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Ilion which is at Troy, and fearing defeat, he entrusted to Pelops, his own child, to take money and depart for Epirus, saying these things: If I win, you return again to Phrygia, but if I am defeated, remain in Europe. So Pelops, having taken money, came to Greece in a land called Apia, which land of Apia had as king Oenomaus, who had a daughter named Hippodamia. Then Pelops, having competed there in a chariot race with Oenomaus, and having won, took as his wife the daughter of Oenomaus, Hippodamia, and took possession of the land. And instead of Apia, he called it Peloponnesus, which is, the island of Pelops. Therefore all those descended from Pelops are called Pelopidae, such as Atreus, Thyestes, Agamemnon, and Menelaus, and last of all Orestes. And concerning Pelops, so much; but concerning Cecrops it will now be told. Cecrops became king of Athens, who greatly adorned Attica. This is the one called two-natured. He was called two-natured because he was trained in two languages, one that of Greece, and the other that of Egypt. For it is said that the Athenians are colonists of the Egyptians, from the city of Sais. Therefore this Cecrops became leader of the colony. And having come to Greece he learned the Greek language, while also having the Egyptian. But the story that says the Athenians are autochthonous is a myth, taking its invention from the fact that the inhabitants of Attica never migrated, or rather, were displaced. For since the land was of poor soil, it was not at all desirable, so that those who were there were not driven out for others to settle. And concerning Cecrops, enough; but it is necessary to speak also of Alcmaeon. This Alcmaeon was an Athenian by birth, very distinguished, always wishing to preserve freedom for the Athenians. Therefore, when the city was ruled by the tyrant Pisistratus, this man went into exile, not bearing to see Athens enslaved. Having gone into exile, therefore, he contrived and had the aim of how he might restore freedom to the Athenians. So having gone to Delphi, to the temple of Apollo, he contracted from the Delphians to rebuild the temple for a fee. And having made the contract, and now having under him all the male and female servants of the god, he persuades the priestess, the Pythia, that, if ever a Lacedaemonian should come to consult the oracle, to say nothing else to him than that, "The god tells you to free Athens." When this happened continuously and very often, the Lacedaemonians were stirred up, and coming, they cast out the tyrants from Athens. Therefore from that time Alcmaeon had great fame, having freed Athens by his wisdom. But so much concerning Alcmaeon. Let Aeacus be our fourth subject. This Aeacus was said to be the son of Zeus, most just. Therefore, when a drought once occurred in Greece, the leaders of the cities came to him, asking him to pray to his own father that there might be rain. And he, having stood and prayed, ended the drought through his prayer. And water flowed down, watering Greece. Therefore, from this especially the piety of Aeacus was shown. He therefore begets two sons, Peleus and Telamon, of whom Peleus begets Achilles, and Telamon, Ajax. These were called Aeacidae, bearing from this the honor from their grandfather. Therefore, finally, Heracles remains for us. This Heracles is said to have been a son of Zeus. For Zeus, having made himself like Amphitryon, lay with Alcmene. And Heracles was born, who also accomplished those great labors. Therefore many have been descended from Heracles, of whom the first and most glorious was Hyllus. from whom also came the kings of the Lacedaemonians. Therefore all the kings of the Lacedaemonians were called Heracleidae. 43.2 The second story is concerning the Deer-shooters and Orion and Actaeon. They say that Artemis is the guardian of archery in the hunt. Therefore this goddess is said to shoot the deer with good aim, so that Artemis is heard of as the deer-shooting goddess. And Orion and Actaeon were also hunters. Now Actaeon was a hunter, and he saw Artemis naked. And this was unlawful, to see the gods naked, and especially the

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τὸ ἐπὶ Τροίας Ἴλιον, καὶ φοβούμενος τὴν ἧτταν, ἐπέτρεψε τῷ Πέλοπι, τῷ ἰδίῳ παιδί, λαβόντι χρήματα ἀπᾶραι ἐπὶ τὴν Ἤπειρον, εἰπὼν ταῦτα ὅτι Ἐὰν μὲν νικήσω, ὑποστρέφεις πάλιν εἰς τὴν Φρυγίαν, ἐὰν δὲ ἡττηθῶ, μένε εἰς τὴν Εὐρώπην. λαβὼν οὖν ὁ Πέλοψ χρήματα, ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐν χώρᾳ Ἀπίᾳ καλουμένῃ, ἥτις Ἀπία χώρα βασιλέα εἶχε τὸν Οἰνόμαον, ἔχοντα θυγατέρα Ἱπποδάμειαν ὀνόματι. εἶτα ἀγωνισάμενος ἐνταῦθα ὁ Πέλοψ ἱππικὸν ἀγῶνα μετὰ τοῦ Οἰνομάου, καὶ νικήσας, ἔλαβε γυναῖκα τὴν τοῦ Οἰνομάου θυγατέρα Ἱπποδάμειαν, καὶ κάτεσχε τῆς χώρας. καὶ ἀντὶ Ἀπίας ἐκάλεσεν αὐτὴν Πελοπόννησον, ὅ ἐστιν, ἡ τοῦ Πέλοπος νῆσος. πάντες οὖν οἱ ἀπὸ Πέλοπος καλοῦνται Πελοπίδαι, οἷον Ἀτρεύς, Θυέστης, Ἀγαμέμνων, καὶ Μενέλαος, καὶ τελευταῖος Ὀρέστης. Καὶ περὶ μὲν τοῦ Πέλοπος τοσαῦτα, περὶ δὲ τοῦ Κέκροπος ἤδη λελέξεται. Κέκροψ βασιλεὺς γέγονεν Ἀθηνῶν, ὃς μεγάλως τὴ Ἀττικὴν κατεκόσμησεν. οὗτος δέ ἐστιν ὁ διφυὴς καλούμενος. ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ διφυὴς ὅτι δύο φωνὰς ἦν ἠσκημένος, μίαν μὲν τὴν τῆς Ἑλλάδος, ἑτέραν δὲ τὴν τῆς Αἰγύπτου. λέγεται γὰρ ὅτι οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἄποικοί εἰσιν Αἰγυπτίων, ἀπὸ Σάεως πόλεως. ἡγεμὼν οὖν τῆς ἀποικίας γέγονεν οὗτος ὁ Κέκροψ. καὶ ἐλθὼν εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἔμαθε τὴν Ἑλλάδα φωνήν, ἔχων καὶ τὴν Αἰγυπτίαν. ὁ δὲ λόγος ὁ λέγων αὐτόχθονας εἶναι Ἀθηναίους μῦθός ἐστι, λαβὼν τὸ πλάσμα ἀπὸ τοῦ μηδέποτε μεταστῆναι, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀναστῆναι, τοὺς οἰκήσαντας εἰς τὴν Ἀττικήν. λεπτόγεως γὰρ οὖσα ἡ χώρα, οὐ πάνυ ἦν ζηλωτὴ ὥστε τοὺς ὄντας ἐκδιωχθῆναι καὶ ἄλλους μετοικῆσαι. Καὶ περὶ μὲν Κέκροπος ἅλις, εἰπεῖν δὲ δεῖ καὶ περὶ Ἀλκμαίωνος. ὁ Ἀλκμαίων οὗτος Ἀθηναῖος ἦν τὸ γένος, ἐπίσημος λίαν, τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἀεὶ φυλάττειν ἐθέλων τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις. τυραννευθείσης οὖν τῆς πόλεως ὑπὸ Πεισιστράτου, ἐξῆλθεν οὗτος μὴ φέρων ὁρᾶν δουλευούσας τὰς Ἀθήνας. ἐξελθὼν οὖν μηχανᾶται καὶ σκοπὸν ἔσχε πῶς τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἀποκαταστήσει Ἀθηναίοις. ἀπελθὼν οὖν ἐν ∆ελφοῖς, εἰς τὸ Ἀπολλώνιον ἱερόν, ἐκμισθοῦται παρὰ ∆ελφῶν τὸ ἱερὸν ἐπὶ μισθοφορίᾳ. ἐκμισθωσάμενος δέ, καὶ ἔχων λοιπὸν ὑφ' ἑαυτὸν πάντας καὶ πάσας τοὺς τοῦ θεοῦ διακόνους, πείθει τὴν ἱέρειαν τὴν Πυθίαν ἵνα, εἰ ἔλθοι ποτὲ Λακεδαιμόνιος μαντευσόμενος, μηδὲν ἄλλο λέγειν αὐτῷ ἢ ὅτι Ἐλευθεροῦν τὰς Ἀθήνας λέγει ὑμῖν ὁ θεός. τούτου συνεχῶς καὶ πλειστάκις γινομένου, παρωρμήθησαν Λακεδαιμόνιοι, καὶ ἐλθόντες ἐξέβαλον ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν τοὺς τυράννους. μέγα οὖν κλέος ἔσχεν ἔκτοτε ὁ Ἀλκμαίων, ἐλευθερώσας σοφίᾳ τὰς Ἀθήνας. ἀλλὰ τοσαῦτα περὶ Ἀλκμαίωνος. Αἰακὸς δὲ τέταρτος ἡμῖν ὑποκείσθω. Αἰακὸς δὲ οὗτος υἱὸς ἐλέγετο εἶναι τοῦ ∆ιός, δίκαιος τὰ μάλιστα. διό ποτε ἀβροχίας γενομένης ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι, ἦλθον πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ προεστῶτες τῶν πόλεων παρακαλοῦντες εὔξασθαι τῷ ἰδίῳ πατρὶ ἵνα γένηται ὑετός. ὁ δὲ στὰς καὶ εὐξάμενος, ἔλυσε διὰ τῆς εὐχῆς τοὺς αὐχμούς. καὶ κατερρύη ὕδωρ ποτίζον τὴν Ἑλλάδα. μάλιστα οὖν καὶ ἐκ τούτου ἡ εὐσέβεια ἐδείχθη τοῦ Αἰακοῦ. οὗτος οὖν γεννᾷ δύο υἱούς, τὸν Πηλέα καὶ τὸν Τελαμῶνα, ὧν ὁ μὲν Πηλεὺς τίκτει τὸν Ἀχιλλέα, ὁ δὲ Τελαμὼν τὸν Αἴαντα. οἵτινες ἐκαλοῦντο Αἰακίδαι, τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ πάππου τιμὴν ἐκ τούτου προσφερόμενοι. Λοιπὸν τοίνυν ὑπολείπεται ἡμῖν Ἡρακλῆς. Ἡρακλῆς οὗτος λέγεται υἱὸς γεγονέναι τοῦ ∆ιός. ὁ γὰρ Ζεὺς ὁμοιωθεὶς τῷ Ἀμφιτρύωνι συνεγένετο τῇ Ἀλκμήνῃ. καὶ ἐγεννήθη ὁ Ἡρακλῆς, ὃς καὶ τοὺς μεγάλους ἐκείνους ἄθλους διήνυσεν. πολλοὶ οὖν γεγόνασιν ἀπὸ Ἡρακλέους, ὧν πρῶτος καὶ ἔνδοξος ὁ Ὕλλος. ἐξ οὗ καὶ οἱ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεῖς. πάντες οὖν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων Ἡρακλεῖδαι ἐλέγοντο. 43.2 ∆ευτέρα ἐστὶν ἱστορία ἡ περὶ τῶν Ἐλαφηβόλων καὶ Ὠρίωνος καὶ Ἀκταίωνος. Τὴν Ἄρτεμιν λέγουσι τῆς κατὰ θήραν τοξείας εἶναι ἔφορον. λέγεται οὖν αὕτη ἡ θεὸς βάλλειν εὐστόχως τὰς ἐλάφους, ὥστε ἀκοῦσαι τὴν Ἄρτεμιν ἐλαφηβόλον θεόν. Ὁ δὲ Ὠρίων καὶ Ἀκταίων θηρευταὶ καὶ οὗτοι ὑπῆρχον. ὁ μὲν οὖν Ἀκταίων κυνηγέτης ἦν, καὶ εἶδε τὴν Ἄρτεμιν γυμνήν. ἦν δὲ ἀθέμιτον τοῦτο, τὸ τοὺς θεοὺς ἰδεῖν γυμνούς, καὶ μάλιστα τὰς