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a deliverance from the evils that afflict them; but he who is unable to provide this, even if he offers a thousand excuses, will never escape condemnation from them. But since I have mentioned patronage, come, let me reveal to you another pretext for complaints; for if the one holding the episcopate does not go about to houses each day more than the men of the marketplace, from this arise countless offenses; for not only the sick, but also the healthy wish to be visited, not because reverence calls them to this, but rather the many laying claim to honor and dignity. And if it should ever happen that, because of some pressing need for the common good of the Church, he sees one of the richer and more powerful men more frequently, he immediately from this acquires a reputation for fawning and flattery. And why do I speak of patronage and visitations? For from greetings alone they bear such a burden of accusations as to be weighed down and often to collapse from despondency, and they are even held accountable for a glance. For the multitude scrutinizes precisely the things done by them without thought, examining the measure of a voice and the disposition of a look and the amount of laughter. "To so-and-so," one says, "he laughed lavishly and greeted him with a bright face and a loud voice, but me, less and as it happened;" and if, when many are sitting together, he does not cast his eyes everywhere while speaking, the many say the thing is an insult. Who, then, not being exceedingly strong, would be a match for so many accusers, either so as not to be accused by them at all, or to escape after the accusation? For one ought not even to have accusers; but if this is impossible, to be acquitted of the charges from them; but if this too is not easy, but some take delight in accusing rashly and without cause, one must stand nobly against the despondency from these complaints. For he who is justly accused might bear the accuser easily; for since there is no accuser more bitter than conscience, for this reason, when we have first been convicted by that most harsh one, we easily bear the milder ones from without. But he who has a conscience clear of any evil, when he is accused in vain, is quickly carried away to anger and easily falls into despondency, unless he has first trained his soul to bear the follies of the multitude; for it is not possible, it is not possible for one who is slandered without reason and condemned not to be troubled and to suffer something at such great unreasonableness. What could one say of the griefs they endure, whenever it is necessary to cut someone off from the body of the Church? Would, then, that the terrible thing stopped at grief. But now there is also no small destruction; for there is a fear lest that man, being punished beyond what is needful, should suffer that which was said by the blessed Paul, "be swallowed up with overmuch sorrow." The greatest exactness, therefore, is needed here also, so that the pretext of benefit may not become for him an occasion of greater loss. For whatever sins that man may commit after such a treatment, the physician who did not cut the wound well partakes in the wrath for each of these. How many punishments, then, must one expect when he is required to give an account not only for what he himself has done wrong, but is also placed in the utmost danger for the sins of others? For if we shudder when held accountable for our own offenses, as not being able to escape that fire, what must he expect to suffer who is about to give an account for so many? For that this is true, hear the blessed Paul saying, or rather not him, but Christ who speaks in him: "Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give account." Is this fear of the threat a small one? It is not possible to say. But all these things are sufficient to persuade even the very disobedient and hard-hearted that it is not from desperation nor from being seized by ambition, but fearing for themselves alone and for the magnitude of the matter

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συνεχόντων αὐτοὺς κακῶν ἀπαλλαγήν· ὁ δὲ μὴ δυνάμενος ταύτην παρασχεῖν, κἂν μυρίας λέγῃ προφάσεις, οὐδέποτε τὴν κατάγνωσιν φεύξεται τὴν παρ' ἐκείνων. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ προστασίας ἐμνήσθην, φέρε σοι καὶ ἑτέραν μέμψεων ἀποκαλύψω πρόφασιν· εἰ γὰρ μὴ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν μᾶλλον τῶν ἀγοραίων περινοστεῖ τὰς οἰκίας ὁ τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν ἔχων, προσκρούματα ἐντεῦθεν ἀμύθητα· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀρρωστοῦντες μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑγιαίνοντες ἐπισκοπεῖσθαι βούλονται, οὐ τῆς εὐλαβείας αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τοῦτο προκαλουμένης, τιμῆς δὲ καὶ ἀξιώματος οἱ πολλοὶ ἀντιποιούμενοι μᾶλλον. Εἰ δέ ποτε συμβαίη τινὰ τῶν πλουσιωτέρων καὶ δυνατωτέρων, χρείας τινὸς κατεπειγούσης, εἰς τὸ κοινὸν τῆς Ἐκκλησίας κέρδος συνεχέστερον ἰδεῖν, εὐθέως ἐντεῦθεν θωπείας καὶ κολακείας προσετρίψατο δόξαν. Καὶ τί λέγω προστασίας καὶ ἐπισκέψεις; Ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν προσρήσεων μόνον τοσοῦτο φέρουσιν ἐγκλημάτων ἄχθος ὡς καὶ βαρύνεσθαι καὶ καταπίπτειν ὑπὸ τῆς ἀθυμίας πολλάκις, ἤδη δὲ καὶ βλέμματος εὐθύνας ὑπέχουσι· τὰ γὰρ ἁπλῶς παρ' αὐτῶν γινόμενα βασανίζουσιν ἀκριβῶς οἱ πολλοὶ καὶ μέτρον φωνῆς ἐξετάζοντες καὶ διάθεσιν ὄψεως καὶ ποσότητα γέλωτος. Τὸν μὲν δεῖνα, φησί, δαψιλῶς ἐπεγέλασε καὶ φαιδρῷ τῷ προσώπῳ καὶ μεγάλῃ προσεῖπε τῇ φωνῇ, ἐμὲ δὲ ἔλαττον καὶ ὡς ἔτυχε· καὶ ἂν πολλῶν συγκαθημένων μὴ πανταχοῦ περιφέρῃ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς διαλεγόμενος, ὕβριν τὸ πρᾶγμά φασιν οἱ πολλοί. Τίς οὖν μὴ λίαν ἰσχυρὸς ὢν τοσούτοις ἂν ἀρκέσειε κατηγόροις ἢ πρὸς τὸ μηδ' ὅλως γραφῆναι παρ' αὐτῶν ἢ πρὸς τὸ διαφυγεῖν μετὰ τὴν γραφήν; ∆εῖ μὲν γὰρ μηδὲ ἔχειν κατηγόρους· εἰ δὲ τοῦτο ἀδύνατον, ἀπολύεσθαι τὰ παρ' ἐκείνων ἐγκλήματα· εἰ δὲ οὐδὲ τοῦτο εὔπορον, ἀλλὰ τέρπονταί τινες εἰκῇ καὶ ἁπλῶς αἰτιώμενοι, γενναίως πρὸς τὴν τῶν μέμψεων τούτων ἀθυμίαν ἵστασθαι. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ δικαίως ἐγκαλούμενος κἂν ἐνέγκῃ τὸν ἐγκαλοῦντα ῥᾳδίως· ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἔστι πικρότερος τοῦ συνειδότος κατήγορος, διὰ τοῦτο, ὅταν ὑπ' ἐκείνου τοῦ χαλεπωτάτου πρότερον ἁλῶμεν, τοὺς ἔξωθεν ἡμερωτέρους ὄντας εὐκόλως φέρομεν. Ὁ δὲ οὐδὲν ἑαυτῷ συνειδέναι πονηρὸν ἔχων, ὅταν ἐγκαλῆται μάτην, καὶ πρὸς ὀργὴν ἐκφέρεται ταχέως καὶ πρὸς ἀθυμίαν καταπίπτει ῥᾳδίως, ἂν μὴ πρότερον ᾖ τῇ ψυχῇ μεμελετηκὼς τὰς τῶν πολλῶν φέρειν ἀνοίας· οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστι συκοφαντούμενον εἰκῇ καὶ καταδικαζόμενον μὴ ταράττεσθαι καὶ πάσχειν τι πρὸς τὴν τοσαύτην ἀλογίαν. Τί ἄν τις λέγοι τὰς λύπας ἃς ὑπομένουσιν, ἡνίκα ἂν δέῃ τινὰ τοῦ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας περικόψαι πληρώματος; Εἴθε μὲν οὖν μέχρι λύπης ἵστατο τὸ δεινόν. Νῦν δὲ καὶ ὄλεθρος οὐ μικρός· δέος γὰρ μή ποτε πέρα τοῦ δέοντος κολασθεὶς ἐκεῖνος πάθῃ τοῦτο δὴ τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ μακαρίου Παύλου λεχθέν, «ὑπὸ τῆς περισσοτέρας λύπης καταποθῇ». Πλείστης οὖν κἀνταῦθα δεῖ τῆς ἀκριβείας ὥστε μὴ τὴν τῆς ὠφελείας ὑπόθεσιν μείζονος αὐτῷ γενέσθαι ζημίας ἀφορμήν. Ὧν γὰρ ἂν ἁμάρτῃ μετὰ τὴν τοιαύτην θεραπείαν ἐκεῖνος, κοινωνεῖ τῆς ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ τούτων ὀργῆς ὁ μὴ καλῶς τὸ τραῦμα τεμὼν ἰατρός. Πόσας οὖν χρὴ προσδοκᾶν τιμωρίας ὅταν μὴ μόνον ὑπὲρ ὧν αὐτὸς ἕκαστος ἐπλημμέλησεν ἀπαιτῆται λόγον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἑτέροις ἁμαρτηθέντων εἰς τὸν ἔσχατον καθίσταται κίνδυνον; Εἰ γὰρ τῶν οἰκείων πλημμελημάτων εὐθύνας ὑπέχοντες φρίττομεν, ὡς οὐ δυνησόμενοι τὸ πῦρ ἐκφυγεῖν ἐκεῖνο, τί χρὴ πείσεσθαι προσδοκᾶν τὸν ὑπὲρ τοσούτων ἀπολογεῖσθαι μέλλοντα; Ὅτι γὰρ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἀληθές, ἄκουσον τοῦ μακαρίου λέγοντος Παύλου, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ ἐκείνου, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ λαλοῦντος Χριστοῦ· «Πείθεσθε τοῖς ἡγουμένοις ὑμῶν καὶ ὑπείκετε, ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἀγρυπνοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν ὡς λόγον ἀποδώσοντες.» Ἆρα μικρὸς οὗτος ὁ τῆς ἀπειλῆς φόβος; Οὐκ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς σφόδρα ἀπειθεῖς καὶ σκληροὺς ἱκανὰ ταῦτα πάντα πεῖσαι ὡς οὔτε ἀπονοίᾳ οὔτε φιλοδοξίᾳ ἁλόντες, ὑπὲρ δὲ ἑαυτῶν δεδοικότες μόνον καὶ εἰς τὸν τοῦ πράγματος ὄγκον