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of the writings of Papias. 3.1.1 The affairs of the Jews were in this state; but the holy apostles and disciples of our Savior were scattered throughout the whole world, Thomas, as tradition holds, received Parthia as his portion, Andrew Scythia, John Asia, where he stayed and died in Ephesus, Peter 3.1.2 seems to have preached in Pontus and Galatia and Bithynia, Cappadocia, and Asia to the Jews of the dispersion. And at last, having come to Rome, he was crucified head downwards, 3.1.3 for he had requested that he might suffer in this way. What need be said of Paul, who fulfilled the gospel of Christ from Jerusalem to Illyricum, and afterward was martyred in Rome under Nero? These things are stated by Origen word for word in the third volume of his Commentaries on Genesis. 3.2.1 After the martyrdom of Paul and Peter, Linus was the first to receive the episcopate of the church of the Romans. Paul mentions him in his letter to Timothy from Rome, in the salutation at the end of the epistle. Of Peter, one epistle, that which is called his first, is acknowledged; and the ancient presbyters have used this in their own writings as undisputed. But that which is called his second, we have not received as canonical, yet, as it has appeared useful to many, it has been studied with the other 3.3.2 scriptures. But the Acts that are called his, and the Gospel which bears his name, and the Preaching that is called his, and the Apocalypse so-called, we know to have been handed down as not at all in the catholic writings, because neither among the ancients nor in our own time has any ecclesiastical writer made use of testimonies from them. 3.3.3 But as the history proceeds, I shall make it my business to point out in succession which of the ecclesiastical writers in each period has used any of the disputed writings, and what has been said by them concerning the canonical and acknowledged scrip3.3.4 tures, and what concerning those which are not such. But as for the writings that bear Peter's name, of which I know only one genuine epistle, and that acknowledged by the ancient presbyters, so much for these; 3.3.5 But the fourteen of Paul are well known and clear. It is not right, however, to be ignorant of the fact that some have rejected the Epistle to the Hebrews, saying that it is disputed by the church of Rome, as not being Paul's. And what has been said about this by those before us I shall set forth in its proper time. Nor have I received his so-called 3.3.6 Acts among the undisputed writings. But since the same apostle, in the salutations at the end of the epistle to the Romans, has made mention, among others, of Hermas, to whom they say the book of the Shepherd belongs, it should be known that this has been disputed by some, on whose account it would not be placed among the acknowledged writings, but by others it has been judged most necessary for those who especially need elementary instruction. Hence we know that it has already been publicly read in churches, and I have found that some of the most ancient writers have made use of 3.3.7 it. Let this be said for the presentation of the undisputed and of the not universally acknowledged divine scriptures. 3.4.1 That Paul, preaching to the Gentiles, laid the foundations of the churches from Jerusalem and round about to Illyricum, would be clear from his own words and from what Luke has recorded in the Acts. And from the 3.4.2 words of Peter, in what provinces he also, evangelizing Christ to those of the circumcision, delivered the word of the new testament, would be clear from his acknowledged epistle which we have mentioned, in which he writes to the Hebrews in the dispersion of Pontus and Galatia, Cappadocia, and Asia and 3.4.3 Bithynia. But how many and which of these, having become genuine disciples, were approved as competent to shepherd the churches founded by them, it is not easy to say, except for as many as one might recount 3.4.4 from the words of Paul. For he had countless fellow-workers, and, as he himself

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τῶν Παπία συγγραμμάτων. 3.1.1 Τὰ μὲν δὴ κατὰ Ἰουδαίους ἐν τούτοις ἦν· τῶν δὲ ἱερῶν τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἀποστόλων τε καὶ μαθητῶν ἐφ' ἅπασαν κατασπαρέντων τὴν οἰκουμένην, Θωμᾶς μέν, ὡς ἡ παράδοσις περιέχει, τὴν Παρθίαν εἴληχεν, Ἀνδρέας δὲ τὴν Σκυθίαν, Ἰωάννης τὴν Ἀσίαν, πρὸς οὓς καὶ διατρίψας ἐν Ἐφέσῳ τελευτᾷ, Πέτρος 3.1.2 δ' ἐν Πόντῳ καὶ Γαλατίᾳ καὶ Βιθυνίᾳ Καππαδοκίᾳ τε καὶ Ἀσίᾳ κεκηρυχέναι τοῖς ἐκ διασπορᾶς Ἰουδαίοις ἔοικεν· ὃς καὶ ἐπὶ τέλει ἐν Ῥώμῃ γενόμενος, ἀνεσκολοπίσθη κατὰ κεφαλῆς, 3.1.3 οὕτως αὐτὸς ἀξιώσας παθεῖν. τί δεῖ περὶ Παύλου λέγειν, ἀπὸ Ἱερουσαλὴμ μέχρι τοῦ Ἰλλυρικοῦ πεπληρωκότος τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ὕστερον ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ ἐπὶ Νέρωνος μεμαρτυρηκότος; ταῦτα Ὠριγένει κατὰ λέξιν ἐν τρίτῳ τόμῳ τῶν εἰς τὴν Γένεσιν ἐξηγητικῶν εἴρηται. 3.2.1 Τῆς δὲ Ῥωμαίων ἐκκλησίας μετὰ τὴν Παύλου καὶ Πέτρου μαρτυρίαν πρῶτος κληροῦται τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν Λίνος. μνημονεύει τούτου Τιμοθέῳ γράφων ἀπὸ Ῥώμης ὁ Παῦλος κατὰ τὴν ἐπὶ τέλει τῆς ἐπιστολῆς πρόσρησιν. Πέτρου μὲν οὖν ἐπιστολὴ μία, ἡ λεγομένη αὐτοῦ προτέρα, ἀνωμολόγηται, ταύτῃ δὲ καὶ οἱ πάλαι πρεσβύτεροι ὡς ἀναμφιλέκτῳ ἐν τοῖς σφῶν αὐτῶν κατακέχρηνται συγγράμμασιν· τὴν δὲ φερομένην δευτέραν οὐκ ἐνδιάθηκον μὲν εἶναι παρειλήφαμεν, ὅμως δὲ πολλοῖς χρήσιμος φανεῖσα, μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἐσπουδάσθη 3.3.2 γραφῶν. τό γε μὴν τῶν ἐπικεκλημένων αὐτοῦ Πράξεων καὶ τὸ κατ' αὐτὸν ὠνομασμένον εὐαγγέλιον τό τε λεγόμενον αὐτοῦ Κήρυγμα καὶ τὴν καλουμένην Ἀποκάλυψιν οὐδ' ὅλως ἐν καθολικοῖς ἴσμεν παραδεδομένα, ὅτι μήτε ἀρχαίων μήτε μὴν καθ' ἡμᾶς τις ἐκκλησιαστικὸς συγγραφεὺς ταῖς ἐξ αὐτῶν συνεχρήσατο 3.3.3 μαρτυρίαις. προϊούσης δὲ τῆς ἱστορίας προύργου ποιήσομαι σὺν ταῖς διαδοχαῖς ὑποσημήνασθαι τίνες τῶν κατὰ χρόνους ἐκκλησιαστικῶν συγγραφέων ὁποίαις κέχρηνται τῶν ἀντιλεγομένων, τίνα τε περὶ τῶν ἐνδιαθήκων καὶ ὁμολογουμένων γρα3.3.4 φῶν καὶ ὅσα περὶ τῶν μὴ τοιούτων αὐτοῖς εἴρηται. ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν ὀνομαζόμενα Πέτρου, ὧν μόνην μίαν γνησίαν ἔγνων ἐπιστολὴν καὶ παρὰ τοῖς πάλαι πρεσβυτέροις ὁμολογουμένην, τοσαῦτα· 3.3.5 τοῦ δὲ Παύλου πρόδηλοι καὶ σαφεῖς αἱ δεκατέσσαρες· ὅτι γε μήν τινες ἠθετήκασι τὴν πρὸς Ἑβραίους, πρὸς τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἐκκλησίας ὡς μὴ Παύλου οὖσαν αὐτὴν ἀντιλέγεσθαι φήσαντες, οὐ δίκαιον ἀγνοεῖν· καὶ τὰ περὶ ταύτης δὲ τοῖς πρὸ ἡμῶν εἰρημένα κατὰ καιρὸν παραθήσομαι. οὐδὲ μὴν τὰς λεγομένας αὐτοῦ 3.3.6 Πράξεις ἐν ἀναμφιλέκτοις παρείληφα. ἐπεὶ δ' ὁ αὐτὸς ἀπόστολος ἐν ταῖς ἐπὶ τέλει προσρήσεσιν τῆς πρὸς Ῥωμαίους μνήμην πεποίηται μετὰ ἄλλων καὶ Ἑρμᾶ, οὗ φασιν ὑπάρχειν τὸ τοῦ Ποιμένος βιβλίον, ἰστέον ὡς καὶ τοῦτο πρὸς μέν τινων ἀντιλέλεκται, δι' οὓς οὐκ ἂν ἐν ὁμολογουμένοις τεθείη, ὑφ' ἑτέρων δὲ ἀναγκαιότατον οἷς μάλιστα δεῖ στοιχειώσεως εἰσαγωγικῆς, κέκριται· ὅθεν ἤδη καὶ ἐν ἐκκλησίαις ἴσμεν αὐτὸ δεδημοσιευμένον, καὶ τῶν παλαιτάτων δὲ συγγραφέων κεχρημένους τινὰς 3.3.7 αὐτῷ κατείληφα. ταῦτα εἰς παράστασιν τῶν τε ἀναντιρρήτων καὶ τῶν μὴ παρὰ πᾶσιν ὁμολογουμένων θείων γραμμάτων εἰρήσθω 3.4.1 Ὅτι μὲν οὖν τοῖς ἐξ ἐθνῶν κηρύσσων ὁ Παῦλος τοὺς ἀπὸ Ἱερουσαλὴμ καὶ κύκλῳ μέχρι τοῦ Ἰλλυρικοῦ τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν καταβέβλητο θεμελίους, δῆλον ἐκ τῶν αὐτοῦ γένοιτ' ἂν φωνῶν καὶ ἀφ' ὧν ὁ Λουκᾶς ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσιν ἱστόρησεν· καὶ ἐκ τῶν 3.4.2 Πέτρου δὲ λέξεων ἐν ὁπόσαις καὶ οὗτος ἐπαρχίαις τοὺς ἐκ περιτομῆς τὸν Χριστὸν εὐαγγελιζόμενος τὸν τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης παρεδίδου λόγον, σαφὲς ἂν εἴη ἀφ' ἧς εἰρήκαμεν ὁμολογουμένης αὐτοῦ ἐπιστολῆς, ἐν ᾗ τοῖς ἐξ Ἑβραίων οὖσιν ἐν διασπορᾷ Πόντου καὶ Γαλατίας Καππαδοκίας τε καὶ Ἀσίας καὶ 3.4.3 Βιθυνίας γράφει. ὅσοι δὲ τούτων καὶ τίνες γνήσιοι ζηλωταὶ γεγονότες τὰς πρὸς αὐτῶν ἱδρυθείσας ἱκανοὶ ποιμαίνειν ἐδοκιμάσθησαν ἐκκλησίας, οὐ ῥᾴδιον εἰπεῖν, μὴ ὅτι γε ὅσους ἄν τις 3.4.4 ἐκ τῶν Παύλου φωνῶν ἀναλέξοιτο. τούτου γὰρ οὖν μυρίοι συνεργοὶ καὶ, ὡς αὐτὸς