HORTATORY ADDRESS TO THE GREEKS BY SAINT JUSTIN, PHILOSOPHER AND MARTYR.

 Alas, with my own eyes I see a dear man pursued around the wall and my heart grieves for him. And what he says about the other gods conspiring agains

 Artemis the archer, sister of the far-shooter. And against Leto stood the strong, helpful Hermes. These and such things Homer taught you about the god

 ...s of you you say have become of piety, some declaring water to be the beginning of all things, others air, others fire, others some other of the af

 Of all of them who had spoken, Thales, the eldest of them all, says that the principle of existing things is water for he says that all things are fr

 having denied it, later says in his conceptions that it is this very thing. Moreover, having formerly declared that everything that has come into bein

 having established for I do not attempt to prove these things from the divine histories among us alone, which you are not yet willing to believe beca

 to organize affairs in Egypt, but also to establish the warrior class with laws. And fourth, they say that Bocchoris the king became a lawgiver, a wis

 it happened that there were once God-fearing men, as you say the oracle declared: Only the Chaldeans obtained wisdom, and also the Hebrews, purely rev

 of wise men or orators, should one wish to make mention, he will find that they have written their own compositions in the letters of the Greeks. But

 it is fitting that it should appear clearly and manifestly. It is necessary, therefore, for you, O men of Greece, foreseeing the things to come and lo

 And in the Oracles it is thus: I adjure you, Heaven, the wise work of the great God, I adjure you, Voice of the Father, which He first uttered, When H

 the poem to fall from its meter, lest he should seem not to have first mentioned the name of the gods. But a little later he sets forth clearly and pl

 he should cause Meletus to be against himself, accusing him before the Athenians and saying: Plato does wrong and is a busybody, not believing in the

 that only disobedience was cast out, but not knowing that they were also persuaded that non-existent gods existed, they passed on the name of the gods

 light, constructs that which comes to be. But perhaps some, not wishing to abandon the doctrines of polytheism, will say that the demiurge himself sai

 having. For it does not seem to me that what was said by Phoenix was said simply: Not even if the god himself should promise me, scraping off old age,

 wishing to confirm what has been said of participation, Plato has written thus in these very words: God, then, as the old saying has it, holding the b

 having heard from one who had come back to life and was relating the things there, has written thus in his very words: For he said that he was present

 poetry, Diodorus, the most renowned of the historians, sufficiently teaches us. For he said that he, having been in Egypt, had learned that Nepenthes,

 to set up the battle-cry of much-lamented war They were eager to place Ossa upon Olympus, but upon Ossa Pelion with its shaking leaves, that heaven m

 and concerning the heaven that came into being that the created heaven, which he also named the firmament, this is the perceptible one that came into

 proclaimed by the name. For, fearing to call the gift of God Holy Spirit, lest he should seem to be an enemy of the Greeks by following the teaching

 supposed them to have the forms of men, you will find that they learned this also from the divine history. For since the history of Moses says, from t

 to you Socrates, the wisest of the wise, to whom even your oracle, as you yourselves say, testifies, saying: Of all men Socrates is the wisest, confes

 It will be easy for you to learn in part the true worship of God from the ancient Sibyl, who teaches you by oracles from some powerful inspiration, th

 it is clear that he said this about the oracle-givers, looking to the oracles of the Sibyl. For he spoke thus: When they succeed in saying many and gr

 Tatian's Address to the Greeks. Do not be so very hostile towards the barbarians, O men of Greece, nor be envious of their doctrines. For what pursuit

 very savagely, having imprisoned his own friend for not wanting to worship him, carried him around like a bear or a leopard. Indeed, he completely fol

 selecting places for their covetousness *** the prominent. But one ought not flatter the leaders with the prospect of kingship, but to wait until the

 I have chosen to order the unordered matter in you, and just as the Word, having been begotten in the beginning, in turn begot our creation for himsel

 not according to fate, but by the free will of those who choose, he foretold the outcomes of future events and he became a hinderer of wickedness thro

 with baubles of the earth he deceived the motherless and orphaned girl. Poseidon sails, Ares delights in wars, Apollo is a cithara player, Dionysus is

 of a kingdom, *** were turned into constellations by the shaping of letters? And how is Kronos, who was fettered and cast out of his kingdom, appointe

 of faith with glory become but the poor man and the most moderate, desiring the things that are his own, more easily gets by. Why, I ask, according to

 were zealous to be but the Lord of all allowed them to luxuriate until the world, having reached its end, should be dissolved, and the judge should a

 refusing a suffering god, they were shown to be fighters against God rather than God-fearing. You too are such men, O Greeks, talkative in words, but

 of the spirit But when the tabernacle is not of such a kind, man excels the beasts only in articulate speech, but in other respects his way of life i

 causes, when they happen, they ascribe to themselves, attacking whenever weariness overtakes them. But there are times when they themselves by a tempe

 For if it were so, much more would he ward off his own enemy from himself for being able to help others also, he will much more become his own avenge

 you? Therefore if you say that one ought not to fear death, sharing our doctrines, die not because of human vainglory, as Anaxarchus did, but for the

 Unable to explain those things, because of the impossibility of their theory, they have blamed the tides, and of the seas, one being weedy and the oth

 For what sort are your teachings? Who would not mock your public festivals, which, being celebrated under the pretext of wicked demons, turn men to di

 providing it, feeding it with the most ungodly bloodshed. For the robber kills for the sake of taking, but the rich man buys gladiators for the sake o

 dedications, and those who read are as with the jar of the Danaids. Why do you divide time for me, saying that one part of it is past, another present

 the conception which I have concerning all things, this I do not hide. Why do you advise me to deceive the state? Why, while saying to despise death,

 but again it will be dissolved, if we obey the word of God and do not scatter ourselves. For he has gained control of our possessions through a certai

 Archilochus flourished around the twenty-third Olympiad, in the time of Gyges the Lydian, five hundred years after the Trojan War. And concerning the

 the nonsense of affairs for the Greeks. For the pursuits of your customs are rather foolish through great glory and behave disgracefully through the w

 seeing the figures of the strife and of Eteocles, and not having thrown them into a pit with Pythagoras who made them, do you destroy along with them

 For what is difficult about men who have been shown to be ignorant being now refuted by a man of like passions? And what is strange, according to your

 maios. The time from Inachus until the capture of Ilium completes twenty generations and the proof is in this manner. The kings of the Argives were th

 our laws, and what the learned men among the Greeks have said, and how many and who they are who have mentioned them, will be shown in the treatise A

 God and what is the creation according to him, I present myself ready to you for the examination of the doctrines, while my way of life according to G

I have chosen to order the unordered matter in you, and just as the Word, having been begotten in the beginning, in turn begot our creation for himself, having fashioned matter, so I too, in imitation of the Word, having been born again and having attained the apprehension of the truth, am reforming the confusion of kindred matter. For matter is not without beginning, as God is, nor, because it is without beginning, is it of equal power with God, but it is begotten and not brought into being by another, but brought forth by the Creator of all things alone. And for this reason we have believed that there will be a resurrection of bodies after the consummation of all things, not as the Stoics dogmatize, according to certain cycles of periods in which the same things are always coming into being and ceasing to be for no useful purpose, but once our ages have been completed, the constitution of things will be entirely on account of men alone for the sake of judgment. And our judges are not Minos nor Rhadamanthus, before whose death not one of the souls, as they mythologize, was judged, but the examiner is God the Creator himself. For even if you consider us altogether triflers and babblers, it is no concern to us, since we have believed in this doctrine. For just as, not existing before I came to be, I did not know who I was, but existed only in the substance of fleshly matter, and having come into being, I who was not before, have through birth believed in my existence; in the same way, I who came to be and through death am no longer, and am again no longer seen, shall be again, just as though I had not come to be before and then was born. And if fire should consume my flesh, the world has received the matter that has been vaporized; and if I am consumed in rivers or in seas, or if I am torn apart by wild beasts, I am laid up in the storehouses of a rich Master. And the poor and godless man does not know the things that are laid up, but God the King, when He wills, will restore to its original state the substance that is visible to Him alone. For the heavenly Word, having become spirit from the Spirit and Word from the rational power, in imitation of the Father who begot him, made man an image of immortality, so that, just as incorruptibility is with God, in the same way man, having partaken of God's portion, might also have immortality. The Word, therefore, before the creation of men, becomes the creator of angels, and each form of creation has become free-willed, not having the nature of the good, which *** except only with God, but by the freedom of choice is brought to perfection by men, so that the wicked man may be justly punished, having become depraved through himself, while the just man on account of his noble deeds may be worthily praised, in accordance with his free will not having transgressed the will of God. And the things concerning angels and men are in this manner; but the power of the Word, having in itself the foreknowledge *** of what is going to happen

κοσμεῖν τὴν ἐν ὑμῖν ἀκόσμητον ὕλην προῄρημαι καὶ καθάπερ ὁ λόγος ἐν ἀρχῇ γεννηθεὶς ἀντεγέννησε τὴν καθ' ἡμᾶς ποίησιν αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ, τὴν ὕλην δημιουργήσας, οὕτω κἀγὼ κατὰ τὴν τοῦ λόγου μίμησιν ἀναγεννηθεὶς καὶ τὴν τοῦ ἀληθοῦς κατά ληψιν πεποιημένος μεταρρυθμίζω τῆς συγγενοῦς ὕλης τὴν σύγχυσιν. οὔτε γὰρ ἄναρχος ἡ ὕλη καθάπερ καὶ ὁ θεός, οὔτε διὰ τὸ ἄναρχον καὶ αὐτὴ ἰσοδύναμος τῷ θεῷ, γενητὴ δὲ καὶ οὐχ ὑπὸ ἄλλου γεγονυῖα, μόνου δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ πάντων δημιουργοῦ προβεβλημένη. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο καὶ σωμάτων ἀνάστασιν ἔσεσθαι πε πιστεύκαμεν μετὰ τὴν τῶν ὅλων συντέλειαν, οὐχ ὡς οἱ Στωϊκοὶ δογματίζουσι κατά τινας κύκλων περιόδους γινομένων ἀεὶ καὶ ἀπογινομένων τῶν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐπί τι χρήσιμον, ἅπαξ δὲ τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς αἰώνων πεπερασμένων καὶ εἰς τὸ παντελὲς διὰ μόνων τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὴν σύστασιν ἔσεσθαι χάριν κρίσεως. δικάζουσι δὲ ἡμῖν οὐ Μίνως οὐδὲ Ῥαδάμανθυς, ὧν πρὸ τῆς τελευτῆς οὐδεμία τῶν ψυχῶν, ὡς μυθολογοῦσιν, ἐκρίνετο, δοκι μαστὴς δὲ αὐτὸς ὁ ποιητὴς θεὸς γίνεται. κἂν γὰρ πάνυ φλη νάφους τε καὶ σπερμολόγους ἡμᾶς νομίσητε, μέλον οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν, ἐπεὶ τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ πεπιστεύκαμεν. ὥσπερ γὰρ οὐκ ὢν πρὶν ἢ γενέσθαι τίς ἤμην οὐκ ἐγίνωσκον, μόνον δὲ ἐν ὑπο στάσει τῆς σαρκικῆς ὕλης ὑπῆρχον, γεγονὼς δὲ ὁ μὴ πάλαι διὰ τῆς γενέσεως τὸ εἶναι πεπίστευκα· τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ὁ γενό μενος καὶ διὰ θανάτου μηκέτ' ὢν αὖθίς τε μηκέθ' ὁρώμενος ἔσομαι πάλιν ὥσπερ μὴ πάλαι γεγονὼς εἶτα γεννηθείς. κἂν πῦρ ἐξαφανίσῃ μου τὸ σαρκίον, ἐξατμισθεῖσαν τὴν ὕλην ὁ κόσμος κεχώρηκε· κἂν ἐν ποταμοῖς κἂν ἐν θαλάσσαις ἐκδαπανηθῶ κἂν ὑπὸ θηρίων διασπασθῶ, ταμείοις ἐναπόκειμαι πλουσίου δεσπό του. καὶ ὁ μὲν πτωχὸς καὶ ἄθεος οὐκ οἶδεν τὰ ἀποκείμενα, θεὸς δὲ ὁ βασιλεύων, ὅτε βούλεται, τὴν ὁρατὴν αὐτῷ μόνον ὑπό στασιν ἀποκαταστήσει πρὸς τὸ ἀρχαῖον. Λόγος γὰρ ὁ ἐπουράνιος πνεῦμα γεγονὼς ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος καὶ λόγος ἐκ λογικῆς δυνάμεως, κατὰ τὴν τοῦ γεν νήσαντος αὐτὸν πατρὸς μίμησιν εἰκόνα τῆς ἀθανασίας τὸν ἄν θρωπον ἐποίησεν, ἵν', ὥσπερ ἡ ἀφθαρσία παρὰ τῷ θεῷ, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον θεοῦ μοίρας ἄνθρωπος μεταλαβὼν ἔχῃ καὶ τὸ ἀθάνατον. ὁ μὲν οὖν λόγος πρὸ τῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων κατασκευῆς ἀγγέλων δημιουργὸς γίνεται, τὸ δὲ ἑκάτερον τῆς ποιήσεως εἶδος αὐτεξούσιον γέγονε τἀγαθοῦ φύσιν μὴ ἔχον, ὃ *** πλὴν μόνον παρὰ τῷ θεῷ, τῇ δὲ ἐλευθερίᾳ τῆς προαιρέσεως ὑπὸ τῶν ἀν θρώπων ἐκτελειούμενον, ὅπως ὁ μὲν φαῦλος δικαίως κολάζηται δι' αὑτὸν γεγονὼς μοχθηρός, ὁ δὲ δίκαιος χάριν τῶν ἀνδραγα θημάτων ἀξίως ἐπαινῆται κατὰ τὸ αὐτεξούσιον τοῦ θεοῦ μὴ παραβὰς τὸ βούλημα. καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ τοὺς ἀγγέλους καὶ ἀν θρώπους τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν τρόπον· ἡ δὲ τοῦ λόγου δύναμις ἔχουσα παρ' ἑαυτῇ τὸ προγνωστικὸν *** τὸ μέλλον ἀποβαίνειν