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nor that all things have come to be from him, but "through him." The preposition "through" signifies the subordinate, as the same evangelist, proceeding in order, shows when he says, "the law was given through Moses, grace and truth came through Jesus Christ"; for as the law, not being human nor belonging to Moses himself, but from God, designated Moses as a minister and servant for its publication to men, and for this reason it is said, "the law was given through Moses," so also "grace came through Jesus Christ," the 2.14.10 Father having accomplished it through Christ. Therefore, in the same way, it is also said, "all things were made through him," one having made, and he having ministered; so that we must seek another maker of all things, who through the one of whom theology speaks, brought all things into being. And 2.14.11 who would this be? But he would not be able to say. These things being so, it is necessary to confess that the one of whom the evangelist theologizes is not the God over all, nor the Father himself, but his only-begotten Son, not accidental to the Father, nor existing in him as in a substrate, nor being one and the same as God, but being truly a Son, living and subsistent, being in the beginning and being with God and being God, 2.14.12 through whom he creates all things; so that one might correctly, for the sake of greater clarity, substitute and say, instead of "in the beginning was the Word," "in the beginning was the Son," and instead of "and the Word was with God," "and the Son was with the Father," and instead of "and the Word was God," "and the Son was God." Thus also what is brought on next would be fitting, for "all things were made through him, and without him was not anything made that was made." 2.14.13 With good reason, therefore, the divine evangelist said he was in the beginning, giving him a beginning, clearly his generation from the Father; for everything begotten from someone has as a beginning the one who begot. Yet he did not similarly add "and the Word was in God," but "the Word was with God," teaching that the one who was begotten and acquired the Father as a beginning is not somewhere far from the Father, nor separated and distant from him, but is present with him and with him 2.14.14 is; which he also taught earlier in Proverbs, saying, "before all the hills he begets me," then adding, "when he prepared the heaven, I was present with him." Thus, therefore, the Word, clearly the only-begotten Son, was with his own Father, God, being with him and 2.14.15 being present with him always and forever; which he also shows, saying, "and the Word was with God." But since it was necessary for us to know of what dignity he was, he necessarily joined, "and the Word was God." For how was he who was begotten from the one and only unbegotten God not to be God? For if "that which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit" according to the saving teaching, it follows also that what is born of God 2.14.16 would be God. Wherefore also "the Word was God"; and a God who is the maker and creator of all things. This very thing the evangelist also showed by appending next, "all things were made through him." The pedagogical law, therefore, through Moses, in the creation of the world, introducing God as maker of the universe, and delivering the elements and introductions of piety, taught, saying, "In the beginning God made the heaven and the 2.14.17 earth" and the things following these, through which things, instructing the people of the Jews, 2.14.17 he advised them to consider the world as created, so as not to worship the creation 2.14.18 "rather than the creator." But how God and through whom he created all things, Moses no longer handed down to those under him, but "grace and truth through Jesus Christ," evangelizing the mystery kept silent by Moses, initiated for the church of God a newer and mystical teaching, crying out openly for all to hear, "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God," and "all things were made through him, and 2.14.19 without him was not anything made that was made," and adding to these, "that which has been made was life in him, and the life was the light of men. And the light shines in the darkness," and the things following these, through which the Son of God and

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οὐδ' ἐξ αὐτοῦ τὰ πάντα γεγενῆσθαι, ἀλλὰ «δι' αὐτοῦ». ἡ δὲ διὰ πρόθεσις τὸ ὑπηρετικὸν σημαίνει, ὡς ὁ αὐτὸς εὐαγγελιστὴς προϊὼν ἑξῆς παρίστησιν λέγων «ὁ νόμος διὰ Μωσέως ἐδόθη, ἡ χάρις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐγένετο»· ὡς γὰρ ὁ νόμος οὐκ ὢν ἀνθρώπινος οὐδ' αὐτοῦ Μωσέως ὑπάρχων ἀλλ' ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ Μωσέα διάκονον καὶ ὑπηρέτην ἐπεγράψατο τῆς εἰς ἀνθρώπους ἐκδόσεως, καὶ διὰ τοῦτ' εἴρηται «ὁ νόμος διὰ Μωσέως ἐδόθη», οὕτως καὶ «ἡ χάρις διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐγένετο», τοῦ 2.14.10 πατρὸς αὐτὴν διὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ κατεργασαμένου. ὡσαύτως οὖν εἴρηται καὶ τὸ «πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο», ἑτέρου μὲν πεποιηκότος, αὐτοῦ δὲ διακονησαμένου· ὥσθ' ἕτερον ζητεῖν τὸν ποιητὴν τῶν ὅλων τὸν διὰ τοῦ θεολογουμένου τὰ πάντα ὑποστησάμενον. καὶ 2.14.11 τίς ἂν γένοιτο οὗτος; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι εἰπεῖν. ὧν οὕτως ἐχόντων ὁμολογεῖν ἀνάγκη τὸν θεολογούμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ εὐαγγελιστοῦ μὴ τὸν ἐπὶ πάντων εἶναι θεὸν μηδ' αὐτὸν τὸν πατέρα, τὸν δὲ τούτου μονογενῆ υἱόν, οὐ συμβεβηκότα τῷ πατρὶ οὐδ' ὡς ἐν ὑποκειμένῳ ἐν αὐτῷ ὄντα οὐδὲ ἓν καὶ ταὐτὸν τῷ θεῷ ὄντα, υἱὸν δὲ ἀληθῶς ὄντα, ζῶντα καὶ ὑφεστῶτα, ἐν ἀρχῇ τε ὄντα καὶ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ὄντα καὶ θεὸν ὄντα, 2.14.12 δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα δημιουργεῖ· ὡς ὀρθῶς ἄν τινα ἐπὶ τὸ σαφέστερον μεταλαβόντα φάναι ἀντὶ τοῦ «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος», τὸ ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ υἱός, καὶ ἀντὶ τοῦ «καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν» τὸ καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ἦν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα, καὶ ἀντὶ τοῦ «καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος» τὸ καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ υἱός. οὕτω δ' ἂν ἁρμόσειεν καὶ τὸ ἑξῆς ἐπαγόμενον, «πάντα» γὰρ «δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν». 2.14.13 εἰκότως τοιγαροῦν ὁ θεῖος εὐαγγελιστὴς ἐν ἀρχῇ αὐτὸν ἔφη δοὺς αὐτῷ ἀρχήν, δῆλον δ' ὅτι τὴν γέννησιν, τὴν ἐκ τοῦ πατρός· πᾶν γὰρ τὸ ἔκ τινος γεννηθὲν ἀρχὴν ἔχει τὸν γεγεννηκότα. οὐ μὴν ἔθ' ὁμοίως ἐπήγαγεν τὸ καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν ἐν τῷ θεῷ, ἀλλὰ «πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ἦν ὁ λόγος», διδάσκων τὸν γεννηθέντα καὶ ἀρχὴν τὸν πατέρα κτησάμενον μὴ μακράν που εἶναι τοῦ πατρὸς μηδὲ ἀπεσχοινίσθαι καὶ πόρρω που ἀφεστάναι αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ παρεῖναι αὐτῷ καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ 2.14.14 εἶναι· ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐν Παροιμίαις ἐδίδασκεν πρότερον φήσας «πρὸ δὲ πάντων βουνῶν γεννᾷ με», ἔπειτα προσθεὶς «ἡνίκα ἡτοίμαζεν τὸν οὐρανόν, συμπαρήμην αὐτῷ». οὕτως οὖν ὁ λόγος, δῆλον δ' ὅτι ὁ μονογενὴς υἱός, ἦν πρὸς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ πατέρα τὸν θεὸν συνὼν καὶ 2.14.15 συμπαρὼν αὐτῷ ἀεὶ καὶ πάντοτε· ὃ δὴ καὶ παρίστη λέγων «καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν». ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐχρῆν ἡμᾶς γνῶναι καὶ ὁποίου ὑπῆρχεν ἀξιώματος, ἀναγκαίως συνῆψεν τὸ «καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος». πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἔμελλεν θεὸς εἶναι ὁ ἐκ τοῦ ἑνὸς καὶ μόνου ἀγεννήτου θεοῦ γεννηθείς; εἰ γὰρ τὸ «γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς σάρξ ἐστιν, καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος πνεῦμά ἐστιν» κατὰ τὴν σωτήριον διδασκαλίαν, ἀκολούθως καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 2.14.16 θεὸς ἂν εἴη. διὸ καὶ «θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος»· καὶ θεὸς ποιητικὸς καὶ δημιουργικὸς πάντων. ὃ δὴ καὶ αὐτὸ παρέστησεν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ἑξῆς τὸ «πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο» ἐπισυνάψας. ὁ μὲν οὖν παιδαγωγὸς νόμος διὰ Μωσέως ἐν τῇ κοσμοποιίᾳ τὸν θεὸν ποιητὴν τοῦ παντὸς εἰσάγων στοιχεῖά τε καὶ εἰσαγωγὰς θεοσεβείας παραδιδοὺς ἐδίδασκεν, λέγων «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν 2.14.17 γῆν» καὶ τὰ τούτοις ἑξῆς, δι' ὧν τὸν Ἰουδαίων παιδαγωγῶν λαὸν 2.14.17 γενητὸν εἶναι τὸν κόσμον ἡγεῖσθαι παρῄνει, πρὸς τὸ μὴ τὴν κτίσιν 2.14.18 «παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα» σέβειν. ὅπως δὲ ὁ θεὸς καὶ διὰ τίνος τὰ σύμπαντα ἐδημιούργει, οὐκέτι Μωσῆς τοῖς ὑπ' αὐτὸν παρεδίδου, «ἡ» δὲ «χάρις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ» τὸ σεσιγημένον ὑπὸ Μωσέως μυστήριον εὐαγγελιζομένη καινοτέρας καὶ μυστικῆς τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ κατῆρξε διδασκαλίας, ἄντικρυς τοῖς πᾶσιν εἰς ἐξάκουστον βοῶσα τὸ «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος», καὶ τὸ «πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ 2.14.19 χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν», καὶ ἔτι τούτοις προσθεῖσα τὸ «ὃ γέγονεν ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν, καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων. καὶ τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει», καὶ τὰ τούτοις ἀκόλουθα, δι' ὧν τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ