John Chrysostom, On Matthew

he delivered the barbarians who were being slaughtered, but he did not deliver the Jews who were being taken captive. And in the Gospels we shall see both these things happening not to others, but to the same people; and the same person now sufficient for himself, now betrayed. For the one who owed ten thousand talents both delivered himself from danger by asking, and again was not able; but another, conversely, having first betrayed himself, was later able to help himself in the greatest things. And who is this? The one who devoured his paternal substance. So if we are lazy, we will not be able to be saved even through others; but if we are sober, we will be able to do this both through ourselves, and more through ourselves than through others. For God wishes to give the grace to us more than to others on our behalf; so that we may both enjoy boldness and become better, striving to appease his wrath. Thus he had mercy on the Canaanite woman; thus he saved the harlot, thus the robber, with no one being a mediator and patron. 5. And I say these things, not that we should not supplicate the saints, but that we should not be lazy, nor, reclining and sleeping ourselves, entrust our affairs to others alone. For when he said, Make friends for yourselves, he did not stop only at this, but added, From the mammon of unrighteousness; so that again the good deed might be yours; for he hinted at nothing other than almsgiving here. And the wonderful thing is that he is not even exacting with us, if we depart from unrighteousness. For what he says is this: Did you acquire it badly? Spend it well. Did you gather unjustly? Scatter justly. And yet what virtue is this, to give from such things? But nevertheless God, being a lover of mankind, condescends even to this; and if we do so, he promises us many good things. But we have come to such insensibility as not even to give from what is unrighteous; but seizing countless things, if we put down a tiny fraction, we think we have fulfilled everything. Have you not heard Paul saying, that He who sows sparingly will also reap sparingly? For what reason then do you spare? For is the matter an expense? Is it a cost? 57.61 It is income and commerce. Where there is commerce, there is also increase; where there is sowing, there is also reaping. But if you were about to cultivate rich and deep land able to receive many seeds, you would have both cast out what you had, and borrowed from others, considering sparingness in such things to be a loss; but when you are about to cultivate heaven, which is subject to no irregularity of weather, but will certainly return what is put down with greater increase, you hesitate and shrink back, and do not consider that it is possible to lose by sparing, and to gain by not sparing. Scatter, therefore, that you may not lose; do not hold on, that you may hold on; cast out, that you may keep; spend, that you may gain. And if you must keep them, do not you keep them; for you will certainly lose them; but entrust them to God; for no one snatches from there. Do not you trade; for you do not know how to make a profit; but lend to the one who gives interest greater than the principal. Lend where there is no envy, where there is no accusation, nor plot, nor fear. Lend to the one who needs nothing, and has need for your sake; to the one who feeds all, and is hungry, that you may not hunger; to the one who is poor, that you may be rich. Lend from whence it is possible to reap not death, but life instead of death; for this interest procures the kingdom, but that one procures gehenna; for the one comes from avarice, the other from philosophy; and the one from cruelty, the other from love of mankind. What defense, then, shall we have, when it is possible to receive more, and with security, and at the proper time, and in great freedom, and without mockery and fears and dangers, we neglect to gain these things, and pursue those which are shameful and cheap and precarious and fleeting, and procure for us the great furnace? For nothing, nothing is more shameful than interest here, 57.62 nothing is more cruel. For such a one traffics in the misfortunes of others, and makes another's calamity his income, and demands a wage for philanthropy, as if fearing lest he should appear merciful, and under the pretext of philanthropy, more deeply

βαρβάρους ἐξείλετο σφαττομένους, τοὺς δὲ Ἰουδαίους οὐκ ἐξείλετο αἰχμαλωτιζομένους. Καὶ ἐν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις δὲ ὀψόμεθα οὐκ ἐφ' ἑτέρων, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν ἀμφότερα ταῦτα γινόμενα· καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν νῦν μὲν ἀρκέσαντα ἑαυτῷ, νῦν δὲ προδεδομένον. Ὁ γὰρ τὰ μυρία τάλαντα ὀφείλων, καὶ ἐξείλετο ἑαυτὸν τοῦ κινδύνου δεηθεὶς, καὶ πάλιν οὐκ ἴσχυσεν· ἕτερος δὲ ἀντιστρόφως πρότερον ἑαυτὸν προδοὺς, ὕστερον τὰ μέγιστα ἑαυτῷ βοηθῆσαι ἴσχυσε. Τίς δὲ οὗτός ἐστιν; Ὁ τὴν πατρῴαν καταφαγὼν οὐσίαν. Ὥστε ἐὰν μὲν ῥᾳθυμῶμεν, οὐδὲ δι' ἑτέρων δυνησόμεθα σώζεσθαι· ἐὰν δὲ νήφωμεν, καὶ δι' ἑαυτῶν τοῦτο ἰσχύσομεν, καὶ δι' ἑαυτῶν μᾶλλον, ἢ δι' ἑτέρων. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῖν μᾶλλον δοῦναι βούλεται τὴν χάριν, ἢ ἑτέροις ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν· ἵνα καὶ παῤῥησίας ἀπολαύωμεν, καὶ βελτίους γινώμεθα, σπουδάζοντες αὐτοῦ λῦσαι τὴν ὀργήν. Οὕτω τὴν Χαναναίαν ἠλέησεν· οὕτω τὴν πόρνην ἔσωσεν, οὕτω τὸν λῃστὴν, οὐδενὸς γενομένου μεσίτου καὶ προστάτου. εʹ. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω, οὐχ ἵνα μὴ ἱκετεύωμεν τοὺς ἁγίους, ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ ῥᾳθυμῶμεν, μηδὲ ἀναπίπτοντες αὐτοὶ καὶ καθεύδοντες, ἑτέροις τὰ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἐπιτρέπωμεν μόνοις. Καὶ γὰρ εἰπὼν, Ποιήσατε ὑμῖν φίλους, οὐκ ἔστη μέχρι τούτου μόνον, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκεν, Ἐκ τοῦ ἀδίκου μαμωνᾶ· ἵνα πάλιν σὸν τὸ κατόρθωμα γένηται· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἕτερον ἢ ἐλεημοσύνην ἐνταῦθα ᾐνίξατο. Καὶ τὸ δὴ θαυμαστὸν, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἀκριβολογεῖται πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ἐὰν ἀποστῶμεν τῆς ἀδικίας Ὃ γὰρ λέγει τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν· Ἐκτήσω κακῶς; ἀνάλωσον καλῶς. Συνέλεξας ἀδίκως; σκόρπισον δικαίως. Καίτοιγε ποία τοῦτο ἀρετὴ τὸ ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων διδόναι; Ἀλλ' ὅμως ὁ Θεὸς, φιλάνθρωπος ὢν, καὶ μέχρι τούτου καταβαίνει· κἂν οὕτω ποιῶμεν, πολλὰ ἡμῖν ἐπαγγέλλεται ἀγαθά. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς εἰς τοσοῦτον ἀναισθησίας ἥκομεν, ὡς μηδὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἀδίκου διδόναι· ἀλλὰ μυρία ἁρπάζοντες, ἂν πολλοστὸν μέρος καταβάλωμεν, τὸ πᾶν νομίζομεν πεπληρωκέναι. Οὐκ ἤκουσας Παύλου λέγοντος, ὅτι Ὁ σπείρων φειδομένως, φειδομένως καὶ θερίσει; Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν φείδῃ; μὴ γὰρ ἀνάλωμα τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστι; μὴ γὰρ δαπάνη; 57.61 Πρόσοδός ἐστι καὶ ἐμπορία. Ὅπου ἐμπορία, ἐκεῖ καὶ πλεονασμός· ὅπου σπόρος, ἐκεῖ καὶ ἀμητός. Σὺ δὲ, εἰ μὲν γῆν λιπαρὰν καὶ βαθεῖαν καὶ πολλὰ δυναμένην δέξασθαι σπέρματα γεωργεῖν ἔμελλες, καὶ τὰ ὄντα ἂν ἐξέβαλες, καὶ παρ' ἑτέρων ἂν ἐδανείσω, ζημίαν τὴν ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις φειδὼ νομίζων εἶναι· τὸν δὲ οὐρανὸν μέλλων γεωργεῖν, τὸν οὐδεμιᾷ ἀνωμαλίᾳ ἀέρων ὑποκείμενον, ἀλλὰ πάντως ἀποδώσοντα μετὰ πλείονος προσθήκης τὰ καταβαλλόμενα, ὀκνεῖς καὶ ἀναδύῃ, καὶ οὐκ ἐννοεῖς ὅτι ἔστι φειδόμενον ἀπολέσαι, καὶ μὴ φειδόμενον κερδᾶναι. Σκόρπισον τοίνυν, ἵνα μὴ ἀπολέσῃς· μὴ κατάσχῃς, ἵνα κατάσχῃς· ἔκβαλε, ἵνα φυλάξῃς· ἀνάλωσον, ἵνα κερδάνῃς. Κἂν φυλάξαι αὐτὰ δέῃ, μὴ σὺ φύλαττε· πάντως γὰρ αὐτὰ ἀπολεῖς· ἀλλὰ πίστευσον τῷ Θεῷ· οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἐκεῖθεν ἁρπάζει. Μὴ σὺ πραγματεύου· οὐδὲ γὰρ οἶσθα κερδαίνειν· ἀλλὰ δάνεισον τῷ πλείω τοῦ κεφαλαίου τὸν τόκον παρέχοντι. ∆άνεισον ἔνθα μηδεὶς φθόνος, ἔνθα μηδεμία κατηγορία, μηδὲ ἐπιβουλὴ, μηδὲ φόβος. ∆άνεισον τῷ μηδενὸς δεομένῳ, καὶ χρείαν ἔχοντι διὰ σέ· τῷ πάντας τρέφοντι, καὶ πεινῶντι, ἵνα σὺ μὴ λιμώξῃς· τῷ πενομένῳ, ἵνα σὺ πλουτήσῃς. ∆άνεισον ὅθεν οὐκ ἔστι θάνατον, ἀλλὰ ζωὴν ἀντὶ θανάτου καρπώσασθαι· οὗτοι μὲν γὰρ βασιλείαν, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ γέενναν προξενοῦσιν οἱ τόκοι· οἱ μὲν γὰρ φιλαργυρίας, οἱ δὲ φιλοσοφίας εἰσί· καὶ οἱ μὲν ὠμότητος, οἱ δὲ φιλανθρωπίας. Τίνα οὖν ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν, ὅταν καὶ πλείονα ἐξὸν λαβεῖν, καὶ μετὰ ἀσφαλείας, καὶ ἐν καιρῷ τῷ προσήκοντι, καὶ ἐν ἐλευθερίᾳ πολλῇ, καὶ σκωμμάτων χωρὶς καὶ φόβων καὶ κινδύνων, ἀφέντες ταῦτα κερδᾶναι, διώκωμεν ἐκεῖνα τὰ αἰσχρὰ καὶ εὐτελῆ καὶ σφαλερὰ καὶ διαπίπτοντα, καὶ πολλὴν προξενοῦντα τὴν κάμινον ἡμῖν; Οὐδὲν γὰρ, οὐδὲν τῶν ἐνταῦθα τόκων αἰσχρότερον, 57.62 οὐδὲν ὠμότερον. Τὰς γὰρ ἀλλοτρίας ὁ τοιοῦτος πραγματεύεται συμφορὰς, καὶ πρόσοδον τὴν ἑτέρου δυσημερίαν ποιεῖται, καὶ μισθὸν ἀπαιτεῖ φιλανθρωπίας, καθάπερ δεδοικὼς μὴ ἐλεήμων φανῇ, καὶ προσχήματι φιλανθρωπίας βαθύτερον