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The tribes of the Patzinaks, that is the theme of Kouartzitzour and the theme of Syroukalpei and the theme of Borotalmat and the theme of Boulatzopon, lie beyond the Dnieper river towards the more eastern and northern parts, facing Uzia and Chazaria and Alania and Cherson and the other provinces. But the other four tribes lie on this side of the Dnieper river towards the more western and arctic parts, that is the theme of Giazichopon is near Bulgaria, the theme of lower Gyla is near Turkey, the theme of Charaboi is near Russia, and the theme of Iabdiertim is near the tributary districts of the country of Russia, both the Oultinoi and Derbleninoi and Lenzeninoi and the other Slavs. Patzinakia is distant from Uzia and Chazaria a journey of five days, from Alania a journey of six days, from Mordia a journey of ten days, from Russia a journey of one day, from Turkey a journey of four days, from Bulgaria a journey of half a day, and it is very close to Cherson, but closer to Bosporus. It is to be known that at the time when the Patzinaks were driven out from their own country, some of them by their own will and private decision remained there, and dwelt with the so-called Uzes, and up to this day are among them, having such distinguishing marks that they are separated and recognized, who they were and how it came about that they were cut off from their own people; for their garments are short down to the knees and their sleeves are cut off from the arms, as if by this they show that they have been cut off from their own people and kinsmen. It is to be known that on this side of the Dniester river toward the part facing Bulgaria at the crossings of the same river there are deserted forts: the first fort called by the Patzinaks Aspron because its stones appear very white, a second fort Toungatai, a third fort Kraknakatai, a fourth fort Salmakatai, a fifth fort Sakakatai, a sixth fort Giaioukatai. And in the structures of these old forts are found some traces of churches and crosses carved in porous stones, whence some also have the tradition that the Romans once had their dwellings there. It is to be known that the Patzinaks are also called Kangar, but not all of them, only the people of the three themes, of Iabdierti and of Kouartzitzour and of Chabouxingyla, as being braver and more noble than the rest; for this is what the appellation Kangar signifies. 38 Concerning the genealogy of the nation of the Turks, and whence they are descended. That the nation of the Turks of old had its dwelling-place near Chazaria, in the place called Levedia after the name of their first voivode, which voivode was called by the name of Levedias, but by his rank, as also the others after him, was called voivode. In this place, therefore, the aforesaid Levedia, there is a river flowing, the Chidmas, which is also called Chingilous. And at that time they were not called Turks, but for some reason were named Sabartoi asphaloi. And the Turks consisted of seven tribes, and they never had a ruler over them, either their own or foreign, but there were among them certain voivodes, of whom the first voivode was the aforesaid Levedias. And they dwelt with the Chazars for three years, allying themselves with the Chazars in all their wars. And the chagan, the ruler of Chazaria, because of their bravery and alliance, gave to the first voivode of the Turks, named Levedias, a noble Chazar woman in marriage, because of the fame of his bravery and the nobility of his family, so that he might have children by her; but that Levedias, by some chance, had no children with that Chazar woman. And the Patzinaks, who were formerly called Kangar (for this name Kangar was said among them to signify nobility and bravery), having made war against the Chazars and been defeated, to leave their own land and that of the Turks

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Πατζινακιτῶν γενεαί, ἤγουν τὸ θέμα Κουαρτζιτζοὺρ καὶ τὸ θέμα Συρουκαλπέη καὶ τὸ θέμα Βοροταλμὰτ καὶ τὸ θέμα Βουλατζοπόν, κεῖνται πέραν τοῦ ∆ανάπρεως ποταμοῦ πρὸς τὰ ἀνατολικώτερα καὶ βορειότερα μέρη, ἐναποβλέποντα πρός τε Οὐζίαν καὶ Χαζαρίαν καὶ Ἀλανίαν καὶ τὴν Χερσῶνα καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ κλίματα. Αἱ δὲ ἄλλαι τέσσαρες γενεαὶ κεῖνται ἔνθεν τοῦ ∆ανάπρεως ποταμοῦ πρὸς τὰ δυτικώτερα καὶ ἀρκτικώτερα μέρη, τουτέστιν τὸ θέμα Γιαζιχοπὸν πλησιάζει τῇ Βουλγαρίᾳ, τὸ δὲ θέμα τοῦ κάτω Γύλα πλησιάζει τῇ Τουρκίᾳ, τὸ δὲ θέμα τοῦ Χαραβόη πλησιάζει τῇ Ῥωσίᾳ, τὸ δὲ θέμα Ἰαβδιερτὶμ πλησιάζει τοῖς ὑποφόροις χωρίοις χώρας τῆς Ῥωσίας, τοῖς τε Οὐλτίνοις καὶ ∆ερβλενίνοις καὶ Λενζενίνοις καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς Σκλάβοις. Ἀπῴκισται δὲ ἡ Πατζινακία ἐκ μὲν Οὐζίας καὶ Χαζαρίας ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν πέντε, ἐκ δὲ Ἀλανίας ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν ἕξ, ἀπὸ δὲ Μορδίας ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν δέκα, ἀπὸ δὲ Ῥωσίας ὁδὸν ἡμέρας μιᾶς, ἀπὸ δὲ Τουρκίας ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν τεσσάρων, ἀπὸ δὲ Βουλγαρίας ὁδὸν ἡμέρας τὸ ἥμισυ, καὶ εἰς Χερσῶνα μέν ἐστιν ἔγγιστα, εἰς δὲ τὴν Βόσπορον πλησιέστερον. Ἰστέον, ὅτι κατὰ τὸν καιρόν, ὃν οἱ Πατζινακῖται ἀπὸ τῆς ἰδίας χώρας ἐξεδιώχθησαν, θελήσει τινὲς ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ οἰκείᾳ γνώμῃ ἐναπέμειναν ἐκεῖσε, καὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις Οὔζοις συνῴκησαν, καὶ μέχρι τοῦ νῦν εἰσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς, ἔχοντες τοιαῦτα γνωρίσματα, ὥστε διαχωρίζεσθαι αὐτοὺς καὶ νοεῖσθαι, τίνες τε ἦσαν, καὶ πῶς αὐτοὺς ἀποσπασθῆναι τῶν ἰδίων συνέβη· τὰ γὰρ ἱμάτια αὐτῶν εἰσιν κόντουρα μέχρι γονάτων καὶ τὰ μανίκια ἀπὸ τῶν βραχιόνων ἀποκεκομμένα, ὡς δῆθεν ἐκ τούτου δεικνύντες, ὅτι ἀπὸ τῶν ἰδίων καὶ ὁμοφύλων ἀπεκόπησαν. Ἰστέον, ὅτι ἔνθεν τοῦ ∆ανάστρεως ποταμοῦ πρὸς τὸ ἀποβλέπον μέρος τὴν Βουλγαρίαν εἰς τὰ περάματα τοῦ αὐτοῦ ποταμοῦ εἰσὶν ἐρημόκαστρα· κάστρον πρῶτον τὸ ὀνομασθὲν παρὰ τῶν Πατζινακιτῶν Ἄσπρον διὰ τὸ τοὺς λίθους αὐτοῦ φαίνεσθαι καταλεύκους, κάστρον δεύτερον τὸ Τουγγάται, κάστρον τρίτον τὸ Κρακνακάται, κάστρον τέταρτον τὸ Σαλμακάται, κάστρον πέμπτον τὸ Σακακάται, κάστρον ἕκτον τὸ Γιαιουκάται. Ἐν αὐτοῖς δὲ τοῖς τῶν παλαιοκάστρων κτίσμασιν εὑρίσκονται καὶ ἐκκλησιῶν γνωρίσματά τινα καὶ σταυροὶ λαξευτοὶ εἰς λίθους πωρίνους, ὅθεν καί τινες παράδοσιν ἔχουσιν, ὡς Ῥωμαῖοί ποτε τὰς κατοικίας εἶχον ἐκεῖσε. Ἰστέον, ὅτι καὶ Κάγγαρ ὀνομάζονται οἱ Πατζινακῖται, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ πάντες, πλὴν ὁ τῶν τριῶν θεμάτων λαός, τοῦ Ἰαβδιηρτὶ καὶ τοῦ Κουαρτζιτζοὺρ καὶ τοῦ Χαβουξιγγυλά, ὡς ἀνδρειότεροι καὶ εὐγενέστεροι τῶν λοιπῶν· τοῦτο γὰρ δηλοῖ ἡ τοῦ Κάγγαρ προσηγορία. 38 Περὶ τῆς γενεαλογίας τοῦ ἔθνους τῶν Τούρκων, καὶ ὅθεν κατάγονται. Ὅτι τὸ τῶν Τούρκων ἔθνος πλησίον τῆς Χαζαρίας τὸ παλαιὸν τὴν κατοίκησιν ἔσχεν εἰς τὸν τόπον τὸν ἐπονομαζόμενον Λεβεδία ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ πρώτου βοεβόδου αὐτῶν ἐπωνυμίας, ὅστις βοέβοδος τὸ μὲν τῆς κλήσεως ὄνομα Λεβεδίας προσηγορεύετο, τὸ δὲ τῆς ἀξίας, ὡς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ μετ' αὐτόν, βοέβοδος ἐκαλεῖτο. Ἐν τούτῳ οὖν τῷ τόπῳ, τῷ προρρηθέντι Λεβεδίᾳ, ποταμός ἐστιν ῥέων Χιδμάς, ὁ καὶ Χιγγιλοὺς ἐπονομαζόμενος. Οὐκ ἐλέγοντο δὲ τῷ τότε χρόνῳ Τοῦρκοι, ἀλλὰ Σάβαρτοι ἄσφαλοι ἔκ τινος αἰτίας ἐπωνομάζοντο. Καὶ οἱ μὲν Τοῦρκοι γενεαὶ ὑπῆρχον ἑπτά, ἄρχοντα δὲ εἰς αὐτοὺς εἴτε ἴδιον, εἴτε ἀλλότριόν ποτε οὐκ ἐκτήσαντο, ἀλλ' ὑπῆρχον ἐν αὐτοῖς βοέβοδοί τινες, ὧν πρῶτος βοέβοδος ἦν ὁ προρρηθεὶς Λεβεδίας. Συνῴκησαν δὲ μετὰ τῶν Χαζάρων ἐνιαυτοὺς τρεῖς, συμμαχοῦντες τοῖς Χαζάροις ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς αὐτῶν πολέμοις. Ὁ δὲ χαγάνος ἄρχων Χαζαρίας διὰ τὴν αὐτῶν ἀνδρείαν καὶ συμμαχίαν τῷ πρώτῳ βοεβόδῳ τῶν Τούρκων, Λεβεδίᾳ ἐπονομαζομένῳ, γυναῖκα δέδωκεν πρὸς γάμον Χαζάραν εὐγενῆ διὰ τὸ τῆς ἀνδρείας αὐτοῦ περίφημον καὶ τὸ τοῦ γένους περιφανές, ὅπως ἐξ αὐτοῦ τεκνώσῃ· ὁ δὲ Λεβεδίας ἐκεῖνος ἔκ τινος τύχης μετὰ τῆς αὐτῆς Χαζάρας οὐκ ἐπαιδοποίησεν. Οἱ δὲ Πατζινακῖται, οἱ πρότερον Κάγγαρ ἐπονομαζόμενοι (τοῦτο γὰρ τὸ Κάγγαρ ὄνομα ἐπ' εὐγενείᾳ καὶ ἀνδρείᾳ ἐλέγετο παρ' αὐτοῖς), πρὸς Χαζάρους οὖν οὗτοι κινήσαντες πόλεμον καὶ ἡττηθέντες, τὴν οἰκείαν γῆν καταλεῖψαι καὶ τὴν τῶν Τούρκων