a

of a question. But it should be known, that the conjunction ἵνα subordinates; but if the word τί is added, it changes to a past indicative, and the subordination is dissolved. ΕΦΡΥΑΞΑΝ, is a verb part of speech, of the aorist tense. What is the theme? Φρυάσσω. And whence does it come? From ὀφρὺς, genitive ὀφρύος, comes ὀφρυάσσω, and with the dropping of the O, φρυάσσω. And whence does ὀφρὺς come? From φέρω, comes φορὺς, and by metathesis, ὀφρύς; or from ὤψ, genitive ὠπός, which means the eye, and from φρουρῶ, which is φυλάσσω, comes ὠποφρὺς, and by syncope, ὀφρύς, and with the shortening of Ω to O, he who guards the face. With the O smooth, why? E and O before an aspirate become smooth, e.g. ὄφις, ἔθνος, Ἔφεσος, ὀφρύς. Why does it take the circumflex? Monosyllables in -ΥΣ take the circumflex, e.g. μῦς, σῦς, δρῦς, and with them are included ἰχθῦς, ἀπφῦς, Διονῦς, ὀσφῦς, ὀ[σ]φρῦς. The -ΦΡΥΣ is long. Words ending in -ΥΣ that have the accent on the end and are declined with a pure -ΟΣ have a long final syllable, but in the genitive it shortens it again. How is ὀφρὺς declined? Genitive ὀφρύος. The rule: of the oxytones, those having a 67 long Υ are declined with a pure -ΟΣ, like οἰζύος, Ἐριννύος. The -ΦΡΥ in the genitive is short, why? Words in -ΥΣ, whether monosyllabic or polysyllabic with a long final syllable, shorten the Y in the genitive, e.g. μῦς, genitive μυός; σῦς, genitive συός; and with them are included ἰχθῦς, ἀπφῦς, Διονῦς, ὀσφῦς, ὀ[σ]φρῦς. And why do ἰχθῦς and ὀσφῦς and ὀφρῦς, being of more than one syllable, take the circumflex and are not (μή) oxytone, like Ἐριννὺς and πληθύς? It must be known that these alone take the circumflex, being of more than one syllable; for the others, even if they have a long Y, are nonetheless oxytone. But why do ἀπφῦς and Διονῦς take the circumflex, like ὁ Διονῦς, genitive τοῦ Διονῦ; ὁ λασῦς, genitive τοῦ λασῦ; ὁ λαρδῦς, genitive τοῦ λαρδῦ; ὁ ἀπφῦς, genitive τοῦ ἀπφῦ? And such words have a long Y in the genitive, because every genitive that is isolsyllabic with its own nominative has a long final syllable. From ὀφρῦς, then, comes φρυάσσω, a verb of the second conjugation of the barytones. In φρυάσσω the A is short; derivative verbs pronounced with two ΣΣ, of more than two syllables, barytone, if they have a vowel of uncertain quantity before the end, shorten it, like ἀνάσσω, πατάσσω, ἀλλάσσω; except if they are formed from a noun, as is the case with θάλασσα, θαλασσῶ; λύσσα, λυσσῶ; πίσσα, πισσῶ. Φρυάσσω, future φρυάξω, the aorist ἐφρύαξα; the third person plural ἐφρύαξαν. The rule: as many of them as do not have the participle in Σ with an acute accent have the Γ of the first [person] with a necessary shortening. ΕΘΝΗ, nominative plural of neuter gender; the nominative is τὸ ἔθνος, of a derivative type, of the type of verbal derivatives. Whence does it come? From θείνω, which is φονεύω, comes θένος, and by metathesis, ἔθνος; or from ἔθω, I do something suddenly, from which also comes εἴωθα; to each nation its own custom follows. Smooth, why? E and O before an aspirate become smooth, except for the pronoun ἕθεν. (Why) is it barytone? Neuter disyllables ending in -ΟΣ of a single kind are barytone, for example, ἄχθος, ἔχθος, πάρος, πένθος, βάθος, βένθος, ἔθος, and thus also ἔθνος. ΛΑΟΣ is a part of speech, a noun, of masculine gender, 68 of a derivative type, of the type of derivatives that fall under the collective noun. Define it. A collective is that which in the singular number signifies a multitude, for example δῆμος, χορός, ὄχλος, λαός. What is the difference between the distributive and the collective? It differs, in that the distributive from its own distribution has an emphasis towards all [individuals]; but the collective does not signify from distribution, but signifies the collection in itself. Whence does it come? From λαλῶ comes λαλός, then λαός; or from λᾶας, the stone, genitive λάαος, and by crasis of the two A's into a long A, λᾶος, and the genitive is changed into a nominative, and becomes oxytone; for genitives changed into nominatives often change their accents, for example, υι῾῀ς, υἱός, and by crasis υ῾῀ος, and ὑός; and so thus also λᾶας, genitive λάαος, and λᾶος, nominative λαός. And why are the common noun λᾶας and the adjective μέγας declined with a pure -ΟΣ? Because having changed over time, they also changed in their declension; for example, ὁ λᾶας, genitive τοῦ λάαος, and ὁ μέγας, genitive τοῦ

ᾶ

ἐρωτήσεως. Ἰστέον δὲ, ο῾´τι ὁ ι῾´να σύνδεσμος ὑποτάσσει· ἐὰν δὲ τὸ τὶ προσέλθῃ μετάγετ' ει᾿ς παρωχημένην ὁριστικ., καὶ λύεται ἡ ὑποταγή. ἘΦΡΎΑΞΑΝ, μέρος λόγου ε᾿στὶ ῥήματος, χρόνου α᾿ορίστου. Τὸ θέμα πῶς ε᾿στι; Φρυάσσω. Καὶ πόθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ ὀφρὺς ο᾿φρύος, ο᾿φρυάσσω, καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ Ο φρυάσσω. Τὸ δὲ ὀφρὺς πόθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ φέρω, φορὺς, καὶ ἐν ὑπερβιβασμῷ ὀφρύς· η᾿` παρὰ τὸ ω᾿`ψ, ω᾿πο`ς, ο῾` σημαίνει τὸν ο᾿φθαλμὸν, καὶ τοῦ φρουρῶ τὸ φυλάσσω, ω᾿ποφρὺς, καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ ὀφρὺς, καὶ συστολῇ τοῦ Ω ει᾿ς Ο, ὁ τὴν ω᾿῀πα φυλάσσων. Ει᾿ς τὸ Ο ψιλὸν, διατί; Τὸ Ε Ο πρὸ δασέως ψιλοῦται, ο᾿´φις, ε᾿´θνος,Ἔφεσος, ο᾿φρύς. ∆ιατί περισπᾶται; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΥΣ μονοσύλλαβα περισπῶνται, μῦς, σῦς, δρῦς, συναπηνέχθη δὲ αυ᾿τοῖς τὸ ἰχθῦς, α᾿πφῦς, ∆ιονῦς, ο᾿σφῦς, ο᾿[σ]φρῦς. Τὸ ΦΡΥΣ μακρόν. Τὰ ει᾿ς ΥΣ ε᾿πι` τέλους ε᾿´χοντα τὸν τόνον καὶ διὰ καθαροῦ τοῦ ΟΣ κλινόμενα μακροκαταληκτεῖ, ε᾿πι` δὲ τῆς γενικῆς πάλιν συστέλλει αυ᾿το´.Ὀφρὺς πῶς κλίνεται; Τῆς ο᾿φρύος.Ὁ κανών· τῶν δὲ ὀξυτόνων τὰ μὲν ε᾿´χοντα 67 μακρὸν τὸ Υ διὰ καθαροῦ τοῦ ΟΣ κλίνεται, οι῾῀ον οι᾿ζυ´ος,Ἐριν νύος. Τὸ ΦΡΥ ε᾿πι` τῆς γενικῆς βραχὺ, διατί; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΙΣ ει᾿´τε μονοσύλλαβα, ει᾿´τε ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν μακροκατάληκτα, συστέλλουσι τὸ Υ ε᾿πι` τῆς γενικῆς, οι῾῀ον μῦς μυὸς, σῦς συός· συναπηνέχθη δὲ αυ᾿τοῖς τὸ ἰχθῦς, α᾿πφῦς, ∆ιονῦς, ο᾿σφῦς, ο᾿[σ]φρῦς. Καὶ διατί τὸ ἰχθῦς καὶ ὀσφῦς καὶ ὀφρῦς ὑπὲρ μίαν συλ λαβὴν ο᾿´ντα περισπῶνται καὶ (μὴ) ο᾿ξυ´νεται, ω῾´σπερ τὸἘριννὺς καὶ πληθύς;Ἰστέον, ο῾´τι ταῦτα μόνα περισπῶνται, ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν ο᾿´ντα· τὰ γὰρ α᾿´λλα, ει᾿ καὶ μακρὸν ε᾿´χουσι τὸ Υ, α᾿λλ' ο᾿ξυ´νονται. Τὸ δὲ ἀπφῦς καὶ ∆ιονῦς διατί περισπῶνται, οι῾῀ον ὁ ∆ιονῦς τοῦ ∆ιονῦ, ὁ λασῦς τοῦ λασῦ, ὁ λαρδῦς τοῦ λαρδῦ, ὁ ἀπφῦς τοῦ ἀπφῦ; Τὰ δὲ τοιαῦτα μακρὸν ε᾿´χουσι τὸ Υ ε᾿πι` τῆς γενικῆς, διότι π σα γενικὴ ἰσοσυλλαβοῦσα τῇ ι᾿δι´ᾳ ευ᾿θείᾳ μακροκαταληκτεῖ.Ἐκ τοῦ ὀφρῦς ου᾿῀ν γίνεται φρυάσσω, ῥῆμα συζυγίας δευτέρας τῶν βαρυτόνων. Φρυ άσσω τὸ Α βραχύ· τὰ διὰ δύο ΣΣ ε᾿κφερόμενα παράγωγα ῥήματα ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς βαρύτονα, ει᾿ ε᾿´χουσι δίχρονον πρὸ τέλους, συστέλλει αυ᾿το`, οι῾῀ον α᾿να´σσω, πατάσσω, α᾿λ λάσσω· χωρὶς ει᾿ μὴ ἀπὸ ὀνόματος γίνωνται, ὡς ε᾿´χει τὸ θάλασσα θαλασσῶ, λύσσα λυσσῶ, πίσσα πισσῶ. Φρυάσσω φρυάξω, ὁ ἀόριστος ε᾿φρύαξα· τὸ τρίτον τῶν πληθυντικῶν ε᾿φρύαξαν.Ὁ κανών· ο῾´σοι δὲ αυ᾿τω῀ν ου᾿κ ε᾿´χει τὴν μετοχὴν ει᾿ς Σ μετ' ο᾿ξείας ε᾿νδέον συστολῇ τὸ Γ ε᾿´χουσι τοῦ πρώτου. ἜΘΝΗ πρωτ. ευ᾿θεί. τῶν πληθυντικῶν γένους ου᾿δετέρου· ἡ ευ᾿θεῖα τὸ ε᾿´θνος, ει᾿´δους παραγώγου, ει᾿´δους τῶν παραγώγων ῥηματικοῦ. Πόθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ θείνω, τὸ φονεύω, γίνεται θένος, καὶ ἐν ὑπερβιβασμῷ, ε᾿´θνος· η᾿` παρὰ τὸ ε᾿´θω τὸ ἐξαίφνης τι διαπράττομαι, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ τὸ ει᾿´ωθα· ἑκάστῳ ε᾿´θνει ι᾿´διον ε᾿´θος ε῾´πεται. Ψιλὸν, διατί; Τὸ Ε Ο πρὸ δασέος ψιλοῦται, χωρὶς τοῦ ε῾´θεν α᾿ντωνυμία. (∆ιατὶ) βαρύνεται; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΟΣ λήγοντα ου᾿δε´τερα δισύλλαβα μονογενῆ βαρύ νονται, οι῾῀ον, α᾿´χθος, ε᾿´χθος, πάρος, πένθος, βάθος, βένθος, ε᾿´θος, ου῾´τως ου᾿῀ν καὶ ε᾿´θνος. ΛΑῸΣ μέρος λόγου ε᾿στὶν, ο᾿νο´ματος, γένους α᾿ρσενικοῦ, 68 ει᾿´δους παραγώγου, ει᾿´δους τῶν παραγώγων τῶν ὑποπεπτω κότων τῷ ὀνόματι περιληπτικοῦ. ∆ιόρισον. Περιληπτικὸν δέ ἐστι τὸ τῷ ἑνικῷ ἀριθμῷ πλῆθος σημαινόμενον, οι῾῀ον δῆμος, χορὸς, ο᾿´χλος, λαός. Τί διαφέρει τὸ ἐπιμεριζόμενον τοῦ περιληπτικοῦ; ∆ιαφέρει, ο῾´τι τὸ μὲν ε᾿πιμεριζόμενον ε᾿κ τοῦ καθ' ἑαυτοῦ(ὸν) ε᾿πιμερισμοῦ τὴν πρὸς πάντας ε᾿´μφασιν ε᾿´χει· τὸ δὲ περιληπτικὸν ου᾿κ ἐξ ε᾿πιμερισμοῦ, α᾿λλ' αυ᾿το´θεν τὴν περίληψιν σημαίνει. Πόθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ λαλῶ λαλὸς λαός· η᾿` παρὰ τὸ λάας ὁ λίθος, ἡ γενικὴ λάαος, καὶ κράσει τῶν δύο Α ει᾿ς Α μακρὸν, λᾶος, καὶ μετάγεται ἡ γενικὴ ει᾿ς ευ᾿θεῖαν, καὶ ὀξύνεται· αἱ γὰρ γενικαὶ αἱ μεταγόμεναι ει᾿ς ευ᾿θεῖαν πολλάκις α᾿μείβουσαι τοὺς τόνους, οι῾῀ον, υι῾῀ς υἱὸς, καὶ κράσει υ῾῀ος, καὶ ὑός· ου῾´τως ου᾿῀ν καὶ λάας λάαος καὶ λᾶος λαός. Καὶ διατί τὸ λάας τὸ προσηγορικὸν καὶ τὸ μέγας τὸ ἐπίθετον διὰ καθαροῦ τοῦ ΟΣ κλίνονται; ∆ιότι ε᾿ναλ λάξαντα κατὰ τὸν χρόνον, ε᾿νη´λλαξαν καὶ κατὰ τὴν κλίσιν· οι῾῀ον ὁ λάας, τοῦ λάαος, καὶ ὁ μέγας, τοῦ