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silly women laden with sins, led away by various lusts and pleasures, always learning, and never to a knowledge of truth

able to come. 1. In the former epistle he said that, The Spirit says expressly, that in latter times some shall depart 62.637 from the faith; and again in another place in the same epistle he prophesies that some such thing will happen later. And here again he does the same thing, saying; But know this, that in the last days perilous times shall come. And he shows this not only from the things to come, but also from the things that have past; As Jannes and Jambres, he says, withstood Moses. And again from reasoning; But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and silver. Why does he do this? So that Timothy might not be disturbed, nor any of us, when there are evil men. If indeed they existed in the time of Moses, he says, and will exist after these things, it is not at all surprising that they exist among us. In the last days perilous times shall come. He does not say this slandering the days nor the times, but the men who exist then. For it is our custom to speak of evil times, and not evil, from the things that happen in them by men. And immediately he puts forward the cause of all evils, and the root and the source, and from whence all other things are born, contempt. He who is caught by this passion does not consider his own affairs. For when one does not consider his neighbor's affairs, when he neglects his, how will he consider his own? For just as he who sees his neighbor's affairs will set his own well in those of the other; so he who despises his neighbor's will also despise his own. For if we are members of one another, the salvation of our neighbor is not his alone, but also that of the rest of the body; and the harm of our neighbor does not stop only at him, but extends with pains to all the rest. If we are a building, whatever a part suffers, it also harms the rest; but if it is strong, it can also support the rest. So also in the Church, did you overlook your brother? You wronged yourself. How? Your member suffered no small harm. For if he who does not share his money will go to Gehenna, he who sees one in danger in more necessary things, and does not extend a hand, will suffer this much more than that one, by as much as the loss has become greater. For men, he says, will be lovers of self. This lover of self is he who most of all does not love himself; but the lover of his brother, this is he who rather loves himself. From this comes love of money. For it contracts love which is broad and poured out everywhere and gathers into a small space the ruinous and petty-mindedness of self-love. Lovers of money. From this is born boasting, from boasting pride, from pride blasphemy, from blasphemy despair and disobedience. For he who is lifted up against men, is easily so also against God. So also sins are born; often they come up from below. He who is reverent towards men, is much more so towards God; he who is gentle to fellow-servants, is much more so towards the Master; but he who despises his fellow-servants, proceeding on his way will also despise God himself. Let us not therefore despise one another; for this is an evil teaching, teaching us to despise God. For in this very thing we despise God, when we despise one another, He who commanded us to show great diligence towards one another. But also in another way, if you wish, I will make this clear from an example. Cain despised his brother, and immediately despised God also. How did he despise him? See how insolently he answers God: Am I a keeper of the

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γυναικάρια σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις, ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις, πάντοτε μανθάνοντα, καὶ μηδέποτε εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας

δυνάμενα ἐλθεῖν. αʹ. Ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ ἐπιστολῇ ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Τὸ πνεῦμα ῥητῶς λέγει, ὅτι ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς ἀποστήσον 62.637 ταί τινες τῆς πίστεως· καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἑτέρῳ τόπῳ προφητεύει ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἐπιστολῇ τοιοῦτόν τι ὕστερον ἐσόμενον. Καὶ ἐνταῦθα δὲ πάλιν τὸ αὐτὸ ποιεῖ, λέγων· Τοῦτο δὲ γίνωσκε, ὅτι ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί. Καὶ οὐκ ἀπὸ τῶν ὑστέρων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν φθασάντων τοῦτο δείκνυσιν· Ὃν τρόπον, φησὶν, Ἰαννῆς καὶ Ἰαμβρῆςἀνέστησαν Μωϋσῇ. Καὶ ἀπὸ λογισμῶν πάλιν· Ἐν μεγάλῃ δὲ οἰκίᾳ οὐκ ἔστι μόνον σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ. Τί δὴ τοῦτο ποιεῖ; ἵνα μὴ θορυβῆται Τιμόθεος, μηδὲ ἡμῶν τις, ὅταν ὦσιν ἄνδρες πονηροί. Εἴ γε ἐπὶ Μωϋσέως γεγόνασι, φησὶ, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἔσονται, οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν εἶναι καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν. Ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί. Οὐχὶ τὰς ἡμέρας διαβάλλων λέγει οὐδὲ τοὺς καιροὺς, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς τότε ὄντας. Καὶ γὰρ ἡμῖν οὕτω λέγειν ἔθος ἐστὶ καιροὺς πονηροὺς, καὶ οὐ πονηροὺς, ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς συμβαινόντων πραγμάτων ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων. Καὶ εὐθέως τὸ πάντων αἴτιον τίθησι τῶν κακῶν, καὶ τὴν ῥίζαν καὶ τὴν πηγὴν, καὶ ὅθεν τὰ ἄλλα πάντα τίκτεται, τὴν ὑπεροψίαν. Ὁ τούτῳ ἁλοὺς τῷ πάθει οὐδὲ τὰ οἰκεῖα σκοπεῖ. Ὅταν γὰρ μὴ τὰ τοῦ πλησίον τις σκοπῇ, ὅταν τῶν ἐκείνου ἀμελῇ, πῶς τὰ ἑαυτοῦ σκοπήσει; Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ τὰ τοῦ πλησίον ὁρῶν, τὰ αὑτοῦ καλῶς θήσεται ἐν τοῖς ἐκείνου· οὕτως ὁ καταφρονῶν τὰ ἐκείνου, καὶ τὰ αὑτοῦ ὑπερόψεται. Εἰ γὰρ μέλη ἀλλήλων ἐσμὲν, ἡ τοῦ πλησίον σωτηρία οὐκ ἐκείνου μόνον ἐστὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ λοιποῦ σώματος· καὶ ἡ τοῦ πλησίον βλάβη, οὐ μέχρις ἐκείνου μόνον ἵσταται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἅπαντα λοιπὸν κατατείνει ταῖς ὀδύναις. Εἰ οἰκοδομή ἐσμεν, ὅπερ ἂν πάθῃ μέρος, καὶ τῷ λοιπῷ λυμαίνεται· ἂν δὲ ᾖ στεῤῥὸν, καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν διαβαστάζειν δύναται. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ, ὑπερεῖδες τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ; σαυτὸν ἠδίκησας. Πῶς; Τὸ μέλος τὸ σὸν βλάβην ὑπέστη οὐ μικράν. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ χρημάτων μὴ μεταδιδοὺς εἰς τὴν γέενναν ἄπεισιν, ὁ ἐν τοῖς ἀναγκαιοτέροις ὁρῶν κινδυνεύοντα, καὶ χεῖρα μὴ ὀρέγων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐκείνου τοῦτο πείσεται, ὅσῳ καὶ ἐν μείζονι ἡ ζημία γέγονεν· Ἔσονται γὰρ, φησὶν, οἱ ἄνθρωποι φίλαυτοι. Ὁ φίλαυτος οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ μάλιστα ἑαυτὸν μὴ φιλῶν· ὁ δὲ φιλάδελφος, οὗτος μᾶλλόν ἐστιν ὁ ἑαυτὸν ἀγαπῶν. Ἀπὸ τούτου ἡ φιλαργυρία. Τὴν γὰρ ἀγάπην πλατεῖαν οὖσαν καὶ πανταχοῦ ἐκκεχυμένην συστέλλει καὶ εἰς βραχὺ συνάγει τὸ τῆς φιλαυτίας ὀλέθριον καὶ μικρολόγον. Φιλάργυροι. Ἀπὸ τούτου ἀλαζονεία τίκτεται, ἀπὸ τῆς ἀλαζονείας ἡ ὑπερηφανία, ἀπὸ τῆς ὑπερηφανίας βλασφημία, ἀπὸ τῆς βλασφημίας ἀπόνοια καὶ ἀπείθεια. Ὁ γὰρ κατὰ ἀνθρώπων ἐπαιρόμενος, εὐκόλως καὶ κατὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Οὕτω καὶ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα τίκτεται· πολλάκις κάτωθεν ἄνεισιν. Ὁ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους εὐλαβὴς, πολλῷ μᾶλλον πρὸς τὸν Θεόν· ὁ πρὸς ὁμοδούλους ἐπιεικὴς, πολλῷ μᾶλλον πρὸς τὸν ∆εσπότην· ὁ δὲ τῶν ὁμοδούλων καταφρονῶν, ὁδῷ προβαίνων καὶ αὐτοῦ καταφρονήσει τοῦ Θεοῦ. Μὴ τοίνυν καταφρονῶμεν ἀλλήλων· διδασκαλία γὰρ αὕτη κακὴ, διδάσκουσα ἡμᾶς τοῦ Θεοῦ καταφρονεῖν. Καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ μὲν γὰρ τούτῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ καταφρονῶμεν, ὅταν ἀλλήλων καταφρονῶμεν, τοῦ κελεύσαντος πολλὴν εἰς ἀλλήλους ἐπιδείκνυσθαι τὴν σπουδήν. Πλὴν καὶ ἑτέρως, εἰ βούλεσθε, ἐκ παραδείγματος τοῦτο ποιήσω φανερόν. Κατεφρόνησε τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ὁ Κάϊν, κατεφρόνησεν εὐθέως καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Πῶς κατεφρόνησεν; Ὅρα πῶς ὑβριστικῶς ἀποκρίνεται πρὸς τὸν Θεόν· Μὴ φύλαξ εἰμὶ τοῦ