De capta thessalonica 3 a work by eustathios of thessalonica on its hopefully later capture, which had been weakened by a narrative of cachexia during

 Bearable and full of mourning and wanting springs of tears and some such things, but he who, as they say, was sown in a net and, like us, was caught u

 Most people raised their eyes as to mountains, to the acropolis, where they eagerly awaited help would be for them. but what especially accuses the gr

 Having practiced stretching out his hands like a woman to his pursuers, to slip into a fortress and to give trouble to those who ran after him, lest t

 David, who had lost his senses, whom i had previously blessed when he was in his right mind. and i thus also admired the emperor andronikos in other t

 Completely under age, not only unable to rule a very great empire by himself, but not even to be firmly disposed as boys are, of course, he had alread

 The protostrator alexios and john the eparch, and imprisonment held them and before that, things exceedingly dishonorable. but the boiling of anger on

 For should one measure things beyond measure?) a great disturbance of those of the palace, as much as was for god and the truth according to him, of

 But when the illusion proved false and the war was brought to an end in the late afternoon, having cast down many and filled the southern cemetery, th

 Thus men suffer for for the most part we multiply and magnify what we admire, as being unable to be precise because the soul is confounded by astound

 The present evils are fitting. and to recount the terrible things of that time, all that the latins saw, the fire which spread through their quarters,

 Kontostephanos, an energetic and sensible man, and countless others. but these things were unknown to the crowd and they did not know that he raged ag

 And he also sent them into exile into perpetual banishment. and after a short while, having divided those who had been imprisoned, he separated them i

 To be shamed but if not even so he should yield, being stubborn, to try even violence, and they say it is better for that one to suffer what he does

 Moreover and not enduring it if, having just found an opportunity, he would not take wing, like some demonic figure, he himself tries to surpass in ev

 Having said what seemed best, he was quiet. and for the rest, so that i may not chatter on about worldly unpleasantness, a rush of evils takes place t

 Manuel, and he curses, that he would not come to a worthy state of living in peace, that those alone would be grandeurs when his father died. and he b

 The marchese was left to remain in peace, just as neither was the kral of hungary and any other powerful neighbor. and generally, wherever there was m

 A certain boy, who appeared to be of a similar complexion and age to the emperor alexios. and that child was, they say, a peasant boy from somewhere i

 He annihilated the rest. and his knights were so boastful in their nature that each would stand against three hundred men in war, not at all unlike co

 About to happen, inferring it from many signs. we, at least, anticipating the enemy's attack, sent away those who were children of constantinople with

 For the man was truly master of his hands but he provoked the victorious one to exhaust his desire to laugh at the emperor, and drove the matter to a

 Laws of city-takers, in which, on account of their unwieldiness from size, no effect shone forth, but those around the eastern parts, and they were es

 Not to meddle further, unless they should choose to suffer evils. though he was obliged to supply sufficient grain for the city, he neglected it to su

 Having completely withdrawn his skill, lets the ship be dashed against a reef and sink to the bottom with its cargo and men. so too a guard of a fruit

 Of those seated around to release even one stone from a sling, then also to suggest to the sandal-stitchers on the walls to reproach the latins rounda

 The besiegers because the latins had entirely turned to resisting against choumnos, he, having with difficulty opened the gates and having allowed, fo

 To rebuke the general and to join in leading towards the good. and one might call these men, who had undertaken to remain in the city, no longer civil

 Stripping and running down the streets, known to those who saw them, thus giving proof that they were formerly conspirators. and there is no way that

 He wished, and as a result the enemy host was more emboldened, and even more so especially when, after choumnos had joined battle, though it was possi

 Very strongly fortified. we spoke thus, and the speech flowed away at random, itself as well. and the small stone-throwers were vexing the city, casti

 To the enemies. and with the soldiers shouting in a common cry, komnenos, halt and dismount, he, as if snorting back a final mount up and as you

 But i think this was stranger than that, that when rain poured down from what the enemies were scattering, plowing, indeed, but not sowing the beautif

 In blood, i was led about on horseback through heaps of others, the greater part of whom lay strewn before the wall, so densely packed, that my little

 Of the storm. and if it were made useless for the trees, and especially the fig trees, whose unripe fruit was unlawfully served to the savage beasts f

 But this would be judged as bordering on fighting against god. for the barbarians, rushing in even against each one of them, were committing all sorts

 They tore down when they arrived. and the ruler restrained the murders there, but there was no stopping the suffocation of those who fled into the chu

 By the command of the counts. and it was a sabbath, not having a flight, which one might evangelically pray to avert, but the destruction of so great

 Redness. it was therefore a task to recognize even one's dearest friend among them and each man would ask each other who on earth he might be, becaus

 Thus confounding good order and dissolving the sacred harmony. and i spoke reverently about this also to count alduin, if somehow order might be estab

 To crush the man, goading the horse to kick. thus did these men love us, frequently for every word and every deed putting forward as a justification f

 Of the longed for ones the executioners, or may they have pity. for something like this did indeed happen at times, as if a hungry and biting lion, th

 To relate moderate things out of countless ones but the events of the nights, not even they fail to rival these in contention. and for a time, with t

 They grieved those who kept treasure-houses by ransacking them for the sake of wealth, thus themselves implying that they understood hades as plouton.

 Through all of us and most provident. for it is reported to us that he ordered all-night vigils around the great churches, he jesting even then. for w

 They busied their swords upon them, and afterwards they left completely empty what it contained within, both things for healing and with which the suf

 They cast our people in, and declaring blessed not them but the disease, and now perhaps even death according to the people of gades, among whom hades

 Is fitting, but only by thanksgivings and glory to the most high, from whom and through whom are our affairs. what then prevents me from ceasing after

 Mercilessness towards those who offend in some small way, from which came the merciless thing that just now cast us down, a most just thing, since we,

but this would be judged as bordering on fighting against God. For the barbarians, rushing in even against each one of them, were committing all sorts of terrible acts and such things as to provoke God to their defense. And as many holy men, armored as it were with the most holy of vestments, they cut down, most of them to death, some at the very sacred bema, others even outside, wherever the murderers might chance to find them standing before God, and as many of the laity, who, while their mouths were full of 'Lord have mercy,' had their heads struck off, being repeatedly asked what 'Lord have mercy' meant and being laughed at. And the venerable women who were defiled by lewdness in the holy places and whose chastity was violated, behold they are here, and let them intercede against the perpetrators, those under the yoke of marriage, those free through virginity, the brides of God. And for one woman to be violated by one man would be a lesser evil, but those made common in such ways, chamber-pots as one might say, would not find a lamentation worthy of their suffering. I have something good to say here of the barbarians, that some, when they set about to kill those in the holy places, at least dragged them outside, and so deprived them of life, moderating the evil. But those who committed outrages against sacred things, tearing apart the venerable images that had no elegant decoration of precious material, and stripping others of their ornamentation with blows, they would not, having resolved to do these things, find a place in our memory with good repute, and now, coming to mind, they are spat upon by us. For how could anyone, vexed at learning that men were being stripped in church, endure not to burst with anger, upon knowing of the stripping of divine treasures? Oh, the forbearance of God, that he tolerated and allowed to live a barbarian man who leapt upon the holy and awesome table, exposed his private parts and urinated to 116 a javelin-throw. O precious crosses, our strength, how the profane ones mocked even you. And the divine power, though now still, will by all means be roused. Why should one here set forth also this <the> defilement, how the disorderly men urinated into the glass church lamps—doing such things as, tragedy might say, are done even to urinals—and used the receptacles of their urine as drinking cups? Who also, letting the protruding foot of the wineskin upon them flow down into wells, then drew water and drank of the pollution, and this again and again, forever turning this wanton cycle. But this in itself might even be ridiculous if relegated to some narrative. But the things which have been written above, those call forth countless tears; such as the affair of the Myrrh-gusher, whose tomb men worthy of punishment for such things mocked with axes, hacking away the silver ornament that covered its surface and stripping off the golden crown above his head and, what is more, carrying away the other one from his feet, so that, perhaps, they might avoid the swift-footed justice coming from him. And they would have accomplished their work completely, if the divine had not stood against them and, quickly guiding the better men even among the barbarians, spread a hindrance over the evil. For a eunuch of the king, an emir in rank, sharp and zealous in action, the sort to send deep fear into those whom he might fiercely approach, charged in on horseback, as one would not expect, deep into the divine temple, as most people thought, out of contempt, he too, like that other man, who, having ridden down into the cathedral of the metropolis, lost his horse, which was brought down and broken with him, and did not himself get away well, but in truth by providence, so that he might thus more easily penetrate through the dense crowd of people, as everyone fled from being trampled by the horse, and so that, being conspicuous, he might both see and be seen by the evildoers, and thus ward them off; so the eunuch, rushing in thus with a noble horse and bringing down the iron mace in his hand, while his attendant servants who followed, who were themselves also vehement in action, also joined in, prevented both many murders and the stripping of men and women, which indeed could not be prevented elsewhere, and led away the plotters against the holy tomb in a way they would not have wished, having gained only (and those things were countless) what they had taken before he came

ἀλλὰ τοῦτο θεομαχίᾳ κρίνοιτ' ἂν ἀγχίθυρον. Εἰστρέχοντες γὰρ καὶ εἰς αὐτοὺς ἑκάστους οἱ βάρβαροι ἐποίουν πάνδεινα καὶ οἷα θεὸν ἐρεθίζειν εἰς ἄμυναν. Καὶ ὅσους μὲν ἱεροὺς ἄνδρας, τεθωρακισμένους οἷον ταῖς ἁγιωτέραις τῶν στολῶν, κατέκοπτον, τοὺς πλείους εἰς θάνατον, τοὺς μὲν ἐπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐνθέου βήματος, τοὺς δὲ καὶ ἐκτός, ὅποι τύχῃ εὕροιεν οἱ φονευταὶ ἐνστάτας παρὰ Θεῷ, καὶ ὅσον δὲ λαϊκόν, οἳ τοῦ στόματος πλήρους ὄντος τοῦ «κύριε ἐλέησον» ἀπηράσσοντο τὰς κεφαλάς, ἐπανακρινόμενοι τί τὸ «κύριε ἐλέησον» καὶ γελώμενοι. Αἱ δὲ κατὰ λαγνείαν χρανθεῖσαι, σεμναὶ γυναῖκες ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς καὶ εἰς ἁγνείαν ἐπηρεασθεῖσαι, ἰδού εἰσι, καὶ πρεσβευέτωσαν κατὰ τῶν αἰτίων, αἱ ὑπὸ γάμου ζυγόν, αἱ διὰ παρθενίαν ἄνετοι, αἱ νύμφαι τοῦ Θεοῦ. Καὶ μιᾷ μὲν ἕνα τινὰ συγχρωσθῆναι εἴη ἂν μεῖόν τι κακόν, αἱ δ' ἐν τοιούτοις κοιναί, καθά τις ἂν εἴποι, ἀμίδες οὐκ ἂν εὕροιεν κλαυθμὸν ἐπάξιον. Ἔχω καλόν τι ἐνταῦθα τῶν βαρβάρων εἰπεῖν, ὅτι φονεύειν τοὺς ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς ἐπιβαλόμενοί τινες ἀπέσυρον αὐτοὺς ἔξω γοῦν, καὶ οὕτω καθῄρουν τοῦ ζῆν, μετριάζοντες τὸ κακόν. Οἱ δὲ τοῖς θείοις ἐνυβρίζοντες καὶ τὰ μὲν τῶν σεβασμίων τυπωμάτων κατασχίζοντες, ὅσα μηδέν τι γλαφυρὸν ἐκ τιμίας ὕλης εἶχον, τὰ δὲ ψιλοῦντες τοῦ κατ' αὐτὰ κόσμου μετὰ πληγῶν, οὔτε ταῦτα δρᾶν διεγνωσμένοι ἐχώρουν εἰς εὔφημον ἡμετέραν μνήμην, καὶ νῦν δὲ εἰς νοῦν ἐλθόντες ἡμῖν ἀποπτύονται. Καὶ πῶς γὰρ ἄν τις γυμνοῦσθαι ἀνθρώπους ἐπ' ἐκκλησίας μαθὼν καὶ ἀχθόμενος ἀνάσχοιτ' ἂν μὴ οὐ χόλῳ διαρραγῆναι, γύμνωσιν κειμηλίων θείων ἐγνωκώς; Ὢ Θεοῦ ἀνεξικακίας, εἰ βάρβαρον ἄνδρα κατὰ τῆς ἱερᾶς καὶ φρικτῆς τραπέζης ἀναπηδήσαντα καὶ ἐκκαλύψαντα τὴν αἰδὼ καὶ ἐνουροῦντα εἰς 116 ἀκοντισμὸν ἀφῆκε ζῆν ἀνεχόμενος. Ὦ σταυροὶ τίμιοι, τὸ ἡμέτερον κράτος, ὅσοις καὶ ὑμῶν οἱ μιαροὶ ἐνέπαιξαν. Καὶ ἡ θεία δύναμις ἀτρεμοῦσα οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅπως οὐκ ἐξεγερθήσεται. Τί ἄν τις ἐνταῦθα ἐκθείη καὶ ταύτην <τὴν> μιαρίαν, ὡς τοῖς μὲν ἐξ ὑέλου ἐκκλησιαστικοῖς λαμπτῆρσιν ἐνεούρουν οἱ ἀσύντακτοι, ὅσα καὶ οὐράναις, εἴποι ἂν ἡ τραγῳδία, τοῖς δὲ τῶν οὔρων δοχείοις οἷα καὶ ποτηρίοις ἐκέχρηντο; Οἵ γε καὶ κατὰ φρεάτων ἀφιέντες προρρέειν τὸν τοῦ κατ' αὐτοὺς ἀσκοῦ προύχοντα πόδα, εἶτα ὑδρευόμενοι ἔπινον τοῦ μιασμοῦ καὶ τοῦτο πάλιν καὶ πάλιν, καὶ εἰσαεὶ κύκλον τοῦτον ἑλίττοντες ἀσελγῆ. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν εἴη ἂν καὶ γελοῖον παραρριφὲν εἱρμῷ τινὶ καὶ αὐτό. Ἃ δὲ ἀνόπιν συγγεγράφαται, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνα μυρία προκαλοῦντα δάκρυα· ὁποῖον καὶ τὸ τοῦ Μυροβλύτου, οὗ τῷ τάφῳ ἐμπεπαικότες μετὰ πελέκεων οἱ τοιούτων εἰς ποινὴν ἄξιοι, τόν τε πέριξ ἐπιπολάζοντα κόσμον ἐξ ἀργύρου κατέκοψαν καὶ τὸν ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς δὲ περιείλοντο χρύσεον στέφανον καὶ μὴν καὶ τὸν ἕτερον ἀπήγαγον τοῖν ποδοῖν, ἵνα τάχα τὸ ποδῶκες τῆς ἐξ ἐκείνου δίκης ἐκκλίναιεν. Κἂν ἐξέπραξαν ἐς τὸ πᾶν, εἰ μὴ τὸ θεῖον ἀντέβη καὶ ταχὺ ὁδηγῆσαν τοὺς κρείττονας ἔν γε τοῖς βαρβάροις εἰς κωλύμην κατεπέτασε τοῦ κακοῦ. Εὐνοῦχος γὰρ τοῦ ῥηγός, ἀμιρᾶς τὴν ἀξίαν, πράττειν ὀξὺς καὶ θερμός, οἷος φόβον βαθὺν καταπέμπειν οἷς ἂν ἄγριος προσενεχθείη, ἔφιππος εἰσελάσας, ὡς οὐκ ἄν τις ἐλπίσοι, ἕως εἰς βαθὺ τοῦ θείου ναοῦ, ὡς μὲν οἱ πολλοὶ ἐνόμισαν, διὰ περιφρόνησιν καὶ αὐτὸς κατ' ἐκεῖνον, ὃς ἐν τῇ τῆς μητροπόλεως καθολικῇ καθιππεύσας τόν τε ἵππον ἀπέβαλε συγκατενεχθεὶς θραυσθέντα καὶ αὐτὸς οὐκ εὖ ἀπήλλαξεν, ἀληθῶς δὲ κατὰ προμήθειαν, ἵνα καὶ ῥᾷον οὕτω διὰ τῆς πυκνότητος τοῦ λαοῦ παρεισδύοιτο φευγόντων ἑκάστων συμπατηθῆναι τῷ ἵππῳ, καὶ ἄποπτος δὲ ὢν βλέποιτό τε καὶ ἀντιβλέποι τοὺς κακουργοῦντας, καὶ οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἀμύνοιτο· εἰσδραμὼν γοῦν ὁ εὐνοῦχος οὕτω μετ' εὐγενοῦς ἵππου καὶ τὴν μετὰ χεῖρα σιδηρέαν κορύνην κατάγων, συνεπιλαμβανομένων ἅμα καὶ τῶν ἐφεπομένων θεραπόντων, οἳ καὶ αὐτοὶ σφοδροὶ δρᾶν ἦσαν, φόνους τε πολλοὺς ἐκώλυσε καὶ γυμνώσεις ἀνδρῶν τε καὶ γυναικῶν, ἃ δὴ ἑτέρωθι κωλυθῆναι οὐκ ἔσχε, καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβούλους δὲ τοῦ ἁγίου τάφου ἀπήγαγεν, ὡς οὐκ ἂν ἐκεῖνοι ἤθελον, κερδήσαντας μόνα (μυρία δὲ ἦσαν ἐκεῖνα) ὅσα πρὸ αὐτοῦ