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40 But it does not seem to me that the catechesis has sufficient instruction up to what has been said. For it is necessary, I think, to examine also what comes after this, which many of those who approach the grace of baptism overlook, leading themselves astray through deception, and being born only in appearance, not in reality. For the transformation of our life that comes through regeneration would not be a transformation if we were to remain in the state in which we are. For I do not know how it is possible to think that one who remains in the same state has become someone else, in whom none of the characteristic marks have been changed. For it is clear to everyone that the saving birth is received for the renewal and change of our nature. But humanity itself, in and of itself, does not accept a change from baptism; neither the rational faculty, nor the intellectual, nor the capacity for knowledge, nor anything else of the particular characteristics of human nature undergoes a transformation. For the transformation would indeed be for the worse if any of these properties of nature were altered. If, therefore, the birth from above is a kind of re-creation of man, and these things do not accept change, we must consider what must be transformed for the grace of regeneration to be complete. It is clear that when the evil characteristics are wiped away from our nature, the transition to what is better occurs.

Therefore if, as the prophet says, having washed in this mystical bath we become pure in our choices, having washed away the wickednesses of our souls, we have become better and have been transformed into what is better. But if the bath is applied to the body, but the soul does not wash away the stains of passion, but the life after initiation is consonant with the uninitiated life, even if it is a bold thing to say, I will say it and not turn away, that for these people the water is just water, with the gift of the Holy Spirit nowhere appearing in what is taking place, whenever not only does the shame of anger insult the divine form, or the passion of greed and the intemperate and unseemly thought and arrogance and envy and pride, but also the profits from injustice remain with him and the wife acquired by him through adultery serves his pleasures even after this. If these and such things are similarly present in the life of the baptized person both before and after, I cannot see what has been transformed, seeing the same person as before. The one who has been wronged, the one who has been slandered, the one who has been driven from his own property see no change in the one who has been washed. They have not heard from this one the voice of Zacchaeus, that ‘If I have defrauded anyone of anything, I restore it fourfold.’ What they said before the baptism, they now relate the same things about him; they call him by the same names: greedy, a coveter of others' things, one who luxuriates from human misfortunes. Therefore let him who remains in the same things, and then boasts to himself of a change for the better through baptism, hear the voice of Paul that, ‘If anyone thinks he is something, when he is nothing, he deceives himself.’ For what you have not become, you are not. ‘To all who received him,’ says the Gospel concerning those who have been born again, ‘he gave them power to become children of God.’ The child that is born of someone is in every way of the same nature as the one who begot him. If, therefore, you have received God and have become a child of God, show through your choice the God who is in you; show in yourself the One who begot you. By those things through which we know God, it is fitting that the kinship to God of one who has become a son of God should be shown. He opens His hand and fills every living thing with His good pleasure; He passes over iniquities; He relents of evil. The Lord is good to all, not bringing His wrath every day. The Lord God is upright, and there is no unrighteousness in Him, and as many such things as we are taught sporadically from scripture. If you are in these things, you have truly become a child of God; but if you persist in the characteristics of wickedness, you idly boast to yourself of the birth from above. The prophecy will say to you that, ‘You are a son of man, not a son of the Most High; you love vanity, you seek falsehood.’ You did not know how a man is made wonderful, that it is not otherwise, unless he is holy

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40 Ἀλλ' οὔ μοι δοκεῖ μέχρι τῶν εἰρημένων αὐτάρκη τὴν διδασκαλίαν ἡ κατήχησις ἔχειν. δεῖ γάρ, οἶμαι, καὶ τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο σκοπεῖν, ὃ πολλοὶ τῶν προσιόντων τῇ τοῦ βαπτίσματος χάριτι παρορῶσι, δι' ἀπάτης ἑαυτοὺς παρά γοντες, καὶ τῷ δοκεῖν μόνον, οὐχὶ τῷ ὄντι γεννώμενοι. ἡ γὰρ διὰ τῆς ἀναγεννήσεως γινομένη τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν μεταποίησις οὐκ ἂν εἴη μεταποίησις, εἰ ἐν ᾧ ἐσμεν δια μένοιμεν. τὸν γὰρ ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ὄντα οὐκ οἶδα πῶς ἔστιν ἄλλον τινὰ γεγενῆσθαι νομίσαι, ἐφ' οὗ μηδὲν τῶν γνωρισμά των μετεποιήθη. τὸ γὰρ ἐπὶ ἀνακαινισμῷ καὶ μεταβολῇ τῆς φύσεως ἡμῶν τὴν σωτήριον παραλαμβάνεσθαι γέννησιν παντὶ δῆλόν ἐστιν. ἀλλὰ μὴν ἡ ἀνθρωπότης αὐτὴ καθ' ἑαυτὴν μεταβολὴν ἐκ τοῦ βαπτίσματος οὐ προσίεται, οὔτε τὸ λογικὸν οὔτε τὸ διανοητικὸν οὔτε τὸ ἐπιστήμης δεκτικὸν οὐδὲ ἄλλο τι τῶν χαρακτηριζόντων ἰδίως τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν ἐν μεταποιήσει γίνεται. ἦ γὰρ ἂν πρὸς τὸ χεῖρον ἡ μεταποίησις εἴη, εἴ τι τούτων ὑπαμειφθείη τῶν ἰδίων τῆς φύσεως. εἰ οὖν ἡ ἄνωθεν γέννησις ἀναστοιχείω σίς τις τοῦ ἀνθρώπου γίνεται, ταῦτα δὲ τὴν μεταβολὴν οὐ προσίεται, σκεπτέον τίνος μεταποιηθέντος ἐντελὴς τῆς ἀναγεννήσεως ἡ χάρις ἐστί. δῆλον ὅτι τῶν πονηρῶν γνωρισμάτων ἐξαλειφθέντων τῆς φύσεως ἡμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸ κρεῖττον μετάστασις γίνεται.

Οὐκοῦν εἰ, καθώς φησιν ὁ προφήτης, λουσάμενοι τῷ μυστικῷ τούτῳ λουτρῷ καθαροὶ τὰς προαιρέσεις γενοίμεθα, τὰς πονηρίας τῶν ψυχῶν ἀποκλύσαντες, κρείττους γεγόναμεν καὶ πρὸς τὸ κρεῖττον μετεποιήθημεν. εἰ δὲ τὸ μὲν λουτρὸν ἐπαχθείη τῷ σώματι, ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ τὰς ἐμπαθεῖς κηλῖδας μὴ ἀπορρύ ψαιτο, ἀλλ' ὁ μετὰ τὴν μύησιν βίος συμβαίνοι τῷ ἀμυήτῳ βίῳ, κἂν τολμηρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ, λέξω καὶ οὐκ ἀποτραπήσομαι, ὅτι ἐπὶ τούτων τὸ ὕδωρ ὕδωρ ἐστίν, οὐδαμοῦ τῆς δωρεᾶς τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἐπιφανείσης τῷ γιγνομένῳ, ὅταν μὴ μόνον τὸ κατὰ τὸν θυμὸν αἶσχος ὑβρίζῃ τὴν θείαν μορφὴν ἢ τὸ κατὰ πλεονεξίαν πάθος καὶ ἡ ἀκόλαστος καὶ ἀσχήμων διάνοια καὶ τῦφος καὶ φθόνος καὶ ὑπερηφανία, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐξ ἀδικίας κέρδη παραμένῃ αὐτῷ καὶ ἡ ἐκ μοιχείας αὐτῷ κτηθεῖσα γυνὴ ταῖς ἡδοναῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο ὑπηρετῆται. ἐὰν ταῦτα καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ὁμοίως πρότερόν τε καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα περὶ τὸν βίον τοῦ βαπτισθέντος ᾖ, τί μεταπεποίηται ἰδεῖν οὐκ ἔχω, τὸν αὐτὸν βλέπων ὅνπερ καὶ πρότερον. ὁ ἠδικημένος, ὁ σεσυκοφαντημένος, ὁ τῶν ἰδίων ἀπωσθεὶς οὐδεμίαν ὁρῶσιν ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν τὴν τοῦ λελουμένου μεταβολήν. οὐκ ἤκουσαν καὶ παρὰ τούτου τὴν τοῦ Ζακχαίου φωνὴν ὅτι Εἴ τινά τι ἐσυκοφάντησα, ἀποδίδωμι τετραπλασίονα. ἃ πρὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος ἔλεγον, τὰ αὐτὰ καὶ νῦν περὶ αὐτοῦ διεξέρχονται, ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν ὀνομάτων κατονομάζουσι πλεονέκτην, τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἐπιθυμητήν, ἀπὸ συμφορῶν ἀνθρωπίνων τρυφῶντα. ὁ τοίνυν ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ὤν, ἔπειτα ἐπιθρυλῶν ἑαυτῷ διὰ τοῦ βαπτίσματος τὴν πρὸς τὸ κρεῖττον μεταβολήν, ἀκουσάτω τῆς Παύλου φωνῆς ὅτι Εἴ τις δοκεῖ εἶναί τι, μηδὲν ὤν, φρεναπατᾷ ἑαυτόν. ὃ γὰρ μὴ γέγονας, οὐκ εἶ. Ὅσοι ἔλαβον αὐτόν, φησὶ περὶ τῶν ἀναγεννηθέντων τὸ εὐαγγέλιον, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τέκνα θεοῦ γενέσθαι. τὸ τέκνον γενόμενόν τινος ὁμογενὲς πάντως ἐστὶ τῷ γεννήσαντι. εἰ οὖν ἔλαβες τὸν θεὸν καὶ τέκνον ἐγένου θεοῦ, δεῖξον διὰ τῆς προαιρέσεως καὶ τὸν ἐν σοὶ ὄντα θεόν, δεῖξον ἐν σεαυτῷ τὸν γεννήσαντα. ἐξ ὧν τὸν θεὸν γνωρίζομεν, δι' ἐκείνων προσήκει δειχθῆναι τοῦ γενομένου υἱοῦ θεοῦ τὴν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν οἰκειότητα. ἐκεῖνος ἀνοίγει τὴν χεῖρα καὶ ἐμπιπλᾷ πᾶν ζῷον εὐδοκίας, ὑπερβαίνει ἀνομίας, μετανοεῖ ἐπὶ κακίας· χρηστὸς κύριος τοῖς σύμπασι, μὴ ὀργὴν ἐπάγων καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν· εὐθὴς κύριος ὁ θεός, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀδικία ἐν αὐτῷ, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα σποράδην παρὰ τῆς γραφῆς διδασκόμεθα. ἐὰν ἐν τούτοις ᾖς, ἀληθῶς ἐγένου τέκνον θεοῦ· εἰ δὲ τοῖς τῆς κακίας ἐπιμένεις γνωρίσμασι, μάτην ἐπιθρυλεῖς σεαυτῷ τὴν ἄνωθεν γέννησιν. ἐρεῖ πρὸς σὲ ἡ προφητεία ὅτι Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου εἶ, οὐχὶ υἱὸς ὑψίστου· ἀγαπᾷς ματαιότητα, ζητεῖς ψεῦδος. οὐκ ἔγνως πῶς θαυμαστοῦται ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι οὐκ ἄλλως, εἰ μὴ ὅσιος