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tradition has it that the apostle was sent on a ministry, but having visited the same city a second time, he was perfected by his own martyrdom; in which, being held in bonds, he composed the second epistle to Timothy, at the same time indicating both the defense which he had already made and 2.22.3 his imminent perfection. Receive then his own testimonies of these things: “In my first,” he says, “defense no one came to my side, but all deserted me—may it not be counted against them—but the Lord stood by me and strengthened me, so that through me the preaching might be fully proclaimed and all the Gentiles might hear, and I was rescued 2.22.4 from the lion’s mouth.” Through these things he clearly shows that previously, in order that the preaching through him might be fulfilled, he was rescued from the lion's mouth, calling Nero by this name, as it seems, on account of his cruelty. Accordingly he has not added next something similar to: “he will rescue me from the lion’s mouth”; for he saw in the spirit his death which was about to happen, wherefore he says, 2.22.5 adding to: “and I was rescued from the lion’s mouth,” the words: “the Lord will rescue me from every evil work and will save me for his heavenly kingdom,” indicating his immediate martyrdom; which he also foretells more clearly in the same writing, saying: “For I am already being poured out as a drink offering, and the time of my departure is at 2.22.6 hand.” Now, then, in the second epistle to Timothy he indicates that only Luke was with him as he wrote, but during the first defense not even he. Wherefore Luke naturally concluded the Acts of the Apostles at that time, having related the history up to the time he was with Paul. These things 2.22.7 have been said by us to show that Paul's martyrdom was not completed during his stay in Rome which Luke 2.22.8 recorded. It is likely at any rate that at first, while Nero’s disposition was milder, Paul’s defense of his doctrine was more easily received, but when he had advanced to unholy acts of boldness, among other things the attacks against the apostles were also undertaken. 2.23.1 The Jews, then, when Paul had appealed to Caesar and been sent to the city of the Romans by Festus, having fallen short of the hope according to which they were preparing the plot against him, turned against James the brother of the Lord, to whom the throne of the episcopate in Jerusalem had been entrusted by the apostles. 2.23.2 And such were the things they dared to do against him. Having brought him into the midst they demanded from him before all the people a denial of the faith in Christ; but when, contrary to the opinion of all, with a free voice and more than they had expected, he spoke boldly before the whole multitude and confessed that our Savior and Lord Jesus is the Son of God, no longer able to bear the man's testimony (since he was believed by all to be most just because of the heights of philosophy and piety which he pursued in his life), they kill him, having seized the opportunity for power in the anarchy, because Festus had died in Judea at that very time, and the administration there was without ruler and without governor. 2.23.3 The manner of James's death has already been indicated before by the words of Clement which have been quoted, who recorded that he was thrown from the pinnacle and was beaten to death with a club; but Hegesippus most accurately, who lived in the first succession of the apostles, in his fifth memorandum, relates the manner thus, saying: 2.23.4 “James, the brother of the Lord, succeeds to the government of the church, in conjunction with the apostles, he who has been called the Just by all from the times of the Lord even to our own, since many were called James, but this one was holy from his mother’s womb, 2.23.5 he drank no wine or strong drink, nor did he eat any living thing, a razor did not come upon his head, he did not anoint himself with oil, and did not use a 2.23.6 bath. To this man alone was it permitted to enter into the holy place. For he did not wear wool, but linen garments. And he alone would enter into

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διακονίαν λόγος ἔχει στείλασθαι τὸν ἀπόστολον, δεύτερον δ' ἐπιβάντα τῇ αὐτῇ πόλει τῷ κατ' αὐτὸν τελειωθῆναι μαρτυρίῳ· ἐν ᾧ δεσμοῖς ἐχόμενος, τὴν πρὸς Τιμόθεον δευτέραν ἐπιστολὴν συντάττει, ὁμοῦ σημαίνων τήν τε προτέραν αὐτῷ γενομένην ἀπολογίαν καὶ 2.22.3 τὴν παρὰ πόδας τελείωσιν. δέχου δὴ καὶ τούτων τὰς αὐτοῦ μαρτυρίας· «ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ μου», φησίν, «ἀπολογίᾳ οὐδείς μοι παρεγένετο, ἀλλὰ πάντες με ἐγκατέλιπον μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη, ὁ δὲ κύριός μοι παρέστη καὶ ἐνεδυνάμωσέν με, ἵνα δι' ἐμοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ καὶ ἀκούσωσι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ ἐρρύσθην 2.22.4 ἐκ στόματος λέοντος». σαφῶς δὴ παρίστησιν διὰ τούτων ὅτι δὴ τὸ πρότερον, ὡς ἂν τὸ κήρυγμα τὸ δι' αὐτοῦ πληρωθείη, ἐρρύσθη ἐκ στόματος λέοντος, τὸν Νέρωνα ταύτῃ, ὡς ἔοικεν, διὰ τὸ ὠμόθυμον προσειπών. οὔκουν ἑξῆς προστέθεικεν παραπλήσιόν τι τῷ· «ῥύσεταί με ἐκ στόματος λέοντος»· ἑώρα γὰρ τῷ πνεύματι τὴν ὅσον οὔπω μέλλουσαν αὐτοῦ τελευτήν, δι' ὅ φησιν 2.22.5 ἐπιλέγων τῷ· «καὶ ἐρρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος» τὸ· «ῥύσεταί με ὁ κύριος ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔργου πονηροῦ καὶ σώσει εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐπουράνιον», σημαίνων τὸ παραυτίκα μαρτύριον· ὃ καὶ σαφέστερον ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ προλέγει γραφῇ, φάσκων· «ἐγὼ γὰρ ἤδη σπένδομαι, καὶ ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἐμῆς ἀναλύσεως ἐφέστη2.22.6 κεν». νῦν μὲν οὖν ἐπὶ τῆς δευτέρας ἐπιστολῆς τῶν πρὸς Τιμόθεον τὸν Λουκᾶν μόνον γράφοντι αὐτῷ συνεῖναι δηλοῖ, κατὰ δὲ τὴν προτέραν ἀπολογίαν οὐδὲ τοῦτον· ὅθεν εἰκότως τὰς τῶν ἀποστόλων Πράξεις ἐπ' ἐκεῖνον ὁ Λουκᾶς περιέγραψε τὸν χρόνον, τὴν μέχρις ὅτε τῷ Παύλῳ συνῆν ἱστορίαν ὑφηγησάμενος. ταῦτα 2.22.7 δ' ἡμῖν εἴρηται παρισταμένοις ὅτι μὴ καθ' ἣν ὁ Λουκᾶς ἀνέγραψεν ἐπὶ τῆς Ῥώμης ἐπιδημίαν τοῦ Παύλου τὸ μαρτύριον αὐτῷ 2.22.8 συνεπεράνθη· εἰκός γέ τοι κατὰ μὲν ἀρχὰς ἠπιώτερον τοῦ Νέρωνος διακειμένου, ῥᾷον τὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ δόγματος τοῦ Παύλου καταδεχθῆναι ἀπολογίαν, προελθόντος δ' εἰς ἀθεμίτους τόλμας, μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τὰ κατὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐγχειρηθῆναι. 2.23.1 Ἰουδαῖοί γε μὴν τοῦ Παύλου Καίσαρα ἐπικαλεσαμένου ἐπί τε τὴν Ῥωμαίων πόλιν ὑπὸ Φήστου παραπεμφθέντος, τῆς ἐλπίδος καθ' ἣν ἐξήρτυον αὐτῷ τὴν ἐπιβουλήν, ἀποπεσόντες, ἐπὶ Ἰάκωβον τὸν τοῦ κυρίου τρέπονται ἀδελφόν, ᾧ πρὸς τῶν ἀποστόλων ὁ τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς τῆς ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἐγκεχείριστο θρόνος. 2.23.2 τοιαῦτα δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ τὰ κατὰ τούτου τολμᾶται. εἰς μέσον αὐτὸν ἀγαγόντες ἄρνησιν τῆς εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν πίστεως ἐπὶ παντὸς ἐξῄτουν τοῦ λαοῦ· τοῦ δὲ παρὰ τὴν ἁπάντων γνώμην ἐλευθέρᾳ φωνῇ καὶ μᾶλλον ἢ προσεδόκησαν ἐπὶ τῆς πληθύος ἁπάσης παρρησιασαμένου καὶ ὁμολογήσαντος υἱὸν εἶναι θεοῦ τὸν σωτῆρα καὶ κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν, μηκέθ' οἷοί τε τὴν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς μαρτυρίαν φέρειν τῷ καὶ δικαιότατον αὐτὸν παρὰ τοῖς πᾶσιν δι' ἀκρότητα ἧς μετῄει κατὰ τὸν βίον φιλοσοφίας τε καὶ θεοσεβείας πιστεύεσθαι, κτείνουσι, καιρὸν εἰς ἐξουσίαν λαβόντες τὴν ἀναρχίαν, ὅτι δὴ τοῦ Φήστου κατ' αὐτὸ τοῦ καιροῦ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἰουδαίας τελευτήσαντος, ἄναρχα καὶ ἀνεπιτρόπευτα τὰ τῆς 2.23.3 αὐτόθι διοικήσεως καθειστήκει. τὸν δὲ τῆς τοῦ Ἰακώβου τελευτῆς τρόπον ἤδη μὲν πρότερον αἱ παρατεθεῖσαι τοῦ Κλήμεντος φωναὶ δεδηλώκασιν, ἀπὸ τοῦ πτερυγίου βεβλῆσθαι ξύλῳ τε τὴν πρὸς θάνατον πεπλῆχθαι αὐτὸν ἱστορηκότος· ἀκριβέστατά γε μὴν τὰ κατ' αὐτὸν ὁ Ἡγήσιππος, ἐπὶ τῆς πρώτης τῶν ἀποστόλων γενόμενος διαδοχῆς, ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ αὐτοῦ ὑπομνήματι τοῦτον λέγων ἱστορεῖ τὸν τρόπον· 2.23.4 «διαδέχεται τὴν ἐκκλησίαν μετὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων ὁ ἀδελφὸς τοῦ κυρίου Ἰάκωβος, ὁ ὀνομασθεὶς ὑπὸ πάντων δίκαιος ἀπὸ τῶν τοῦ κυρίου χρόνων μέχρι καὶ ἡμῶν, ἐπεὶ πολλοὶ Ἰάκωβοι ἐκαλοῦντο, οὗτος δὲ ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ἅγιος ἦν, οἶνον 2.23.5 καὶ σίκερα οὐκ ἔπιεν οὐδὲ ἔμψυχον ἔφαγεν, ξυρὸν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἀνέβη, ἔλαιον οὐκ ἠλείψατο, καὶ βαλανείῳ οὐκ 2.23.6 ἐχρήσατο. τούτῳ μόνῳ ἐξῆν εἰς τὰ ἅγια εἰσιέναι. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐρεοῦν ἐφόρει, ἀλλὰ σινδόνας. καὶ μόνος εἰσήρχετο εἰς