they came into the midst and a certain lawyer, considered very learned among them, asks what is the great commandment in the law, thinking that he was about to set aside the things of Moses, and to set forth his own teaching or <to say> "you shall love the Lord your God and me," joining his own glory to the glory of the Father, and thus he would find a place to put him in danger as one making himself God, or, if he should pass this over in silence, to say: "Therefore I do not accept you as God." But the Lord, saying nothing new but the things of the law, and in this way silencing the Pharisees, he himself also asks them whose son they think the Christ is. 253 Mt 22, 43-46 How then does David in spirit call him Lord? For it is fitting, he says, for fathers to be called lords of their sons because they have their sons under their own authority, but on the contrary, David calls the one from his own seed his Lord. 254 Mt 23, 4 Woe to you, therefore, O lawyers, because for others who transgress the law, which is admittedly burdensome, you impose the penalty of death, but you yourselves do not even touch the law. 255 Mt 23, 11-12 Since it is for the most part possible to see those who teach new doctrines as having arrived at the dignity of teaching out of a love for vainglory and arrogance, the Lord removes this suspicion and cuts off the path as one leading to destruction. If, therefore, he says, you desire glory and the first places, seek the rank of servants and of those who are last and practice humility. 256 Mt 23, 15 He calls a son of Gehenna one who is perishing from unbelief, as having slipped into such impiety and having reached such a measure of lawlessness as to have an unmediated affinity for the flame and, so to speak, a kinship for unquestionably enduring <the> torments. 257 Mt 23, 22 For this reason the scriptures call heaven "the throne of God," because God rests upon the powers above; for in heaven are the angels who do his will and always glorify him; for this is his rest. "and the earth is the footstool of his feet;" for on it he conversed with men through the flesh. The holy flesh of God is also called his foot and is named in various ways. 258 Mt 23, 23 Do you demand, he says? O Pharisees, the tithes perhaps even of humble vegetables, while neglecting the commandments, in which the transgression is greater. And what are these commandments? Judgment, that is, to judge rightly and blamelessly, and mercy, that is, genuineness toward God; for judgment and mercy and faith in God are better than tithe and first-fruits. Wherefore also through the prophet the God of all says: And now, Israel, "what does the Lord" God "require of you but to do judgment and to love" and to seek "mercy and to be ready to walk with the Lord" your "God." For in being exceedingly ready to follow, what pertains to genuine faith is seen to be preserved. See the rebuke: you demand, he says, O Pharisees, the tithes perhaps even of humble vegetables while neglecting the commandments, in which the transgression is greater. And what are these commandments? Judgment, that is, to judge rightly, and mercy and faith in God; for these are better than tithe and first-fruits. Wherefore also through the prophet the God of all says: And now, Israel, "what does the Lord" God "require of you but to do judgment and to love" and to seek "mercy and to be ready to walk with the Lord" your "God." 259 Mt 23, 25 Through these things he describes the life of the Pharisees, exhorting them not only to be formed by outward appearances, but also to have the inward things clean, those pertaining to the mind and heart. 260 Mt 23, 29-36 What then does the Savior say? We shall investigate precisely. The fathers of the Jews at various times killed the holy prophets who conveyed the divine word to them; but those from
ἦλθον εἰς μέσον καὶ νομομαθής τις ἄγαν παρ' αὐτοῖς νομιζόμενος ἐρωτᾷ ποία ἐντολὴ μεγάλη ἐν τῷ νόμῳ, οἰηθεὶς ὅτι μέλλει μὲν τὰ Μω σέως παραγράφεσθαι, παρατιθέναι δὲ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ διδασκαλίαν ἢ <εἰπεῖν> ὅτι ἀγαπήσεις κύριον τὸν θεόν σου καὶ ἐμέ, παραζευγνὺς ἑαυτοῦ τὴν δόξαν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ οὕτως εὑρίσκει τόπον τοῦ ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς κίνδυνον ὡς θεοποιοῦντα ἑαυτὸν ἤ, εἰ τοῦτο παρασιωπήσει, λέγειν· οὐκοῦν οὐ προσδέχομαί σε ὡς θεόν. ὁ δὲ κύριος οὐδὲν καινὸν εἰπὼν ἀλλὰ τὰ τοῦ νόμου καὶ ταύτῃ ἐπιστομίσας τοὺς Φαρισαίους ἐρωτᾷ καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτοὺς τίνος υἱὸν νομίζουσιν τὸν Χριστόν. 253 Mt 22, 43-46 Πῶς οὖν ∆αυὶδ ἐν πνεύματι κύριον αὐτὸν καλεῖ; δέον γάρ φησιν τοὺς πατέρας τῶν υἱῶν κυρίους ὀνομάζεσθαι διὰ τὸ ἔχειν αὐτοὺς ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτῶν ἐξουσίαν τοὺς υἱούς, τοὐναντίον ὁ ∆αυὶδ τὸν ἐκ σπέρ ματος ἑαυτοῦ κύριον αὐτοῦ καλεῖ. 254 Mt 23, 4 Οὐαὶ τοίνυν ὑμῖν, ὦ νομικοί, ὅτι φορτικὸν ὁμολογουμένως ὄντα τὸν νόμον τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις πατοῦσιν αὐτὸν θανάτου δίκην ἐπάγετε, αὐτοὶ δὲ τοῦ νόμου οὐδὲ προσψαύετε. 255 Mt 23, 11-12 Ἐπειδὴ τοὺς καινὰ δόγματα διδάσκοντας ὡς ἐπίπαν ἰδεῖν ἔστι κενοδοξίας καὶ ἀλαζονείας ἔρωτι εἰς τὸ τῆς διδασκαλίας ἀξίωμα παρα γενομένους, ἀναιρεῖ ὁ κύριος ταύτην τὴν ὑπόνοιαν καὶ τὴν ὁδὸν ἐκκό πτει ὡς ἐπ' ὄλεθρον ἄγουσαν. εἰ τοίνυν, φησίν, δόξης τε καὶ πρωτείων ἐρᾷς, τὴν τῶν διακόνων καὶ ὑστέρων τάξιν ἐπιζήτει καὶ ταπεινοφροσύνην ἄσκει. 256 Mt 23, 15 Υἱὸν γεέννης φησὶ τὸν ἀπολλύμενον ἐξ ἀπιστίας ὡς δυσσεβείας εἰς τοῦτο κατολισθεῖν καὶ εἰς τοῦτο παρανομίας ἀφικέσθαι μέτρον ὡς ἀμεσίτευτον ἔχειν πρὸς φλόγα τὴν οἰκειότητα καὶ μονονουχὶ συγγένειαν τὴν πρὸς <τὸ τὰς> αἰκίας ἀναμφιλόγως διενεγκεῖν. 257 Mt 23, 22 ∆ιὰ τοῦτο δὲ "θρόνον θεοῦ" τὸν οὐρανὸν ὀνομάζουσιν αἱ γραφαί, ὅτι ταῖς ἄνω δυνάμεσι θεὸς ἐπαναπαύεται· ἐν οὐρανῷ γάρ εἰσιν οἱ ποιοῦντες τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ ἄγγελοι καὶ ἀεὶ δοξάζοντες αὐτόν· αὕτη γὰρ αὐτῷ ἀνάπαυσις. "ἡ δὲ γῆ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ"· ἐν αὐτῇ γὰρ διὰ σαρκὸς τοῖς ἀνθρώποις συνανεστράφη. ποὺς δὲ θεοῦ ἡ ἁγία αὐτοῦ σὰρξ καὶ διαφόρως ὀνομάζεται. 258 Mt 23, 23 Ἀπαιτεῖτε, φησίν; ὦ Φαρι σαῖοι, τὰς δεκάτας τάχα που καὶ λαχάνων λεπτῶν παρέντες τὰς ἐντο λάς, ἐφ' αἷς ἐστιν μείζων ἡ παρά βασις. καὶ ποῖα ταῦτά ἐστιν τὰ ἐντάλματα; ἡ κρίσις, τοῦτ' ἔστιν τὸ κρίνειν ὀρθὰ καὶ ἀμώμητα, καὶ τὸ ἔλεος, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ἡ εἰς θεὸν γνησιότης· ἄμεινον γὰρ κρίσις καὶ ἔλεος καὶ πίστις ἡ εἰς θεὸν δεκάτης καὶ ἀπαρχῆς. διὸ καὶ διὰ τοῦ προφήτου φησὶν ὁ τῶν ὅλων θεός· καὶ νῦν, Ἰσραήλ, "τί κύριος" ὁ θεὸς "ζητεῖ παρὰ σοῦ ἀλλ' ἢ τοῦ ποιεῖν κρίμα καὶ ἀγαπᾶν" καὶ ζη τεῖν "ἔλεον καὶ ἕτοιμον εἶναι τοῦ πορεύεσθαι μετὰ κυρίου" τοῦ "θεοῦ σου". ἐν γὰρ τῷ λίαν ἑτοίμῳ πρὸς ἀκολούθησιν τὸ εἰς πίστιν γνησίαν ὁρᾶται σῳζόμενον. Ὅρα τὴν ἐπίπληξιν· ἀπαιτεῖτε, φησίν, ὦ Φαρισαῖοι, τὰς δεκάτας τάχα που καὶ λαχάνων λεπτῶν παρ έντες τὰς ἐντολάς, ἐφ' αἷς ἐστι μείζων ἡ παράβασις. ποῖαι δὲ αὗται αἱ ἐντολαί; ἡ κρίσις, τοῦτ' ἔστιν τὸ κρίνειν ὀρθὰ καὶ τὸ ἔλεος καὶ ἡ πίστις εἰς θεόν· ταῦτα γὰρ ἀμείνω δεκάτης καὶ ἀπαρχῆς. διὸ καὶ διὰ τοῦ προφήτου φησὶν ὁ τῶν ὅλων θεός· καὶ νῦν, Ἰσραήλ, "τί κύριος" ὁ θεὸς "ζητεῖ παρὰ σοῦ ἀλλ' ἢ τοῦ ποιεῖν κρίμα καὶ ἀγα πᾶν" καὶ ζητεῖν "ἔλεον καὶ ἕτοιμον εἶναι τοῦ πορεύεσθαι μετὰ κυρίου" τοῦ "θεοῦ σου". 259 Mt 23, 25 διὰ τούτων τὸν τῶν Φαρισαίων διαγράφει βίον παραινῶν μὴ τοῖς ἔξω θεν σχηματισμοῖς πλάττεσθαι μόνον, ἀλλ' ἔχειν καὶ τὰ ἔσωθεν κα θαρὰ τὰ εἰς νοῦν καὶ καρδίαν. 260 Mt 23, 29-36 Τί δὴ ἄρα φησὶν ὁ σωτήρ, ἀκριβῶς ἐρευνήσομεν. οἱ μὲν τῶν Ἰου δαίων πατέρες ἀπέκτειναν κατὰ καιροὺς τοὺς ἁγίους προφήτας τὸν θεῖον αὐτοῖς διαπορθμεύοντας λόγον· οἵ γε μὴν ἐξ