea; and having himself administered the government for thirteen years and eight months, leaving Nero as successor to the rule, he died. 2.20.1 And in the time of Nero, when Felix was procurator of Judea, Josephus again in the same words describes the strife of the priests against one another thus in the twentieth book of the Antiquities: 2.20.2 "A strife also broke out between the chief priests and the priests and the leaders of the people of Jerusalem, and each of them, having formed for himself a band of the most audacious and revolutionary men, was their leader, and clashing together they both reviled one another and threw stones. But there was not one to rebuke them, but 2.20.3 as in a city without a leader these things were done with impunity. Such shamelessness and audacity seized the chief priests, that they dared to send out slaves to the threshing-floors to take the tithes that were due to the priests. And it happened that the priests who were in want were seen perishing from need. Thus the violence of the seditious prevailed over all justice." 2.20.4 Again the same writer records that at the same time a certain kind of robbers sprang up in Jerusalem, who, in the daytime, as he says, and in the middle of the city, murdered those they met, 2.20.5 for especially at the feasts, mingling with the crowd and concealing small daggers under their garments, with these they would stab their opponents. Then when they had fallen, the very ones who had murdered them would become part of the indignant crowd. Therefore, on account of their credibility, they became altogether undiscoverable. First, then, Jonathan the high priest was slain by them, and after him many were killed every day, and the fear of these calamities was more grievous, 2.20.6 each one, as in war, expecting death at any hour. 2.21.1 Next to these things he adds after other matters, saying: "But the Egyptian false prophet afflicted the Jews with a greater blow than these. For a man who was a magician came into the country and gained for himself the credit of a prophet, and he gathered about thirty thousand of those who had been deceived, and leading them around from the wilderness to the mountain called the Mount of Olives, from there he was able to force his way into Jerusalem and, having overpowered the Roman garrison and the people, to rule tyrannically, using as bodyguards those who had burst in with him. But Felix anticipated his attack, meeting him 2.21.2 with Roman soldiers, and all the people joined in the defense, so that when battle was joined, the Egyptian fled with a few, but most of those with him were destroyed or taken captive." 2.21.3 These things Josephus relates in the second book of his Histories. It is worthwhile to pay attention to what has been declared here concerning the Egyptian and to what is in the Acts of the Apostles, where, in the time of Felix, it was said to Paul by the tribune in Jerusalem, when the multitude of the Jews was rioting against him: "Are you not then the Egyptian who before these days stirred up a revolt and led the four thousand men of the Sicarii out into the wilderness?" But such were the events in the time of Felix. 2.22.1 Festus was sent by Nero as his successor, under whom Paul, after making his defense, was taken as a prisoner to Rome. Aristarchus was with him, whom he also fittingly calls his fellow-prisoner somewhere in the epistles. And Luke, who also committed the Acts of the Apostles to writing, ended his history at this point, having noted that Paul spent two whole years at Rome in freedom and 2.22.2 preached the word of God without hindrance. Then, therefore, after making his defense, again to the ministry of preaching

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συνωθουμένων τρεῖς μυριάδας Ἰουδαίων ἀποθανεῖν πρὸς ἀλλήλων καταπατηθέντων, γενέσθαι τε τὴν ἑορτὴν πένθος μὲν ὅλῳ τῷ ἔθνει, θρῆνον δὲ καθ' 2.19.2 ἑκάστην οἰκίαν. καὶ ταῦτα δὲ κατὰ λέξιν ὁ Ἰώσηπος. Κλαύδιος δὲ Ἀγρίππαν, Ἀγρίππου παῖδα, Ἰουδαίων καθίστησιβασιλέα, Φήλικα τῆς χώρας ἁπάσης Σαμαρείας τε καὶ Γαλιλαίας καὶ προσέτι τῆς ἐπικαλουμένης Περαίας ἐπίτροπον ἐκπέμψας, διοικήσας δὲ αὐτὸς τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἔτεσιν τρισὶν καὶ δέκα πρὸς μησὶν ὀκτώ, Νέρωνα τῆς ἀρχῆς διάδοχον καταλιπών, τελευτᾷ. 2.20.1 Κατὰ δὲ Νέρωνα, Φήλικος τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἐπιτροπεύοντος, αὐτοῖς ῥήμασιν αὖθις ὁ Ἰώσηπος τὴν εἰς ἀλλήλους τῶν ἱερέων στάσιν ὧδέ πως ἐν εἰκοστῷ τῆς Ἀρχαιολογίας γράφει· 2.20.2 «ἐξάπτεται δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσι στάσις πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς καὶ τοὺς πρώτους τοῦ πλήθους τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων, ἕκαστός τε αὐτῶν στῖφος ἀνθρώπων τῶν θρασυτάτων καὶ νεωτεριστῶν ἑαυτῷ ποιήσας, ἡγεμὼν ἦν, καὶ συρράσσοντες ἐκακολόγουν τε ἀλλήλους καὶ λίθοις ἔβαλλον· ὁ δ' ἐπιπλήξων ἦν οὐδὲ εἷς, ἀλλ' 2.20.3 ὡς ἐν ἀπροστατήτῳ πόλει ταῦτ' ἐπράσσετο μετ' ἐξουσίας. τοσαύτη δὲ τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς κατέλαβεν ἀναίδεια καὶ τόλμα, ὥστε ἐκπέμπειν δούλους ἐτόλμων ἐπὶ τὰς ἅλωνας τοὺς ληψομένους τὰς τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ὀφειλομένας δεκάτας. καὶ συνέβαινε τοὺς ἀπορουμένους τῶν ἱερέων ὑπ' ἐνδείας ἀπολλυμένους θεωρεῖν· οὕτως ἐκράτει τοῦ δικαίου παντὸς ἡ τῶν στασιαζόντων βία». 2.20.4 πάλιν δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς συγγραφεὺς κατὰ τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ὑποφυῆναι λῃστῶν τι εἶδος ἱστορεῖ, οἳ μεθ' ἡμέραν· ὥς φησιν, καὶ ἐν μέσῃ τῇ πόλει ἐφόνευον τοὺς συναντῶντας, 2.20.5 μάλιστα γὰρ ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς μιγνυμένους τῷ πλήθει καὶ ταῖς ἐσθήσεσιν ὑποκρύπτοντας μικρὰ ξιφίδια, τούτοις νύττειν τοὺς διαφόρους· ἔπειτα πεσόντων, μέρος γίνεσθαι τῶν ἐπαγανακτούντων αὐτοὺς τοὺς πεφονευκότας· διὸ καὶ παντάπασιν ὑπ' ἀξιοπιστίας ἀνευρέτους γενέσθαι. πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ὑπ' αὐτῶν Ἰωνάθην τὸν ἀρχιερέα κατασφαγῆναι, μετὰ δ' αὐτὸν καθ' ἡμέραν ἀναιρεῖσθαι πολλούς, καὶ τῶν συμφορῶν τὸν φόβον εἶναι χαλε2.20.6 πώτερον, ἑκάστου καθάπερ ἐν πολέμῳ καθ' ὥραν τὸν θάνατον προσδεχομένου. 2.21.1 Ἑξῆς δὲ τούτοις ἐπιφέρει μεθ' ἕτερα λέγων· «μείζονι δὲ τούτων πληγῇ Ἰουδαίους ἐκάκωσεν ὁ Αἰγύπτιος ψευδοπροφήτης. παραγενόμενος γὰρ εἰς τὴν χώραν ἄνθρωπος γόης καὶ προφήτου πίστιν ἐπιθεὶς ἑαυτῷ, περὶ τρισμυρίους μὲν ἀθροίζει τῶν ἠπατημένων, περιαγαγὼν δ' αὐτοὺς ἐκ τῆς ἐρημίας εἰς τὸ Ἐλαιῶν καλούμενον ὄρος, ἐκεῖθεν οἷός τε ἦν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα παρελθεῖν βιάζεσθαι καὶ κρατήσας τῆς τε Ῥωμαϊκῆς φρουρᾶς καὶ τοῦ δήμου τυραννικῶς χρώμενος τοῖς συνεισπε σοῦσιν δορυφόροις. φθάνει δ' αὐτοῦ τὴν ὁρμὴν Φῆλιξ, ὑπαν2.21.2 τιάσας μετὰ τῶν Ῥωμαϊκῶν ὁπλιτῶν, καὶ πᾶς ὁ δῆμος συνεφήψατο τῆς ἀμύνης, ὥστε συμβολῆς γενομένης τὸν μὲν Αἰγύπτιον φυγεῖν μετ' ὀλίγων, διαφθαρῆναι δὲ καὶ ζωγρηθῆναι πλείστους τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ». 2.21.3 ταῦτα ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ τῶν Ἱστοριῶν ὁ Ἰώσηπος· ἐπιστῆσαι δὲ ἄξιον τοῖς ἐνταῦθα κατὰ τὸν Αἰγύπτιον δεδηλωμένοις καὶ τοῖς ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσι τῶν ἀποστόλων, ἔνθα κατὰ Φήλικα πρὸς τοῦ ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις χιλιάρχου εἴρηται τῷ Παύλῳ, ὁπηνίκα κατεστασίαζεν αὐτοῦ τὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων πλῆθος· «οὐκ ἄρα σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος ὁ πρὸ τούτων τῶν ἡμερῶν ἀναστατώσας καὶ ἐξαγαγὼν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τοὺς τετρακισχιλίους ἄνδρας τῶν σικαρίων;» ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν κατὰ Φήλικα τοιαῦτα· 2.22.1 τούτου δὲ Φῆστος ὑπὸ Νέρωνος διάδοχος πέμπεται, καθ' ὃν δικαιολογησάμενος ὁ Παῦλος δέσμιος ἐπὶ Ῥώμης ἄγεται. Ἀρίσταρχος αὐτῷ συνῆν, ὃν καὶ εἰκότως συναιχμάλωτόν που τῶν ἐπιστολῶν ἀποκαλεῖ. καὶ Λουκᾶς, ὁ καὶ τὰς πράξεις τῶν ἀποστόλων γραφῇ παραδούς, ἐν τούτοις κατέλυσε τὴν ἱστορίαν, διετίαν ὅλην ἐπὶ τῆς Ῥώμης τὸν Παῦλον ἄνετον διατρῖψαι καὶ 2.22.2 τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ λόγον ἀκωλύτως κηρῦξαι ἐπισημηνάμενος. τότε μὲν οὖν ἀπολογησάμενον, αὖθις ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ κηρύγματος