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days, and for years. Necessary for human life are the signs from the luminaries. Unless one meddles with the signs from them beyond measure, he will find their observations from long experience to be useful. For much can be learned about heavy rains; and much about droughts and the movement of winds, whether partial or general, violent or gentle. For the Lord has also given us one of the signs shown by the sun, saying, It will be stormy, for the sky is red and threatening. For when the rising of the sun occurs through a mist, its rays are dimmed, and it is seen to be coppery and blood-red in color, the thickness of the air producing this appearance to the eyes. And the air, which was previously condensed and held together, not having been dispersed by the ray, is clearly unable to be contained because of the influx of vapors from the earth, but by the excess of moisture will bring a storm to the regions over which it gathers. And likewise when the moon is surrounded by a halo; and when the so-called halos are described around the sun, they indicate either a great quantity of atmospheric water, or a movement of violent winds; or also, what they call parhelia, when they run along with the course of the sun, they become signs of certain atmospheric phenomena. Thus also the pillars, which appear upright in the clouds with the color of the rainbow, indicate rains or exceptional storms, or in general a very great change in the air. And those who have studied these things have observed many portents concerning the waxing or waning moon, since the air around the earth necessarily changes along with its phases. For when it is thin and clear around the third day, it promises stable, fair weather; but when it appears thick in its horns and reddish, it threatens either torrential water from the clouds or a violent movement of the south wind. And who is ignorant of how much benefit the sign from these things provides for life? For the sailor is able to keep his vessel within the harbors, foreseeing the dangers from the winds. And the traveler is able to avoid harm from afar, expecting the change from the gloominess of the air. And farmers, who labor over seeds and the care of plants, find from this all the right moments for their tasks. And already the Lord has foretold that signs of the dissolution of the universe will appear in the sun and moon and stars. The sun will be turned to blood, and the moon will not give its light. These are signs of the completion of the universe. 6.5 But those who leap over the boundaries draw the argument to the defense of astrology, and say that our life is attached to the movement of the heavenly bodies; and that for this reason the signs of the events concerning us are made by the Chaldeans from the stars. And they interpret the simple word of Scripture, Let them be for signs, not of the changes in the air, nor of the changes of the seasons, but for the determination of lives, according to what seems good to them. For what do they say? That the combination of these moving stars, when they come together in such a configuration with the stars situated in the zodiac, produces such and such nativities; and that such and such a relation of the same stars produces the opposite allotment of life. Concerning which it is perhaps not useless for the sake of clarity to take up the matter from a little earlier and speak. And I will say nothing of my own, but I will make use of their own words for the refutation against them, providing some cure for those already taken in by the harm, and for the rest, security against falling into the same things. The inventors of this astrology, having learned that in the breadth of time many of the configurations escape them, completely confined the measures of time to a narrow space; so that even in the smallest and most indivisible moment, as the apostle says, in an atom, and in the twinkling of an eye, there is the greatest difference between one birth and another; and the one in this

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ἡμέρας, καὶ εἰς ἐνιαυτούς. Ἀναγκαῖαι πρὸς τὸν ἀνθρώπινον βίον αἱ ἀπὸ τῶν φωστήρων σημειώσεις. Ἐὰν μή τις πέρα τοῦ μέτρου τὰ ἀπ' αὐτῶν σημεῖα περιεργάζηται, χρησίμους αὐτῶν τὰς ἐκ τῆς μακρᾶς ἐμπειρίας παρατηρήσεις εὑρήσει. Πολλὰ μὲν γὰρ περὶ ἐπομβρίας ἐστὶ μαθεῖν· πολλὰ δὲ πε ρὶ αὐχμῶν καὶ πνευμάτων κινήσεως, ἢ μερικῶν ἢ καθόλου, βιαίων ἢ ἀνειμένων. Ἓν γάρ τι τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου παρα δεικνυμένων καὶ ὁ Κύριος ἡμῖν παραδέδωκεν εἰπὼν, ὅτι Χειμὼν ἔσται, στυγνάζει γὰρ πυρράζων ὁ οὐρανός. Ἐπειδὰν γὰρ δι' ἀχλύος ἡ ἀναφορὰ γένηται τοῦ ἡλίου, ἀμαυροῦνται μὲν αἱ ἀκτῖνες, ἀνθρακώδης δὲ καὶ ὕφαιμος τὴν χρόαν ὁρᾶ ται, τῆς παχύτητος τοῦ ἀέρος ταύτην ἐμποιούσης τὴν φαντασίαν ταῖς ὄψεσι. Μὴ διαχεθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς ἀκτῖνος ὁ πεπυκνωμένος τέως καὶ συνεστὼς ἀὴρ δῆλός ἐστι διὰ τὴν ἐπίρροιαν τῶν ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἀτμῶν κρατηθῆναι μὴ δυνηθεὶς, ἀλλὰ τῷ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ὑγροῦ χειμῶνα ἐπάξων τοῖς χωρίοις περὶ ἃ συναθροίζεται. Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἐπειδὰν ἡ σελήνη περι λιμνάζηται· καὶ τῷ ἡλίῳ δὲ ὅταν αἱ λεγόμεναι ἅλωες περιγραφῶσιν, ἢ ὕδατος ἀερίου πλῆθος, ἢ πνευμάτων βιαίων κίνησιν ὑποφαίνουσιν· ἢ καὶ, οὓς ὀνομάζουσιν ἀνθηλίους, ὅταν συμπεριτρέχωσι τῇ τοῦ ἡλίου φορᾷ, συμπτωμάτων τινῶν ἀερίων σημεῖα γίνεται. Ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ αἱ ῥάβδοι, αἱ κατὰ τὴν χρόαν τῆς ἴριδος εἰς ὀρθὸν τοῖς νέφεσιν ἐμφαινόμεναι, ὄμβρους ἢ χειμῶνας ἐξαισίους, ἢ ὅλως τὴν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον μεταβολὴν τοῦ ἀέρος ἐνδείκνυνται. Πολλὰ δὲ καὶ περὶ σελήνην αὐξομένην ἢ λήγουσαν οἱ τούτοις ἐσχολακότες τετηρήκασι σημειώδη, ὡς τοῦ περὶ γῆν ἀέρος ἀναγκαίως τοῖς σχήμασιν αὐτῆς συμμεταβαλ λομένου. Λεπτὴ μὲν γὰρ οὖσα περὶ τρίτην ἡμέραν καὶ καθαρὰ, σταθερὰν εὐδίαν κατεπαγγέλλεται· παχεῖα δὲ ταῖς κεραίαις καὶ ὑπέρυθρος φαινομένη, ἢ ὕδωρ λάβρον ἀπὸ νεφῶν, ἢ νότου βιαίαν κίνησιν ἀπειλεῖ. Τὴν δὲ ἐκ τούτων σημείωσιν ὅσον τῷ βίῳ παρέχεται τὸ ὠφέλιμον, τίς ἀγνοεῖ; Ἔξεστι μὲν γὰρ τῷ πλωτῆρι εἴσω λιμένων κατέχειν τὸ σκάφος, τοὺς ἐκ τῶν πνευμάτων κινδύνους προορωμένῳ. Ἔξεστι δὲ τῷ ὁδοιπόρῳ πόρρωθεν ἐκκλίνειν τὰς βλάβας, ἐκ τῆς στυγνότητος τοῦ ἀέρος τὴν μεταβολὴν ἀναμένοντι. Γεωργοὶ δὲ, οἱ περὶ τὰ σπέρματα καὶ τὰς τῶν φυτῶν θερα πείας πονούμενοι, πάσας ἐντεῦθεν εὑρίσκουσι τὰς εὐκαιρίας τῶν ἔργων. Ἤδη δὲ καὶ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς διαλύσεως ἐν ἡλίῳ καὶ σελήνῃ καὶ ἄστροις σημεῖα φανήσεσθαι ὁ Κύριος προηγόρευσεν. Ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς αἷμα, καὶ ἡ σελήνη οὐ δώσει τὸ φέγγος αὐτῆς. Ταῦτα σημεῖα τῆς τοῦ παντὸς συμπληρώσεως. 6.5 Ἀλλ' οἱ ὑπὲρ τὰ ἐσκαμμένα πηδῶντες, ἐπὶ τὴν συνηγορίαν τῆς γενεθλιαλογίας τὸν λόγον ἕλκουσι, καὶ λέγουσι προσηρτῆσθαι τὴν ἡμετέραν ζωὴν τῇ κινήσει τῶν οὐρανίων· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐκ τῶν ἄστρων γίνεσθαι παρὰ τῶν Χαλδαίων τὰς σημειώσεις τῶν περὶ ἡμᾶς συμπτωμάτων. Καὶ ἁπλοῦν ὄντα τῆς Γραφῆς τὸν λόγον, Ἔστωσαν εἰς σημεῖα, οὐχὶ τῶν περὶ τὸν ἀέρα τροπῶν, οὐδὲ τῶν περὶ τὰς ὥρας μεταβολῶν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῆς τῶν βίων ἀποκληρώσεως, πρὸς τὸ δοκοῦν ἑαυτοῖς, ἐξακούουσι. Τί γάρ φασιν; Ὅτι τῶνδε μὲν τῶν κινουμένων ἄστρων ἡ ἐπιπλοκὴ, πρὸς τοὺς ἐν τῷ ζῳδιακῷ κειμένους ἀστέρας κατὰ τοιόνδε σχῆμα συνελθόντων ἀλλήλοις, τὰς τοιάσδε γενέσεις ἀποτελεῖ· ἡ δὲ τοιάδε σχέσις τῶν αὐτῶν τὴν ἐναντίαν ἀποκλήρωσιν τοῦ βίου ποιεῖ. Περὶ ὧν οὐκ ἄχρηστον ἴσως σαφηνείας ἕνεκεν μικρὸν ἄνωθεν ἀναλαβόντας εἰπεῖν. Ἐρῶ δὲ οὐδὲν ἐμαυτοῦ ἴδιον, ἀλλὰ τοῖς αὐτῶν ἐκείνων πρὸς τὸν κατ' αὐτῶν ἔλεγχον ἀποχρήσομαι, τοῖς μὲν ἤδη προειλημμένοις εἰς τὴν βλάβην ἴασίν τινα παρεχόμενος, τοῖς δὲ λοιποῖς ἀσφάλειαν πρὸς τὸ μὴ τοῖς ὁμοίοις περιπεσεῖν. Οἱ τῆς γενεθλιαλογίας ταύτης εὑρεταὶ, καταμαθόντες ὅτι ἐν τῷ πλάτει τοῦ χρόνου πολλὰ τῶν σχημάτων αὐτοὺς διαφεύγει, εἰς στενὸν παντελῶς ἀπέ κλεισαν τοῦ χρόνου τὰ μέτρα· ὡς καὶ παρὰ τὸ μικρότατον καὶ ἀκαριαῖον, οἷόν φησιν ὁ ἀπόστολος, τὸ ἐν ἀτόμῳ, καὶ τὸ ἐν ῥιπῇ ὀφθαλμοῦ, μεγίστης οὔσης διαφορᾶς γενέσει πρὸς γένεσιν· καὶ τὸν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ