35

we will revere the benefactor, we will not cease worshiping the author of our life both present and future, the one who confirms the things in the promises through the wealth He has already provided, and through the experience of present things confirms for us the things that are expected. For if the temporary things are such, of what kind are the eternal? And if the visible things are so beautiful, of what kind are the invisible? If the size of heaven exceeds the measure of human thought, what mind then will be able to trace out the nature of eternal things? If the sun, which is subject to corruption, is so beautiful, so great, swift to move, and completing its cycles in an orderly fashion, having a size symmetrical to the universe, so as not to exceed its proportion to the whole; and with the beauty of its nature like a clear eye adorning creation; if the sight of it is insatiable, of what kind in beauty is the sun of righteousness? If for a blind man it is a loss not to see this, what a loss it is for the sinner to be deprived of the true light? 6.2 And God said: let there be lights in the firmament of heaven to give light upon the earth, so as to divide the day from the night. Heaven and earth had been made before; the light had been created upon them; day and night had been distinguished; again a firmament, and an appearance of dry land. The water had been gathered into a consistent and defined collection. The earth was filled with its own offspring, sprouting forth the countless kinds of herbs, and abounding with all sorts of species of plants. But sun and moon were not yet, so that they might not name the sun the source and father of light; nor might those who are ignorant of God consider it the creator of things that grow from the earth. For this reason, it was the fourth day; and then God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven. When you are taught of the one who spoke, immediately in your thought connect the one who heard. God said, Let there be lights, and God made the two lights. Who said and who made? Do you not understand in this the twofold nature of the persons? Everywhere in the history the dogma of theology has been mystically interwoven. And the need for the creation of the lights is added: To give light, it says, upon the earth. If the creation of light came before, how is it said now that the sun has come to be for giving light? First, then, let the peculiarity of the word move no one to laughter, since we do not follow your selections of words, nor do we practice the rhythmic quality of their placement. For among us there are no carvers of words; nor the euphony of sounds, but the clarity of the names is everywhere preferred. Consider, therefore, if by 'shining' he did not sufficiently reveal what he intended; for instead of 'illumination' he said 'shining'. And this is in no way contrary to what was said about the light. For then the very nature of light was brought forth; but now this solar body has been prepared to be a vehicle for that first-born light. For just as fire is one thing, and the lamp another; the one having the power of giving light, the other made to shine for those who need it; so also now the luminaries were constructed as a vehicle for that most pure, and sincere, and immaterial light. For just as the apostle speaks of some as lights in the world, while the true light of the world is another, by participation in which the saints became lights for the souls whom they taught, delivering them from the darkness of ignorance; so also now the creator of all things, having prepared this sun with that most brilliant light, kindled it for the world.6.3 And let what has been said seem incredible to no one, that the brightness of the light is one thing, and the body which is the subject of the light is another. First, then, from the fact that all composite things are thus divided by us, both into the receptive substance, and into the quality which is superadded to it. As, therefore, whiteness is one thing by nature, and the whitened body another, so also the things now spoken of, being different by nature, have been united by the power of the Creator. And do not tell me that these things are impossible to be divided from one another. For neither do I the separation of the light from the

35

εὐεργέτην αἰδεσθησόμεθα, τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν τῆς παρούσης καὶ τῆς μελλούσης προσκυνοῦντες οὐκ ἀπολήξομεν, τὸν δι' οὗ παρέσχετο ἤδη πλούτου καὶ τὰ ἐν ἐπαγγελίαις πιστούμενον, καὶ τῇ πεῖρᾳ τῶν παρόντων βεβαιοῦντα ἡμῖν τὰ προσδοκώμενα. Εἰ γὰρ τὰ πρόσκαιρα τοιαῦτα, ποταπὰ τὰ αἰώνια; Καὶ εἰ τὰ ὁρώμενα οὕτω καλὰ, ποταπὰ τὰ ἀόρατα; Εἰ οὐρανοῦ μέγεθος μέτρον ἀνθρωπίνης διανοίας ἐκβαίνει, τῶν ἀϊδίων τὴν φύσιν τίς ἄρα νοῦς ἐξιχνιάσαι δυνήσεται; Εἰ ὁ τῇ φθορᾷ ὑποκείμενος ἥλιος οὕτω καλὸς, οὕτω μέγας, ὀξὺς μὲν κινηθῆναι, εὐτάκτους δὲ τὰς περιόδους ἀποδιδοὺς, σύμμετρον μὲν ἔχων τὸ μέγεθος τῷ παντὶ, ὥστε μὴ ἐκβαίνειν τὴν πρὸς τὸ ὅλον ἀναλογίαν· τῷ δὲ κάλλει τῆς φύσεως οἷόν τις ὀφθαλμὸς διαυγὴς ἐμπρέπων τῇ κτίσει· εἰ ἀκόρεστος τούτου ἡ θέα, ποταπὸς τῷ κάλλει ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἥλιος; Εἰ τυφλῷ ζημία τοῦτον μὴ βλέπειν, ποταπὴ ζημία τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ φωτὸς στερηθῆναι; 6.2 Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· γενηθήτωσαν φωστῆρες ἐν τῷ στερεώματι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ εἰς φαῦσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὥστε διαχωρίζειν ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς νυκτός. Οὐρανὸς προειλήφει καὶ γῆ· τὸ φῶς ἐπὶ τούτοις δεδημιούργητο· ἡμέρα καὶ νὺξ διεκέκριτο· πάλιν στερέωμα, καὶ ξηρᾶς φανέρωσις. Τὸ ὕδωρ συνήθροιστο εἰς συνεστηκυῖαν καὶ ἀφωρισμένην συναγωγήν. Ἡ γῆ πεπλήρωτο τοῖς οἰκείοις γεννήμασι, τά τε μυρία γένη τῶν βοτανῶν ἐκβλαστή σασα, καὶ παντοδαποῖς εἴδεσι φυτῶν εὐθηνουμένη. Ἥλιος δὲ οὔπω ἦν καὶ σελήνη, ἵνα μήτε φωτὸς ἀρχηγὸν καὶ πατέρα τὸν ἥλιον ὀνομάσωσι· μήτε τῶν ἐκ τῆς γῆς φυομένων δημιουργὸν, οἱ τὸν Θεὸν ἀγνοήσαντες ἡγήσωνται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο τετάρτη ἡμέρα· καὶ τότε εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, Γενηθήτωσαν φωστῆρες ἐν τῷ στερεώματι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. Ὅταν τὸν εἰπόντα διδαχθῇς, εὐθὺς τῇ ἐννοίᾳ σύναπτε τὸν ἀκούσαντα. Εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, Γενηθήτωσαν φωστῆρες, καὶ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τοὺς δύο φωστῆρας. Τίς εἶπε καὶ τίς ἐποίησεν; Οὐκ ἐννοεῖς ἐν τούτοις τὸ διπλοῦν τῶν προσώπων; Πανταχοῦ τῇ ἱστορίᾳ τὸ δόγμα τῆς θεολογίας μυστικῶς συμπαρέσπαρται. Καὶ ἡ χρεία πρόσκειται τῆς τῶν φωστήρων γενέσεως· Εἰς φαῦσιν, φησὶν, ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. Εἰ προειλήφει τοῦ φωτὸς ἡ γένεσις, πῶς νῦν ὁ ἥλιος πάλιν εἰς φαῦσιν λέγεται γεγονέναι; Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν τῆς λέξεως τὸ ἰδιότροπον μηδένα σοι κινείτω γέλωτα, εἴπερ μὴ ἑπόμεθα ταῖς παρ' ὑμῖν ἐκλογαῖς τῶν ῥημάτων, μηδὲ τὸ τῆς θέσεως αὐτῶν εὔρυθμον ἐπιτη δεύομεν. Οὐ γὰρ τορευταὶ λέξεων παρ' ἡμῖν· οὐδὲ τὸ εὔηχον τῶν φωνῶν, ἀλλὰ τὸ εὔσημον τῶν ὀνομάτων πανταχοῦ προτιμότερον. Σκόπει τοίνυν εἰ μὴ διὰ τῆς φαύσεως ἀρκούντως ἐνέφηνεν ὃ ἐβούλετο· ἀντὶ γὰρ τοῦ φωτισμοῦ τὴν φαῦσιν εἴρηκεν. Ἔστι δὲ οὐδὲν μαχόμενον τοῦτο τοῖς περὶ τοῦ φωτὸς εἰρημένοις. Τότε μὲν γὰρ αὐτὴ τοῦ φωτὸς ἡ φύσις παρήχθη· νῦν δὲ τὸ ἡλιακὸν τοῦτο σῶμα ὄχημα εἶναι τῷ πρωτογόνῳ ἐκείνῳ φωτὶ παρεσκεύασται. Ὡς γὰρ ἄλλο τὸ πῦρ, καὶ ἄλλο ὁ λύχνος· τὸ μὲν τὴν τοῦ φωτίζειν δύναμιν ἔχον, τὸ δὲ παραφαίνειν τοῖς δεομένοις πεποιημένον· οὕτω καὶ τῷ καθαρωτάτῳ ἐκείνῳ καὶ εἰλικρινεῖ καὶ ἀΰλῳ φωτὶ ὄχημα νῦν οἱ φωστῆρες κατεσκευάσθησαν. Ὡς γὰρ ὁ ἀπόστολος λέγει τινὰς φωστῆρας ἐν κόσμῳ, ἄλλο δέ ἐστι φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τὸ ἀληθινὸν, οὗ κατὰ μέθεξιν οἱ ἅγιοι φω στῆρες ἐγίνοντο τῶν ψυχῶν, ἃς ἐπαίδευον, τοῦ σκότους αὐτὰς τῆς ἀγνοίας ῥυόμενοι· οὕτω καὶ νῦν τὸν ἥλιον τοῦτον τῷ φανοτάτῳ ἐκείνῳ ἐπισκευάσας φωτὶ ὁ τῶν ὅλων δημιουρ γὸς περὶ τὸν κόσμον ἀνῆψε.6.3 Καὶ μηδενὶ ἄπιστον εἶναι δοκείτω τὸ εἰρημένον, ὅτι ἄλλο μέν τι τοῦ φωτὸς ἡ λαμπρότης, ἄλλο δέ τι τὸ ὑποκεί μενον τῷ φωτὶ σῶμα. Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἐκ τοῦ τὰ σύνθετα πάντα οὕτω παρ' ἡμῶν διαιρεῖσθαι, εἴς τε τὴν δεκτικὴν οὐσίαν, καὶ εἰς τὴν ἐπισυμβᾶσαν αὐτῇ ποιότητα. Ὡς οὖν ἕτερον μέν τι τῇ φύσει ἡ λευκότης, ἕτερον δέ τι τὸ λελευκασ μένον σῶμα, οὕτω καὶ τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα, διάφορα ὄντα τῇ φύσει, ἥνωται τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ κτίσαντος. Καὶ μή μοι λέγε ἀδύνατα εἶναι ταῦτα ἀπ' ἀλλήλων διαιρεῖσθαι. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐγὼ τὴν διαίρεσιν τοῦ φωτὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ