megá[l]os; for the genitive "megálou" is heteroclitic, as if from the nominative "megálos". And why did the nominative "megálos" fall out of use? Because words of more than two syllables ending in -ALOS are either oxytone, like "omphalòs," "Italòs," (or proparoxytone,) but "megálos" was only paroxytone; because of the uncharacteristic nature of the accent, it fell out of use. And how is it clear that the nominative "megálos" was paroxytone? From the nominative plural; for we say "oi megáloi"; for this reason it is also declined heteroclitically, "ho mégas," "tou megálou." And why does the adjective "mégas" shorten the A? Because it also has the neuter "méga." For words ending in S after a vowel of unfixed quantity, which form the neuter by dropping the S, have the vowel of unfixed quantity shortened, for example "mégas méga," "brachỳs brachỳ," "tìs tí." But the common noun "láas," why does it have a short A? Because masculine disyllabic pure nouns in -AS are never common nouns, but either proper nouns, like "Thóas," "Drýas," or ethnics, like "Hýas, Hýantos," (and the inhabitants of Boeotia are called "Hýantes,") or epithets, like "Eúas, Eúantos"; (and it is an epithet of Dionysus.) Since, therefore, "láas" is a common noun, as 69 it differed regarding its meaning, it also differed regarding the quantity. In "Laòs" the A is long, why? Because it is from a crasis; or because masculine disyllabic oxytone words in -OS, long (pure), with a penultimate vowel of unfixed quantity, lengthen it, for example, "naòs," "laòs," "kriòs," "iós." Why is it oxy(tone)? Pure disyllabic words ending in -OS with a penultimate long A, which are not proper nouns, nor have a corresponding neuter form, are oxytone, for example, "naòs," "laós." KENÁ accusative plural case; the nominative singular, "tò kenón." It is of the neuter gender, the masculine is "ho kenòs," a derived form, of the derived forms, a verbal one. And from where does it come? From "chéo," "chenòs" and "kenós." How many things does "kenòs" mean? Three. With a simple E the vain, empty; with the AI diphthong the newly made, from which also "enkaínion"; and it means the paradoxical and wondrous, from which also "kainòn," the wonder. Why is "Kenòn" oxytone? Every neuter of more than one syllable formed from another gender has the same accent as the masculine, for example, "kalòs kalòn," "phílos phílon"; thus, therefore, also "kenós." The KE is simple, why? Every word beginning with the syllable KE is written with a simple E, for example, "kéramos." BASILEÙS from "síno," "sineùs," the harmful, and with the privative A, "asineùs," the harmless, whom no one can harm, and with the change of N to L, and with the addition of B, "basileús." And from where is it etymologized? From being the "básis" (foundation) of mercy or "epíbasis" (ascent) and "hýpsos" (height)? for a king must (deî) truly do good, but he who does evil is a tyrant; or from being the "básis" (foundation) of the people, as it were a seat and a support; or from "pepâsthai" (possessing) the peoples, that is, to have acquired; or from that very thing (from) "epì pâsi leússein" (to look upon all), and to provide for all. How do they differ: "basileùs," "koíranos," and "hegemón"? They differ; "basileùs" is said of the one who secures the rule for himself, "koíranos" is the one who performs the work of the king for a time, and "hegemón" is the one who leads the army. The. 70 SI with an I, why? From "síno." And that, why? Verbs in -INO are written with an i, except for "steíno," "geíno," "teíno." And otherwise; all words in -ILEUS are written with an I, except for "Peleùs" and "Neleús." Why is it oxytone? Masculine words ending in -EUS, whether monosyllabic or of more than one syllable, are all oxytone, that is, in common speech, for example, "Achilleùs," "Peleùs," "basileùs," "Zeùs," "Phleùs" the Dionysus, ("Neùs") name of a river, "Dneùs," name of a city in Lycia, where the Chimaera was raised, "seùs," the worm; but these, I mean "Phleùs" and "Dneùs," are not even common among the Greeks; and "seùs" is not even found in use in the nominative, but in the oblique cases. Why did he say in common speech? Since the Aeolians pronounce with a grave accent "Achílleus," "Péleus"; and such is also "Áreus," spoken Aeolically; for they say "Áreus" for "Áres." Why did he say masculine? Because of "neûs" and "greûs"; for these are circumflex, but they are feminine, for "neûs" is "naûs" (ship), and "greûs" is "graûs" (old woman). "Ho basileùs," "toû basiléos" is common, and "basiléos" is Attic. The

μεγά[λ]ος· ἡ γὰρ μεγάλου γενικὴ ἑτερόκλιτόν ε᾿στιν, ὡς α᾿πο` τῆς μεγάλος ευ᾿θείας. Καὶ διατί ἐξέλειψεν ἡ μεγάλος ευ᾿θεῖα; ∆ιότι τὰ διὰ τοῦ ΑΛΟΣ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς η᾿` ο᾿ξυ´νονται, ὡς τὸ ὀμφα λὸς,Ἰταλὸς, (η᾿` προπαροξύνονται,) ὁ δὲ μεγάλος μόνον παρω ξύνθη, διὰ τὸ ἀχαρακτήριστον τοῦ τόνου ε᾿ξε´λειψε. Καὶ πόθεν δῆλον ο῾´τι παρωξύνθη ἡ μεγάλος ευ᾿θεῖα;Ἀπὸ τῆς ευ᾿θείας τῶν πληθυντικῶν· οἱ μεγάλοι γὰρ φαμέν· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἑτερο κλίτως κλίνεται, ὁ μέγας, τοῦ μεγάλου. Καὶ διατί τὸ μέγας τὸ ἐπίθετον συστέλλει τὸ Α; ∆ιότι ε᾿´χει καὶ ου᾿δε´τερον τὸ μέγα. Τὰ γὰρ ει᾿ς Σ λήγοντα μετὰ διχρόνου α᾿ποβολῇ τοῦ Σ τὸ ου᾿δε´τερον ποιοῦντα, συνεσταλμένον ε᾿´χει τὸ δίχρονον, οι῾῀ον μέγας μέγα, βραχὺς βραχὺ, τὶς τί. Τὸ δὲ λάας τὸ προσηγορικὸν, διατί ε᾿´χει βραχὺ τὸ Α; ∆ιότι τὰ ει᾿ς ΑΣ καθαρὰ ὀνόματα δισύλλαβα α᾿ρσενικὰ ου᾿δε´πω ει᾿σι` προση γορικὰ, α᾿λλ' η᾿` κύρια, ὡς τὸ Θόας, ∆ρύας, η᾿` ε᾿θνικὰ, ὡς τὸ ὝαςὝαντος, (Ὕαντες δὲ λέγονται οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν Βοιωτίαν,) η᾿` ε᾿πι´θετα, ὡς τὸ Ευ᾿´ας, Ευ᾿´αντος· (ε᾿´στι δὲ ἐπίθετον τοῦ ∆ιονύσου.)Ἐπεὶ ου᾿῀ν τὸ λάας προσηγορικόν ε᾿στιν, ὡς 69 διήλλαξε περὶ τὸ σημαινόμενον, διήλλαξε καὶ περὶ τὸν χρόνον. Λαὸς τὸ Α μακρὸν, διατί; ∆ιότι α᾿πο` κράσεώς ε᾿στιν· η᾿` ο῾´τι τὰ ει᾿ς ΟΣ ο᾿ξυ´τονα α᾿ρσενικὰ δισύλλαβα μακρὰ (καθαρὰ) διχρόνῳ παραληγόμενα, ε᾿κτείνει αυ᾿το`, οι῾῀ον ναὸς, λαὸς, κριὸς, ἰός. ∆ιατί ὀξύ(νεται); Τὰ ει᾿ς ΟΣ λήγοντα καθαρὰ δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα τῷ Α μακρῷ, ο῾´σα μὴ ᾖ κύρια, μὴ δὲ ε᾿´χοντα ου᾿δετέρου παρασχηματισμὸν, ο᾿ξυ´νεται, οι῾῀ον ναὸς, λαός. ΚΕΝᾺ πτώσεως αι᾿τιατικῆς τῶν πληθυντικῶν· ἡ ευ᾿θεῖα τῶν ἑνικῶν, τὸ κενόν.Ἔστι δὲ γένους ου᾿δετέρου, τὸ ἀρσενικὸν, ὁ κενὸς, ει᾿´δους παραγώγου, ει᾿´δους τῶν παραγώγων ῥημα τικοῦ. Καὶ πόθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ χέω, χενὸς καὶ κενός. Κενὸς πόσα σημαίνει; Τρία. ∆ιὰ τοῦ Ε ψιλοῦ τὸ μά ταιον, κοῦφον· διὰ τῆς ΑΙ διφθόγγου τὸ νεωστὶ κατεσκευα σμένον, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ ἐγκαίνιον· σημαίνει δὲ τὸ παράδοξον καὶ θαυμαστὸν, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ τὸ καινὸν, τὸ θαῦμα. Κενὸν διατί ὀξύνεται; Πᾶν ου᾿δε´τερον ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν παρεσχηματισμένον ὁμότονον ε᾿στι τῷ ἀρσενικῷ, οι῾῀ον καλὸς καλὸν, φίλος φίλον· ου῾´τως ου᾿῀ν καὶ κενός.Ὁ ΚΕ ψιλὸν, διατί; Πᾶσα λέξις α᾿πο` τῆς ΚΕ συλλαβῆς α᾿ρχομένη διὰ τοῦ Ε ψιλοῦ γράφεται, οι῾῀ον κέραμος. ΒΑΣΙΛΕῪΣ παρὰ τὸ σίνω, σινεὺς, ὁ βλαπτικὸς, καὶ μετὰ τοῦ στερητικοῦ Α, α᾿σινεὺς, ὁ ἀβλαβὴς, ο῾`ν ου᾿δεὶς δύναται βλάψαι, καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ Ν ει᾿ς Λ, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ Β, βασιλεύς. Καὶ πόθεν ε᾿τυμολογεῖται; Παρὰ τὸ βάσις ει᾿῀ναι ε᾿λε´ους η᾿` ε᾿πι´βασις καὶ υ῾´ψος? δὲ (δεῖ) γὰρ α᾿ληθῶς βασιλέα καλοποιεῖν, ὁ δὲ κακοποιεῖ(ῶν) τύραννος· η᾿` παρὰ τὸ βάσις ει᾿῀ναι λαοῦ, οἱονεὶ ε῾´δρα καὶ στήριγμα· η᾿` παρὰ τὸ πεπᾶσθαι λαοὺς, τουτέστι κεκτῆσθαι· η᾿` παρ' αυ᾿το` (παρὰ τὸ) ε᾿πι` πᾶσι λεύσσειν, καὶ πάντων προνοεῖσθαι. Τί διαφέρει βασιλεὺς κοίρανος καὶ ἡγεμών; ∆ιαφέρει· βασιλεὺς μὲν λέγεται ὁ ἑαυτῷ τὴν α᾿ρχὴν περιποιούμενος, κοίρανος δὲ ὁ πρὸς καιρὸν τοῦ βασιλέως ε᾿´ργον ε᾿πιτελῶν, ἡγεμὼν δὲ ὁ τῆς στρατείας ἡγούμενος. Τὸ. 70 ΣΙ Ι διατί;Ἐκ τοῦ σίνω. Καὶ ἐκεῖνο διατί; Τὰ διὰ τοῦ ΙΝΩ ῥήματα διὰ τοῦ ί γράφεται, πλὴν τοῦ στείνω, γείνω, τείνω. Καὶ α᾿´λλως· τὰ διὰ τοῦ ΙΛΕΥΣ α῾´παντα διὰ τοῦ Ι γρά φεται, πλὴν τοῦ Πηλεὺς καὶ Νηλεύς. ∆ιατί ὀξύνεται; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΕΥΣ λήγοντα α᾿ρσενικὰ, ει᾿´τε μονοσύλλαβα ει᾿´τε ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν, α῾´παντα ο᾿ξυ´νεται, δηλονότι κοινολεκτούμενα, οι῾῀ον Ἀχιλλεὺς, Πηλεὺς, βασιλεὺς, Ζεὺς, Φλεὺς ὁ ∆ιόνυσος, (Νεὺς) ο᾿´νομα ποταμοῦ, ∆νεὺς, ο᾿´νομα πόλεως ε᾿ν Λυκίᾳ, ο῾´που α᾿νετράφη ἡ Χίμαιρα, σεὺς, ὁ σκώληξ· ταῦτα δὲ, φημὶ τὸ Φλεὺς καὶ ∆νεὺς, ου᾿δε` συνήθεις(η) ει᾿σι` τοῖςἝλλησι· τὸ δὲ σεὺς ου᾿δε` ευ῾´ρηται ε᾿ν χρήσει κατὰ τὴν ευ᾿θεῖαν, α᾿λλὰ κατὰ τὰς πλα γίας. ∆ιατί ει῾῀πε κοινολεκτούμενα;Ἐπεὶ οἱ Αι᾿ολεῖς βαρυ τόνως λέγουσινἈχίλλευς, Πήλευς· τοιοῦτον δέ ἐστι καὶ τὸ Ἄρευς, Αι᾿ολικῶς λεγόμενον· τὸ γὰρἌρηςἌρευς λέγουσι. ∆ιατί ει᾿῀πεν α᾿ρσενικόν; ∆ιότι νεῦς καὶ γρεῦς· ταῦτα γὰρ περισπῶνται μὲν, α᾿λλὰ θηλυκά ει᾿σιν, νεῦς γάρ ε᾿στιν ἡ ναῦς, καὶ γρεῦς ἡ γραῦς.Ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ βασιλέος κοινὸν, καὶ βασιλέωςἈττικῶς.Ὁ