36

stopping your shamelessness? If, then, it had been only ten years after the capture, or twenty, or thirty, or fifty, even so, one should not have been shameless; yet nevertheless some pretext would have been left for those wishing to be contentious; but if not only fifty, but also a hundred, and twice that many, and three times, and many more years have passed since the capture, and not even a trace nor any shadow has ever appeared of the change you expect, for what reason are you being shameless, wantonly and in vain? 48.889 IV. What has been said would indeed have been sufficient for us as a proof that the temple will never be rebuilt. But yet, since the abundance of truth is great, leaving aside the Gospels, I will turn to the prophets, in whom they seem especially to believe; and from them I will make it clear that they will receive back neither the city nor the temple anymore; and yet I had no need to prove that it will not be rebuilt, nor was this my task, but theirs, to show the contrary, that it will be rebuilt. For I have the confirmation from time testifying and contending on my behalf; but they, who are defeated by the very outcome of events, and have nothing to show in deeds for what they say, but boast simply and wantonly, are themselves obliged to provide this testimony. For what I say, I show has come to pass through the deeds themselves, both that the city fell, and that it has not been raised up for so long a time; but what they say is in their own bare words. And they ought to have shown that the city will be rebuilt again; since this is how we see proofs being made in the courts of law as well. For whenever some people dispute with one another over anything, and one of them provides written proofs of what he says, and then the other challenges what is said, he himself is then compelled to provide witnesses or other refutations that these things are not as the documents say, not the one who produces the documents. So also now the Jews ought to have acted and brought forward for us a prophet saying that the city will certainly be rebuilt. For that if your present captivity was to have an end, it was absolutely necessary for the prophets to proclaim these things beforehand, is clear to anyone who has ever so much as glanced into the prophetic books. For it is an ancient custom among the Jews for the prophets to foretell from of old the evil or good things that are about to befall them. For what reason and why? Because of their great ingratitude and shamelessness, Since they immediately forgot the benefactions of God who had done these things, and they ascribed what happened to demons, and they credited the good things to them; and so when they had come out of Egypt, after the sea was parted, and the other wonders occurred, forgetting God who had done these things, they attributed what happened to non-gods, and they say to Aaron: ‘Make for us gods, who will go before us;’ and to Jeremiah they are seen saying, ‘As for the word that you have spoken to us in the name of the Lord, we will not listen to you, because we will surely do every word that shall go forth out of our mouth, to burn incense to the queen of heaven, and to pour out libations to her, as we and our fathers did, and our kings, and our rulers; and we were filled with bread, and became prosperous, and knew no evil; and while burning incense to the queen of heaven, and pouring out libations to her, we have all been diminished, and have perished by the sword and by famine;’ therefore, so that they might not credit any of the things that happened to idols, but believe that both the punishments and the benefactions always came to them from God—the former on account of their sins, the latter on account of His love for mankind—the prophets foretold to them from of old the things that were to be. And so that you may learn that this is the reason for the 48.890 prophecy, hear what the great-voiced Isaiah says: 'I know that you are stubborn'—to the Jewish people—'and your neck is an iron sinew;' that is, unbending, and the

36

ἐπιστομιζούσης σου τὴν ἀναισχυντίαν; Εἰ μὲν οὖν μετὰ τὴν ἅλωσιν δέκα μόνον ἔτη ἦν, ἢ εἴκοσι, ἢ τριάκοντα, ἢ πεντήκοντα, μάλιστα μὲν οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐχρῆν ἀναισχυντεῖν, πλὴν ἀλλ' ὅμως ὑπελέλειπτό τις τοῖς φιλονεικεῖν βουλομένοις πρόφασις· εἰ δὲ οὐχὶ πεντήκοντα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑκατὸν, καὶ δὶς τοσαῦτα, καὶ τρὶς, καὶ πολλῷ πλείονα παρῆλθον ἔτη μετὰ τὴν ἅλωσιν, καὶ οὐδὲ ἴχνος οὐδὲ σκιά τις ἐφάνη ποτὲ τῆς παρ' ὑμῶν προσδοκωμένης μεταβολῆς, τίνος ἕνεκεν εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην ἀναισχυντεῖς; 48.889 δʹ. Ἤρκει μὲν οὖν καὶ τὰ εἰρημένα πρὸς ἀπόδειξιν ἡμῖν τοῦ μηδέποτε τὸν ναὸν ἀναστήσεσθαι. Πλὴν ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ πολλὴ τῆς ἀληθείας ἡ περιουσία, τὰ Εὐαγγέλια ἀφεὶς, ἐπὶ τοὺς προφήτας τρέψομαι, οἷς μάλιστα δοκοῦσι πιστεύειν· καὶ ἀπ' ἐκείνων ποιήσομαι φανερὸν, ὅτι οὔτε τὴν πόλιν, οὔτε τὸν ναὸν λοιπὸν ἀπολήψονται· καίτοι γε οὐδεμίαν εἶχον ἀνάγκην ἀποδεῖξαι, ὅτι οὐκ ἀναστήσεται, οὐδὲ ἐμὸν τοῦτο ἦν, ἀλλ' ἐκείνων, δεῖξαι τοὐναντίον ὅτι ἀναστήσεται. Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἔχω τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου σύστασιν μαρτυροῦσάν μοι καὶ συναγωνιζομένην· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ οἱ δι' αὐτῆς μὲν τῆς ἐκβάσεως τῶν πραγμάτων ἡττώμενοι, καὶ ἐν ἔργοις οὐδὲν ἔχοντες δεῖξαι ὧν λέγουσι, κομπάζοντες δὲ ἁπλῶς καὶ εἰκῆ, αὐτοὶ δίκαιοι ταύτην παρασχεῖν τὴν μαρτυρίαν εἰσίν. Ἃ μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ λέγω, δείκνυμι διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν ἐκβεβηκότα, καὶ ὅτι ἔπεσε, καὶ ὅτι οὐκ ἀνέστη ἡ πόλις ἐπὶ χρόνον τοσοῦτον ἃ δὲ ἐκεῖνοι λέγουσιν, ἐν ῥήμασίν ἐστι ψιλοῖς τοῖς αὐτῶν. Καὶ ἐχρῆν αὐτοὺς δεῖξαι, ὅτι ἀναστήσεται πάλιν ἡ πόλις· ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν τοῖς δικαστηρίοις οὕτως ὁρῶμεν γινομένας τὰς ἀποδείξεις. Ὅταν γάρ τινες ὑπὲρ ὁτουοῦν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀμφισβητῶσι, καὶ θάτερος ὧν λέγει ἐγγράφως παρέχῃ τὰς ἀποδείξεις, εἶτα ὁ ἕτερος ἐπιλαμβάνηται τῶν λεγομένων, αὐτὸς ἀναγκάζεται λοιπὸν μάρτυρας ἢ καὶ ἑτέρους παρέχειν ἐλέγχους τοῦ μὴ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχειν, ὡς τὰ γραμμάτιά φησιν, οὐκ ἐκεῖνος ὁ προφέρων τὰ γραμμάτια. Οὕτω καὶ νῦν ποιεῖν ἔδει τοὺς Ἰουδαίους καὶ παράγειν ἡμῖν προφήτην εἰς μέσον τὸν λέγοντα, ὅτι ἀναστήσεται πάντως ἡ πόλις. Ὅτι γὰρ εἰ καὶ τέλος ἔμελλεν ἕξειν ὑμῖν ἡ παροῦσα αἰχμαλωσία, πᾶσα ἀνάγκη ἦν τοὺς προφήτας ταῦτα προαναφωνεῖν, παντί που δῆλόν ἐστι τῷ καὶ ὁπωσοῦν εἰς τὰ προφητικὰ παρακύψαντι βιβλία. Καὶ γὰρ ἔθος παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις παλαιὸν, τὰ μέλλοντα αὐτοὺς καταλαμβάνειν κακὰ ἢ ἀγαθὰ προαγορεύειν τοὺς προφήτας ἄνωθεν. Τίνος ἕνεκεν καὶ διὰ τί; ∆ιὰ τὴν πολλὴν αὐτῶν ἀγνωμοσύνην καὶ ἀναισχυντίαν, Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ παραυτὰ τὰς εὐεργεσίας ἐπελανθάνοντο τοῦ ταῦτα πεποιηκότος Θεοῦ, καὶ τοῖς δαίμοσιν ἐπέγραφον τὰ γινόμενα, καὶ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἐκείνοις ἐλογίζοντο· καὶ νῦν μὲν ἐξελθόντες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, τῆς θαλάσσης σχισθείσης, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων θαυμάτων γινομένων, ἐπιλαθόμενοι τοῦ ταῦτα πεποιηκότος Θεοῦ, τοῖς οὐ θεοῖς ἀνετίθεσαν τὰ γινόμενα, καὶ τῷ Ἀαρὼν λέγουσι· Ποίησον ἡμῖν θεοὺς, οἳ προπορεύσονται ἡμῶν· καὶ τῷ Ἱερεμίᾳ δὲ φαίνονται λέγοντες, Τὸν λόγον ὃν ἐλάλησας πρὸς ἡμᾶς τῷ ὀνόματι Κυρίου, οὐκ ἀκουσόμεθά σου, ὅτι ποιοῦντες ποιήσομεν πάντα τὸν λόγον, ὃς ἐξελεύσεται ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ἡμῶν, θυμιᾶν τῇ βασιλίσσῃ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ σπένδειν αὐτῇ σπονδὰς, καθὰ ἐποιήσαμεν καὶ ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν, καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἡμῶν, καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες ἡμῶν· καὶ ἐνεπλήσθημεν ἄρτων, καὶ ἐγενήθημεν χρηστοὶ, καὶ κακὰ οὐκ οἴδαμεν· καὶ ὡς θυμιῶντες τῇ βασιλίσσῃ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ σπένδοντες αὐτῇ σπονδὰς, ἠλαττώθημεν πάντες ἡμεῖς, καὶ ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ καὶ ἐν λιμῷ ἐξελίπομεν· ἵνα οὖν μηδὲν τῶν συμβαινόντων τοῖς εἰδώλοις λογίζωνται, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς τιμωρίας καὶ τὰς εὐεργεσίας παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ πιστεύωσιν αὐτοῖς ἀεὶ παραγίνεσθαι, τὰς μὲν διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας, τὰς δὲ διὰ φιλανθρωπίαν, ἄνωθεν αὐτοῖς προὔλεγον οἱ προφῆται τὰ μέλλοντα ἔσεσθαι. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ αἰτίᾳ τῆς 48.890 προῤῥήσεως, ἄκουε τί φησιν ὁ μεγαλοφωνότατος Ἡσαΐας· Γινώσκω ὅτι σκληρὸς εἶ σὺ πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τὸν Ἰουδαϊκὸν, καὶ νεῦρον σιδηροῦν ὁ τράχηλός σου· τουτέστιν ἀκαμπὴς, καὶ τὸ