John Chrysostom, On Priesthood

But had it been entrusted to me, I would never have committed this sin. But all these things are weak for a defense, and not only weak, but also dangerous, and they rather kindle God's anger. For one who has been honored beyond his desert ought not to put forward the greatness of the honor as a defense for his sins, but to use God's great earnestness concerning him for greater progress in improvement. But he who, because he has obtained a greater dignity, thinks it is permissible for him to sin on this account, has striven to show nothing other than the loving-kindness of God as the cause of his own sins; which is what the impious and those who manage their own lives carelessly are always accustomed to say. But we must not be so disposed, nor fall into the same madness as they, but everywhere be eager to contribute what is in our power and to have a reverent tongue and mind. For not even Eli—that leaving aside royalty, we may now come to the priesthood, which is the subject of our discourse—was eager to acquire the office. What help, then, was this to him when he sinned? and why do I say, to acquire? Indeed, it was not even possible for him to escape it, if he had wished, because of the necessity of the law; for he was of the tribe of Levi and had to accept the office which descended from of old through his lineage; but nevertheless even he paid no small penalty for the drunken violence of his children. What about the man himself who was the first priest of the Jews, about whom God spoke so many things to Moses? Since he was not strong enough to stand alone against the madness of so great a multitude, he came very near to perishing, had not his brother's intercession assuaged God's anger. But since we have mentioned Moses, it is well also to show the truth of the argument from the things that happened to him; for this blessed Moses himself was so far from seizing the leadership of the Jews that he both refused it when offered and, when God commanded, he declined and provoked Him who commanded. And not only then, but also after this, when he was in the office, he would gladly have died to be rid of it. “Kill me,” he says, “if you are going to treat me so.” What then? When he sinned at the water, were these continual refusals strong enough to make a defense for him and persuade God to grant forgiveness? and for what other reason was he deprived of the promised land? For no other reason, as we all know, than on account of this sin, for which that wonderful man was not able to obtain the same things as those he ruled; but after the many years and hardships, after that unspeakable wandering and the wars and the trophies, he died outside the land for which he had toiled so much; and having endured the evils of the sea, he did not enjoy the good things of the harbor. Do you see that not only for those who seize it, but not even for those who come to it through the earnestness of others, is any defense left in whatever things they may have stumbled? For where those who refused many times when God was appointing them paid so great a penalty, and nothing was able to deliver from this danger either Aaron, or Eli, or that blessed man, the holy one, the prophet, the wonderful one, the meekest of all men on the earth, who spoke with God as a friend, scarcely will the consciousness of having sought nothing for this office be able to suffice for a defense for us who are so far short of his virtue, and especially when many of these ordinations come not from divine grace, but also from the eagerness of men. God chose Judas and enrolled him in that holy company and entrusted him with the apostolic dignity along with the rest; and He gave him something more than the others, the stewardship of the money. What then? Since he used both of these things wrongly and betrayed Him whom he was entrusted to preach and squandered badly those things he was entrusted to manage well, did he escape his punishment? For this very reason therefore

ἐγχειρισθεὶς δέ, οὐκ ἄν ποτε ταύτην ἥμαρτον τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα πάντα ἀσθενῆ πρὸς ἀπολογίαν, οὐκ ἀσθενῆ δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπικίνδυνα, καὶ μᾶλλον ἐκκαίει τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν ὀργήν. Τὸν γὰρ ὑπὲρ τὴν ἀξίαν τιμηθέντα οὐκ εἰς τὴν τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἀπολογίαν χρὴ προβάλλεσθαι τῆς τιμῆς τὸ μέγεθος, ἀλλ' εἰς μείζονα βελτιώσεως προκοπὴν κεχρῆσθαι τῇ πολλῇ περὶ αὐτὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ σπουδῇ. Ὁ δέ, διότι κρείττονος ἔτυχεν ἀξιώματος, διὰ τοῦτο ἁμαρτάνειν αὐτῷ νομίζων ἐξεῖναι, οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίαν αἰτίαν τῶν οἰκείων ἁμαρτημάτων ἐπιδεῖξαι ἐσπούδακεν· ὅπερ τοῖς ἀσεβέσι καὶ ῥαθύμως τὸν ἑαυτῶν διοικοῦσι βίον λέγειν ἔθος ἀεί. Ἀλλ' οὐχ ἡμᾶς οὕτω διακεῖσθαι χρή, οὐδὲ εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν ἐκείνοις ἐκπίπτειν μανίαν, ἀλλὰ πανταχοῦ σπουδάζειν τὰ παρ' ἑαυτῶν εἰσφέρειν εἰς δύναμιν τὴν ἡμετέραν καὶ εὔφημον καὶ γλῶτταν καὶ διάνοιαν ἔχειν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ Ἠλί-ἵνα τὴν βασιλείαν ἀφέντες, ἐπὶ τὴν ἱερωσύνην περὶ ἧς ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος ἔλθωμεν νῦν-ἐσπούδασε κτήσασθαι τὴν ἀρχήν. Τί οὖν αὐτὸν τοῦτο, ἡνίκα ἥμαρτεν, ὤνησεν; καὶ τί λέγω, κτήσασθαι; Οὐδὲ διαφυγεῖν μὲν οὖν, εἴπερ ἤθελε, δυνατὸν ἦν αὐτῷ, διὰ τὴν ἀνάγκην τοῦ νόμου· καὶ γὰρ ἦν τῆς Λευῒ φυλῆς καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν διὰ τοῦ γένους ἄνωθεν καταβαίνουσαν ἔδει δέξασθαι· ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ οὗτος τῆς τῶν παίδων παροινίας ἔδωκε δίκην οὐ μικράν. Τί δὲ αὐτὸς ὁ πρῶτος γενόμενος τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἱερεὺς περὶ οὗ τοσαῦτα διελέχθη ὁ Θεὸς τῷ Μωϋσεῖ; Ἐπειδὴ μὴ ἴσχυσε μόνος πρὸς τοσούτου πλήθους στῆναι μανίαν, οὐ παρὰ μικρὸν ἦλθεν ἀπολέσθαι, εἰ μὴ ἡ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ προστασία ἔλυσε τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν ὀργήν. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ Μωϋσέως ἐμνήσθημεν, καλὸν καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἐκείνῳ συμβεβηκότων δεῖξαι τοῦ λόγου τὴν ἀλήθειαν· αὐτὸς γὰρ οὗτος ὁ μακάριος Μωϋσῆς τοσοῦτον ἀπέσχε τοῦ τὴν προστασίαν ἁρπάσαι τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὡς καὶ διδομένην παρῃτῆσθαι καὶ Θεοῦ κελεύοντος ἀνανεῦσαι καὶ παροξῦναι τὸν προστάττοντα. Καὶ οὐ τότε μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα, γενόμενος ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς, ὑπὲρ τοῦ ταύτης ἀπαλλαγῆναι ἡδέως ἀπέθνησκεν. «Ἀπόκτεινον γάρ με, φησίν, εἰ οὕτω μοι μέλλεις ποιεῖν.» Τί οὖν; ἐπειδὴ ἥμαρτεν ἐπὶ τοῦ ὕδατος, ἴσχυσαν αἱ συνεχεῖς αὗται παραιτήσεις ἀπολογήσασθαι ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ καὶ πεῖσαι τὸν Θεὸν δοῦναι συγγνώμην; καὶ πόθεν ἄλλοθεν τῆς ἐπηγγελμένης ἀπεστερεῖτο γῆς; Οὐδαμόθεν, ὡς ἅπαντες ἴσμεν, ἀλλ' ἢ διὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ταύτην δι' ἣν ὁ θαυμαστὸς ἐκεῖνος ἀνὴρ οὐκ ἴσχυσε τῶν αὐτῶν τοῖς ἀρχομένοις τυχεῖν· ἀλλὰ μετὰ τοὺς πολλοὺς χρόνους καὶ τὰς ταλαιπωρίας, μετὰ τὴν πλάνην ἐκείνην τὴν ἄφατον καὶ τοὺς πολέμους καὶ τὰ τρόπαια, ἔξω τῆς γῆς ἀπέθνησκεν ὑπὲρ ἧς τοσαῦτα ἐμόχθησε καὶ τὰ τοῦ πελάγους ὑπομείνας κακά, τῶν τοῦ λιμένος οὐκ ἀπήλαυσεν ἀγαθῶν. Ὁρᾷς ὡς οὐ τοῖς ἁρπάζουσι μόνον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τοῖς ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρων σπουδῆς ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἐρχομένοις, λείπεταί τις ἐν οἷς ἂν πταίσωσιν ἀπολογία. Ὅπου γὰρ οἱ τοῦ Θεοῦ χειροτονοῦντος παραιτησάμενοι πολλάκις τοσαύτην ἔδωκαν δίκην καὶ οὐδὲν ἴσχυσεν ἐξελέσθαι τοῦ κινδύνου τούτου οὔτε τὸν Ἀαρών, οὔτε τὸν Ἠλί, οὔτε τὸν μακάριον ἐκεῖνον ἄνδρα, τὸν ἅγιον, τὸν προφήτην, τὸν θαυμαστόν, τὸν πρᾶον μάλιστα πάντων τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, τὸν ὡς φίλον λαλοῦντα τῷ Θεῷ, σχολῇ γε ἡμῖν τοῖς τοσοῦτον ἀποδέουσι τῆς ἀρετῆς τῆς ἐκείνου δυνήσεται πρὸς ἀπολογίαν ἀρκέσαι τὸ συνειδέναι ἑαυτοῖς μηδὲν ὑπὲρ ταύτης ἐσπουδακόσι τῆς ἀρχῆς, καὶ μάλιστα ὅτε πολλαὶ τούτων τῶν χειροτονιῶν οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς θείας γίνονται χάριτος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων σπουδῆς. Τὸν Ἰούδαν ὁ Θεὸς ἐξελέξατο καὶ εἰς τὸν ἅγιον ἐκεῖνον κατέλεξε χορὸν καὶ τὴν ἀποστολικὴν ἀξίαν μετὰ τῶν λοιπῶν ἐνεχείρισεν· ἔδωκε δέ τι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων πλέον αὐτῷ, τὴν τῶν χρημάτων οἰκονομίαν. Τί οὖν; ἐπειδὴ τούτοις ἀμφοτέροις ἐναντίως ἐχρήσατο καὶ ὃν ἐπιστεύθη κηρύττειν προὔδωκε καὶ ἃ καλῶς διοικεῖν ἐνεχειρίσθη ταῦτα ἀνήλωσε κακῶς, ἐξέφυγε τὴν τιμωρίαν; ∆ι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν