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they flay. For what did it profit Homer to write about the Trojan war and to deceive many, or Hesiod the catalogue of the theogony of the gods named by him, or Orpheus the three hundred and sixty-five gods, whom he himself at the end of his life rejects, saying in his Testaments that God is one? And what did it profit Aratus, the description of the sphere of the cosmic circle, or those who said similar things to him, except for human glory, of which not even they received their due? And what true thing have they said? Or what did the tragedies profit Euripides and Sophocles or the other tragedians, or Menander and Aristophanes and the other comic poets the comedies, or Herodotus and Thucydides their histories, or Pythagoras the inner shrines and the pillars of Heracles, or Diogenes the cynic philosophy, or Epicurus the dogma that there is no providence, or Empedocles the teaching of atheism, or Socrates the swearing by the dog and the goose and the plane-tree and the thunder-stricken Asclepius and the demons which he invoked; and for what reason did he die willingly, hoping to receive what and what kind of reward after death? What did the education according to him profit Plato, or the other philosophers their doctrines—so that I do not list their number, being many? And we say these things in order to show their unprofitable and atheistic thought. For all these men, having fallen in love with empty and vain glory, neither knew the truth themselves nor indeed did they exhort others to the truth. For the very things they said convict them, or they have spoken inconsistently, and most of them have destroyed their own doctrines; for not only did they subvert one another, but some have even made their own doctrines invalid, so that their glory has turned to dishonor and folly; for they are condemned by the wise. For either they spoke about gods, but later they themselves taught atheism, or if also concerning the genesis of the world, they said that the ultimate principle of all things is automatism, but also speaking of providence, they again dogmatized that the world is without providence. What then? Did they not, while attempting to write about solemnity, teach licentiousness and fornication and adultery to be practiced, and moreover even introduce hateful, unspeakable acts? And at least they proclaim their chief gods to engage in unspeakable unions and in unlawful feasts. For who does not sing of Cronus eating his children, and Zeus his son swallowing Metis and preparing polluted feasts for the gods; where they also say a certain lame Hephaestus, a smith, serves them; and that Hera, his own sister, not only marries Zeus, but also performs unspeakable acts through an unholy mouth? And the other deeds concerning him, as many as the poets sing of, you likely know. What remains for me to recount the things concerning Poseidon and Apollo or Dionysus and Heracles, Athena the lover of song and Aphrodite the shameless, since we have made a more accurate account concerning them in another work? For we should not have been refuting these things, except that I see you

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δέρουσιν. Τί γὰρ ὠφέλησεν Ὅμηρον συγγράψαι τὸν Ἰλιακὸν πόλεμον καὶ πολλοὺς ἐξαπατῆσαι, ἢ Ἡσίοδον ὁ κατάλογος τῆς θεογονίας τῶν παρ' αὐτῷ θεῶν ὀνομαζομένων, Ὀρφέα οἱ τριακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα πέντε θεοί, οὓς αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τέλει τοῦ βίου ἀθετεῖ, ἐν ταῖς ∆ιαθήκαις αὐτοῦ λέγων ἕνα εἶναι θεόν; τί δὲ ὠφέλησεν Ἄρατον ἡ σφαιρογραφία τοῦ κοσμικοῦ κύκλου, ἢ τοὺς τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ εἰπόντας, πλὴν τῆς κατ' ἄνθρωπον δόξης, ἧς οὐδὲ αὐτῆς κατ' ἀξίαν ἔτυχον; τί δὲ καὶ ἀληθὲς εἰρήκασιν; ἢ τί ὠφέλησεν Eὐριπίδην καὶ Σοφοκλέα ἢ τοὺς λοιποὺς τραγῳδιογράφους αἱ τραγῳδίαι, ἢ Μένανδρον καὶ Ἀριστο- φάνην καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς κωμικοὺς αἱ κωμῳδίαι, ἢ Ἡρόδοτον καὶ Θουκυδίδην αἱ ἱστορίαι αὐτῶν, ἢ Πυθαγόραν τὰ ἄδυτα καὶ Ἡρακ- λέους στῆλαι, ἢ ∆ιογένην ἡ κυνικὴ φιλοσοφία, ἢ Ἐπίκουρον τὸ δογματίζειν μὴ εἶναι πρόνοιαν, ἢ Ἐμπεδοκλέα τὸ διδάσκειν ἀθεό- τητα, ἢ Σωκράτην τὸ ὀμνύειν τὸν κύνα καὶ τὸν χῆνα καὶ τὴν πλάτανον καὶ τὸν κεραυνωθέντα Ἀσκλήπιον καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια ἃ ἐπεκαλεῖτο· πρὸς τί δὲ καὶ ἑκὼν ἀπέθνησκεν, τίνα καὶ ὁποῖον μισθὸν μετὰ θάνατον ἀπολαβεῖν ἐλπίζων; τί δὲ ὠφέλησεν Πλάτωνα ἡ κατ' αὐτὸν παιδεία, ἢ τοὺς λοιποὺς φιλοσόφους τὰ δόγματα αὐτῶν ἵνα μὴ τὸν ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν καταλέγω πολλῶν ὄντων; ταῦτα δέ φαμεν εἰς τὸ ἐπιδεῖξαι τὴν ἀνωφελῆ καὶ ἄθεον διάνοιαν αὐτῶν. ∆όξης γὰρ κενῆς καὶ ματαίου πάντες οὗτοι ἐρασθέντες οὔτε αὐτοὶ τὸ ἀληθὲς ἔγνωσαν οὔτε μὴν ἄλλους ἐπὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν προ- ετρέψαντο. καὶ γὰρ ἃ ἔφασαν αὐτὰ ἐλέγχει αὐτούς, ἢ ἀσύμφωνα εἰρήκασιν, καὶ τὰ ἴδια δόγματα οἱ πλείους αὐτῶν κατέλυσαν· οὐ γὰρ ἀλλήλους μόνον ἀνέτρεψαν, ἀλλ' ἤδη τινὲς καὶ τὰ ἑαυτῶν δόγματα ἄκυρα ἐποίησαν, ὥστε ἡ δόξα αὐτῶν εἰς ἀτιμίαν καὶ μωρίαν ἐχώρησεν· ὑπὸ γὰρ τῶν συνετῶν καταγινώσκονται. Ἤτοι γὰρ περὶ θεῶν ἔφασαν, αὐτοὶ δ' ὕστερον ἀθεότητα ἐδίδαξαν, ἢ εἰ καὶ περὶ κόσμου γενέσεως, ἔσχατον αὐτοματισμὸν εἶπον εἶναι τῶν πάντων, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ προνοίας λέγοντες πάλιν ἀπρονόητον εἶναι κόσμον ἐδογμάτισαν. τί δ'; οὐχὶ καὶ περὶ σεμνότητος πειρώ- μενοι γράφειν ἀσελγείας καὶ πορνείας καὶ μοιχείας ἐδίδαξαν ἐπι- τελεῖσθαι, ἔτι μὴν καὶ τὰς στυγητὰς ἀρρητοποιΐας εἰσηγήσαντο; καὶ πρώτους γε τοὺς θεοὺς αὐτῶν κηρύσσουσιν ἐν ἀρρήτοις μίξεσιν συγγίνεσθαι ἔν τε ἀθέσμοις βρώσεσιν. τίς γὰρ οὐκ ᾄδει Κρόνον τεκνοφάγον, ∆ία δὲ τὸν παίδα αὐτοῦ τὴν Μῆτιν καταπίνειν καὶ δεῖπνα μιαρὰ τοῖς θεοῖς ἑτοιμάζειν· ἔνθα καὶ χωλὸν Ἥφαιστόν τινα χαλκέα φασὶν διακονεῖν αὐτοῖς· τήν τε Ἥραν ἰδίαν ἀδελφὴν αὐτοῦ μὴ μόνον τὸν ∆ία γαμεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ στόματος ἀνάγνου ἀρρητο- ποιεῖν; τάς τε λοιπὰς περὶ αὐτοῦ πράξεις, ὁπόσας ᾄδουσιν οἱ ποιηταί, εἰκὸς ἐπίστασαι. τί μοι λοιπὸν καταλέγειν τὰ περὶ Ποσει- δῶνος καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος ἢ ∆ιονύσου καὶ Ἡρακλέους, Ἀθηνᾶς τῆς φιλομόλπου καὶ Ἀφροδίτης τῆς ἀναισχύντου, ἀκριβέστερον πεποιη- κότων ἡμῶν ἐν ἑτέρῳ τὸν περὶ αὐτῶν λόγον; Oὐδὲ γὰρ ἐχρῆν ἡμᾶς ταῦτα ἀνασκευάζειν, εἰ μὴ ὅτι σε θεωρῶ