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he named, have become fellow-soldiers, the majority of whom have been deemed worthy by him of unforgettable memory, since he included a lasting testimony about them in his own epistles; but not only that, but also Luke in the Acts, listing his acquaintances, 3.4.5 makes mention of them by name. And Timothy, indeed, is recorded as the first to have received the episcopate of the parish in Ephesus, 3.4.6 as was Titus of the churches in Crete. But Luke, being by birth of Antioch and a physician by profession, having been for the most part with Paul, and having associated not cursorily with the rest of the apostles, has left us examples of the healing of souls which he acquired from them in two divinely inspired books, the Gospel, which he is testified to have written according to what was delivered to him by those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word, all of whom he says he had followed closely from the first, and the Acts of the Apostles, which he composed no longer from hearsay, but having received it with his own 3.4.7 eyes. And they say that Paul was accustomed to mention his Gospel, whenever writing as if about a gospel of his own, he would say: “according to my 3.4.8 gospel.” Of the other followers of Paul, Crescens is testified to have been sent by him to Gaul, and Linus, whom he mentions as being with him in Rome in the second epistle to Timothy, has already been shown to have been chosen as the first after Peter for the episcopate of the church of the Romans; 3.4.9 but also Clement, who was appointed third bishop of the church of the Romans, is testified by Paul to have been his fellow-worker and fellow-soldier. 3.4.10 In addition to these, that Areopagite, whose name was Dionysius, whom Luke recorded in the Acts as being the first to believe after Paul's address to the Athenians on the Areopagus, is recorded by another Dionysius, one of the ancients, the pastor of the parish of the Corinthians, to have become the first bishop of the church in Athens. 3.4.11 But as we proceed on our way, the matters of the succession of the apostles in their times will be related by us at the proper time; but for now let us go on to the following parts of the history. 3.5.1 After Nero, who had held power for thirteen years, and after those around Galba and Otho, who lasted for a year and six months, Vespasian, distinguished in the campaigns against the Jews, is declared emperor in Judea itself, being proclaimed emperor by the armies there. 3.5.2 Therefore, having immediately set out for Rome, he entrusts the war against the Jews to Titus his son. And indeed, after the ascension of our Savior, the Jews, in addition to their audacious act against him, having also devised very many plots against his apostles, with Stephen first being killed by them with stones, and then after him James, who was the son of Zebedee and the brother of John, being beheaded, and on top of all, James, who had been allotted the throne of the episcopate there first after the ascension of our Savior, having passed away in the manner previously shown, and the rest of the apostles being conspired against with countless plots unto death and being driven from the land of Judea, but having undertaken the journey to all the nations for the teaching of the proclamation with the power of Christ, who said to them: “Go and make disciples of all nations in my 3.5.3 name,” but not only that, but also with the people of the church in Jerusalem having been commanded by a certain oracle given by revelation to the approved men there before the war to move from the city and to dwell in a certain city of Perea, which they call Pella, and with those who had believed in Christ having moved there from Jerusalem, so that holy men had completely left both the royal metropolis of the Jews itself and the entire land of Judea, the justice from God at last came upon them, since they had committed so many lawless acts against both Christ and his apostles, completely of the impious ones the

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ὠνόμασεν, συστρατιῶται γεγόνασιν, ὧν οἱ πλείους ἀλήστου πρὸς αὐτοῦ μνήμης ἠξίωνται, διηνεκῆ τὴν περὶ αὐτῶν μαρτυρίαν ταῖς ἰδίαις ἐπιστολαῖς ἐγκαταλέξαντος, οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ Λουκᾶς ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσιν τοὺς γνωρίμους αὐτοῦ κατα3.4.5 λέγων ἐξ ὀνόματος αὐτῶν μνημονεύει. Τιμόθεός γε μὴν τῆς ἐν Ἐφέσῳ παροικίας ἱστορεῖται πρῶτος τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν εἰληχέ3.4.6 ναι, ὡς καὶ Τίτος τῶν ἐπὶ Κρήτης ἐκκλησιῶν. Λουκᾶς δὲ τὸ μὲν γένος ὢν τῶν ἀπ' Ἀντιοχείας, τὴν ἐπιστήμην δὲ ἰατρός, τὰ πλεῖστα συγγεγονὼς τῷ Παύλῳ, καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς δὲ οὐ παρέργως τῶν ἀποστόλων ὡμιληκώς, ἧς ἀπὸ τούτων προσεκτήσατο ψυχῶν θεραπευτικῆς ἐν δυσὶν ἡμῖν ὑποδείγματα θεοπνεύστοις κατέλιπεν βιβλίοις, τῷ τε εὐαγγελίῳ, ὃ καὶ χαράξαι μαρτύρεται καθ' ἃ παρέδοσαν αὐτῷ οἱ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς αὐτόπται καὶ ὑπηρέται γενόμενοι τοῦ λόγου, οἷς καί φησιν ἔτ' ἄνωθεν ἅπασι παρηκολουθηκέναι, καὶ ταῖς τῶν ἀποστόλων Πράξεσιν, ἃς οὐκέτι δι' ἀκοῆς, ὀφθαλμοῖς 3.4.7 δὲ παραλαβὼν συνετάξατο. φασὶν δ' ὡς ἄρα τοῦ κατ' αὐτὸν εὐαγγελίου μνημονεύειν ὁ Παῦλος εἴωθεν, ὁπηνίκα ὡς περὶ ἰδίου τινὸς εὐαγγελίου γράφων ἔλεγεν· «κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν 3.4.8 μου». τῶν δὲ λοιπῶν ἀκολούθων τοῦ Παύλου Κρήσκης μὲν ἐπὶ τὰς Γαλλίας στειλάμενος ὑπ' αὐτοῦ μαρτυρεῖται, Λίνος δέ, οὗ μέμνηται συνόντος ἐπὶ Ῥώμης αὐτῷ κατὰ τὴν δευτέραν πρὸς Τιμόθεον ἐπιστολήν, πρῶτος μετὰ Πέτρον τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἐκκλησίας τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν ἤδη πρότερον κληρωθεὶς 3.4.9 δεδήλωται· ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ Κλήμης, τῆς Ῥωμαίων καὶ αὐτὸς ἐκκλησίας τρίτος ἐπίσκοπος καταστάς, Παύλου συνεργὸς καὶ συναθλη3.4.10 τὴς γεγονέναι πρὸς αὐτοῦ μαρτυρεῖται. ἐπὶ τούτοις καὶ τὸν Ἀρεοπαγίτην ἐκεῖνον, ∆ιονύσιος ὄνομα αὐτῷ, ὃν ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσι μετὰ τὴν ἐν Ἀρείῳ πάγῳ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους Παύλου δημηγορίαν πρῶτον πιστεῦσαι ἀνέγραψεν ὁ Λουκᾶς, τῆς ἐν Ἀθήναις ἐκκλησίας πρῶτον ἐπίσκοπον ἀρχαίων τις ἕτερος ∆ιονύσιος, τῆς 3.4.11 Κορινθίων παροικίας ποιμήν, γεγονέναι ἱστορεῖ. ἀλλὰ γὰρ ὁδῷ προβαίνουσιν, ἐπὶ καιροῦ τὰ τῆς κατὰ χρόνους τῶν ἀποστόλων διαδοχῆς ἡμῖν εἰρήσεται· νῦν δ' ἐπὶ τὰ ἑξῆς ἴωμεν τῆς ἱστορίας. 3.5.1 Μετὰ Νέρωνα δέκα πρὸς τρισὶν ἔτεσιν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐπικρατήσαντα τῶν ἀμφὶ Γάλβαν καὶ Ὄθωνα ἐνιαυτὸν ἐπὶ μησὶν ἓξ διαγενομένων, Οὐεσπασιανός, ταῖς κατὰ Ἰουδαίων παρατάξεσιν λαμπρυνόμενος, βασιλεὺς ἐπ' αὐτῆς ἀναδείκνυται τῆς Ἰουδαίας, αὐτοκράτωρ πρὸς τῶν αὐτόθι στρατοπέδων ἀναγορευθείς. τὴν ἐπὶ Ῥώμης οὖν αὐτίκα στειλάμενος, Τίτῳ τῷ παιδὶ τὸν κατὰ Ἰου3.5.2 δαίων ἐγχειρίζει πόλεμον. μετά γε μὴν τὴν τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἀνάληψιν Ἰουδαίων πρὸς τῷ κατ' αὐτοῦ τολμήματι ἤδη καὶ κατὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων αὐτοῦ πλείστας ὅσας ἐπιβουλὰς μεμηχανημένων, πρώτου τε Στεφάνου λίθοις ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἀνῃρημένου, εἶτα δὲ μετ' αὐτὸν Ἰακώβου, ὃς ἦν Ζεβεδαίου μὲν παῖς, ἀδελφὸς δὲ Ἰωάννου, τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποτμηθέντος, ἐπὶ πᾶσί τε Ἰακώβου, τοῦ τὸν αὐτόθι τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς θρόνον πρώτου μετὰ τὴν τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἀνάληψιν κεκληρωμένου, τὸν προδηλωθέντα τρόπον μεταλλάξαντος, τῶν τε λοιπῶν ἀποστόλων μυρία εἰς θάνατον ἐπιβεβουλευμένων καὶ τῆς μὲν Ἰουδαίας γῆς ἀπεληλαμένων, ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ τοῦ κηρύγματος διδασκαλίᾳ τὴν εἰς σύμπαντα τὰ ἔθνη στειλαμένων πορείαν σὺν δυνάμει τοῦ Χριστοῦ, φήσαντος αὐτοῖς· «πορευθέντες μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἐν τῷ ὀνό3.5.3 ματί μου», οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ λαοῦ τῆς ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἐκκλησίας κατά τινα χρησμὸν τοῖς αὐτόθι δοκίμοις δι' ἀποκαλύψεως ἐκδοθέντα πρὸ τοῦ πολέμου μεταναστῆναι τῆς πόλεως καί τινα τῆς Περαίας πόλιν οἰκεῖν κεκελευσμένου, Πέλλαν αὐτὴν ὀνομάζουσιν, ἐν ἧ τῶν εἰς Χριστὸν πεπιστευκότων ἀπὸ τῆς Ἱερουσαλὴμ μετῳκισμένων, ὡς ἂν παντελῶς ἐπιλελοιπότων ἁγίων ἀνδρῶν αὐτήν τε τὴν Ἰουδαίων βασιλικὴν μητρόπολιν καὶ σύμπασαν τὴν Ἰουδαίαν γῆν, ἡ ἐκ θεοῦ δίκη λοιπὸν αὐτοὺς ἅτε τοσαῦτα εἴς τε τὸν Χριστὸν καὶ τοὺς ἀποστόλους αὐτοῦ παρηνομηκότας μετῄει, τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἄρδην τὴν