John Chrysostom, On Matthew

he digs the pit, while helping he exacerbates poverty, and while stretching out a hand he pushes, and receives as into a harbor, but surrounds him with shipwreck, as on a cliff and a reef and a ledge. But what do you command? he says. That I should give the money I have collected, which is also useful to me, to another for his business, and demand no interest? Away with it! I do not say this, but I very much want you to receive a reward, not a cheap and small one, but a much greater one; for instead of gold, I want you to receive heaven as your interest. Why then do you lock yourself into poverty, crawling about the earth, and demanding small things instead of great? For this is the mark of one who does not know how to be rich. For when God promises you the good things in heaven in exchange for a little money, and you say, 'Do not give me heaven, but instead of heaven, perishing gold,' this is the mark of one who wishes to remain in poverty. Since he who desires wealth and abundance will choose the lasting things before the perishing, the inexhaustible before the things that are spent, the many before the few, the undefiled before the corruptible; for in this way the others will follow as well. For he who seeks the earth before heaven will certainly be cast out of it; but he who prefers heaven to it will enjoy both with much abundance. So that this may happen in our case as well, having despised all things here, let us choose the good things to come. For thus we shall obtain both these and those, by the grace and loving-kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory and the power for ever and ever. Amen.

57.61 HOMILY VI. When Jesus was born in Bethlehem of

Judaea in the days of Herod the king, behold, wise men from the east came to Jerusalem, saying, Where is he who has been born king of the Jews? For we have seen his star in the east, and

have come to worship him. 1. We need much watchfulness, many prayers, so that we may be able

to go through the present passage, and to learn who these Magi were, and from where they came, and how, and what persuaded them, and what the star was. Or rather, if you wish, let us first bring forward what the enemies of the truth say. For the devil has breathed so much against them, that from this passage they even attempt to arm themselves against the words of truth. What then do they say? Behold, he says, when Christ was born a star appeared, which is a sign that astrology is reliable. How then, if He was born under that law, did He abolish astrology, 57.62 and destroy fate, and silence demons, and cast out error, and overturn all such sorcery? And what do the Magi learn from his star? That he was the king of the Jews? And yet he was not a king of this kind of kingdom, as he also said to Pilate, My kingdom is not of this world. At any rate, he demonstrated nothing of the sort; for he had neither bodyguards, nor shield-bearers, nor horses, nor a team of mules, nor anything else of that kind around him; but he pursued this humble and poor life, taking twelve humble men around with him. And if they knew he was a king, for what reason do they come? For this is surely not the work of astrology, to know from the stars those who are being born, but rather from the hour of those being born to foretell the things that are to come, as they say. But these men were not present with the mother in her labor, nor did they know the time at which he was born, nor from this 57.63 having taken their starting point, did they deduce from the movement of the stars the things that were to come; but conversely, having seen a star that appeared a long time before in their own country, they come to see the one who was born; which itself also is very different from the former

ὀρύσσει τὸ βάραθρον, ἐν τῷ βοηθεῖν ἐπιτρίβων τὴν πενίαν, καὶ ἐν τῷ χεῖρα ὀρέγειν ὠθῶν, καὶ δεχόμενος μὲν ὡς εἰς λιμένα, ναυαγίῳ δὲ περιβάλλων, ὡς ἐν σκοπέλῳ καὶ ὑφάλῳ καὶ σπιλάδι τοῦτον. Ἀλλὰ τί κελεύεις; φησί· τὸ συλλεχθὲν ἀργύριον καὶ ἐμοὶ χρήσιμον, ἑτέρῳ διδόναι εἰς ἐργασίαν, καὶ μηδένα μισθὸν ἀπαιτεῖν; Ἄπαγε· οὐ φημὶ τοῦτο ἐγὼ, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα βούλομαί σε μισθὸν λαβεῖν, οὐ μὴν εὐτελῆ καὶ μικρὸν, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ μείζονα· ἀντὶ γὰρ χρυσίου, τὸν οὐρανὸν βούλομαί σε τόκον λαβεῖν. Τί τοίνυν εἰς πτωχείαν σεαυτὸν κατακλείεις, περὶ τὴν γῆν συρόμενος, καὶ μικρὰ ἀντὶ μεγάλων ἀπαιτῶν; Τοῦτο γὰρ οὐκ εἰδότος ἐστὶ πλουτεῖν. Ὅταν γὰρ ὁ μὲν Θεὸς, ἀντὶ χρημάτων ὀλίγων ἐπαγγέλληταί σοι τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἀγαθὰ, σὺ δὲ λέγῃς, Μὴ οὐρανόν μοι δῷς, ἀλλ' ἀντὶ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ χρυσίον τὸ ἀπολλύμενον, τοῦτο βουλομένου μένειν ἐστὶν ἐν πενίᾳ. Ὡς ὅ γε ἐπιθυμῶν πλούτου καὶ εὐπορίας, τὰ μένοντα πρὸ τῶν ἀπολλυμένων, τὰ ἀνάλωτα πρὸ τῶν δαπανωμένων, τὰ πολλὰ πρὸ τῶν ὀλίγων, τὰ ἀκήρατα πρὸ τῶν φθειρομένων αἱρήσεται· οὕτω γὰρ κἀκεῖνα ἕψεται. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ τὴν γῆν πρὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ζητῶν, καὶ ταύτης ἐκπεσεῖται πάντως· ὁ δὲ ἐκεῖνον ταύτης προτιθεὶς, ἀμφοτέρων ἀπολαύσεται μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ὑπερβολῆς. Ὅπερ ἵνα καὶ ἐφ' ἡμῶν γένηται, καταφρονήσαντες τῶν ἐνταῦθα πάντων, ἑλώμεθα τὰ μέλλοντα ἀγαθά. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τούτων κἀκείνων τευξόμεθα, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

57.61 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΣΤʹ. Τοῦ Ἰησοῦ γεννηθέντος ἐν Βηθλεὲμ τῆς

Ἰουδαίας ἐν ἡμέραις Ἡρώδου τοῦ βασιλέως, ἰδοὺ μάγοι ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν παρεγένοντο εἰς Ἱερο σόλυμα, λέγοντες· Ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ τεχθεὶς βασι λεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων; εἴδομεν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ, καὶ

ἤλθομεν προσκυνῆ σαι αὐτῷ. αʹ. Πολλῆς ἡμῖν δεῖ τῆς ἀγρυπνίας, πολλῶν τῶν εὐχῶν, ὥστε δυνηθῆναι

ἐπεξελθεῖν τῷ παρόντι χωρίῳ, καὶ μαθεῖν, τίνες οἱ μάγοι οὗτοι, καὶ πόθεν ἦλθον, καὶ πῶς, καὶ τίνος αὐτοὺς πείσαντος, καὶ τίς ὁ ἀστήρ. Μᾶλλον δὲ, εἰ βούλεσθε, πρότερον ἅ φασιν οἱ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐχθροὶ, ταῦτα εἰς μέσον ἀγάγωμεν. Καὶ γὰρ τοσοῦτον κατ' αὐτῶν ἔπνευσεν ὁ διάβολος, ὥστε καὶ ἐντεῦθεν αὐτοὺς ἐπιχειρεῖν ὁπλίζειν κατὰ τῶν τῆς ἀληθείας λόγων. Τί οὖν φασιν; Ἰδοὺ, φησὶ, καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ γεννηθέντος ἀστὴρ ἐφάνη, ὅπερ ἐστὶ σημεῖον τοῦ τὴν ἀστρολογίαν εἶναι βεβαίαν. Πῶς οὖν εἰ κατ' ἐκεῖνον ἐτέχθη τὸν νόμον, ἀστρολογίαν ἔλυσε, 57.62 καὶ εἱμαρμένην ἀνεῖλε, καὶ δαίμονας ἐπεστόμισε, καὶ πλάνην ἐξέβαλε, καὶ πᾶσαν τοιαύτην μαγγανείαν ἀνέτρεψε; Τί δὲ καὶ οἱ μάγοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀστέρος αὐτοῦ μανθάνουσιν; ὅτι βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἦν; Καὶ μὴν οὐ ταύτης ἦν τῆς βασιλείας βασιλεὺς, καθὼς καὶ τῷ Πιλάτῳ ἔλεγεν· Ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐμὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου. Οὐδὲν γοῦν ἐπεδείξατο τοιοῦτον· οὐδὲ γὰρ δορυφόρους, οὔτε ὑπασπιστὰς, οὔτε ἵππους, οὔτε ἡμιόνων ζεῦγος, οὔτε ἄλλο τι τοιοῦτον ἔσχε περὶ ἑαυτόν· ἀλλὰ τὸν εὐτελῆ τοῦτον βίον καὶ πτωχὸν μετῄει, δώδεκα εὐτελεῖς ἀνθρώπους μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ περιφέρων. Εἰ δὲ καὶ βασιλέα ᾔδεσαν ὄντα, τίνος ἕνεκεν παραγίνονται; Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτο ἀστρονομίας ἔργον ἐστὶν, ἀπὸ τῶν ἄστρων εἰδέναι τοὺς τικτομένους, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας τῶν τικτομένων προαναφωνεῖν τὰ μέλλοντα ἔσεσθαι, ὥς φασιν. Οὗτοι δὲ οὔτε ὠδινούσῃ τῇ μητρὶ παρῆσαν, οὔτε τὸν καιρὸν ἔγνωσαν, καθ' ὃν ἐτέχθη, οὔτε ἐντεῦθεν λα 57.63 βόντες τὴν ἀρχὴν, συνέθηκαν ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν ἄστρων κινήσεως τὰ μέλλοντα ἔσεσθαι· ἀλλ' ἀντιστρόφως, ἀστέρα πρὸ πολλοῦ τοῦ χρόνου θεασάμενοι φανέντα ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῶν χώρας, ἔρχονται ὀψόμενοι τὸν τεχθέντα· ὅπερ καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦ προτέρου σφόδρα