37

the first tribes were chosen beforehand to be leaders in war and to show themselves stronger and more valiant in wars than the eight tribes. And there is one prince among them, that is, among the three tribes of the Kabars, who exists even to this day. 40 Concerning the tribes of the Kabars and of the Turks. First, this aforesaid tribe of the Kabars that broke away from the Khazars, second that of Nekes, third that of Megeres, fourth that of Kourtougermatos, fifth that of Tarianos, sixth Genach, seventh Kare, eighth Kase. And so, having joined one another, the Kabars with the Turks settled in the land of the Pechenegs. After this, having been summoned by Leo, the Christ-loving and famous emperor, they crossed over, and making war on Symeon they utterly defeated him, and driving him out they advanced as far as Preslav, shutting him up in the fortress called Moundraga, and returned to their own country. At that time they had as their prince Liountikas, the son of Arpad. But after Symeon had again made peace with the emperor of the Romans and obtained security, he sent to the Pechenegs, and made an agreement with them to attack and destroy the Turks. And when the Turks had gone off on a military expedition, the Pechenegs with Symeon came against the Turks, and completely wiped out their families, and miserably drove out from thence the Turks who were guarding their country. But the Turks, on their return, finding their country thus desolate and utterly ruined, settled in the land in which they live today, named, as has been said above, after the name of the rivers. And the place in which the Turks were formerly is called after the name of the river that flows through there, Etel and Kouzou, in which the Pechenegs now live. And the Turks, driven out by the Pechenegs, came and settled in the land in which they now live. And in this very place there are some ancient landmarks: and first there is the bridge of the emperor Trajan at the beginning of Tourkia, then also Belegrada three days' journey from that same bridge, in which is also the tower of the holy and great Constantine, the emperor; and again, upstream on the river, is that which is called Sermion, a two days' journey from Belegrada, and beyond there great Moravia, the unbaptized, which the Turks also wiped out, over which Sphendoplokos formerly ruled. These are the landmarks and names along the river Ister, but the regions beyond these, in which is the entire settlement of Tourkia, they now name after the names of the rivers that flow there. And these are the rivers: the first river is the Timeses, the second river is the Toutes, the third river is the Moreses, the fourth river is the Krisos, and again another river, the Titza. And bordering the Turks on the eastern side are the Bulgarians, where the Ister river, also called the Danube, separates them; on the north are the Pechenegs; on the more western side are the Franks; and on the southern side are the Croats. These eight tribes of the Turks do not obey their own princes, but have a consensus along the rivers, that in whatever part war breaks out, to campaign together with all care and zeal. They have as their first head the prince from the family of Arpad by succession and two others, the gylas and the karchas, who hold the office of judge; and each tribe has a prince. It is to be known that the gylas and the karchas are not proper names, but dignities. It is to be known that Arpad, the great prince of Tourkia, begat four sons: first, Tarkatzous, second, Ielech, third, Ioutotzas, fourth, Zaltas. It is to be known that the first son of Arpad, Tarkatzous, begat a son, Teveles; and the second son, Ielech, begat a son, Ezelech; and the third son, the

37

πολέμους ἰσχυροτέρους καὶ ἀνδρειοτέρους δείκνυσθαι τῶν ὀκτὼ γενεῶν καὶ προεξάρχειν τοῦ πολέμου προεκρίθησαν πρῶται γενεαί. Εἷς δέ ἐστιν ἄρχων ἐν αὐτοῖς, ἤγουν ἐν ταῖς τρισὶ γενεαῖς τῶν Καβάρων, ὅστις καὶ μέχρι τὴν σήμερον ἔστιν. 40 Περὶ τῶν γενεῶν τῶν Καβάρων καὶ τῶν Τούρκων. Πρώτη ἡ παρὰ τῶν Χαζάρων ἀποσπασθεῖσα αὕτη ἡ προρρηθεῖσα τῶν Καβάρων γενεά, δευτέρα τοῦ Νέκη, τρίτη τοῦ Μεγέρη, τετάρτη τοῦ Κουρτουγερμάτου, πέμπτη τοῦ Ταριάνου, ἕκτη Γενάχ, ἑβδόμη Καρῆ, ὀγδόη Κασῆ. Καὶ οὕτως ἀλλήλοις συναφθέντες, μετὰ τῶν Τούρκων οἱ Κάβαροι εἰς τὴν τῶν Πατζινακιτῶν κατῴκησαν γῆν. Μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα παρὰ Λέοντος, τοῦ φιλοχρίστου καὶ ἀοιδίμου βασιλέως, προσκληθέντες διεπέρασαν, καὶ τὸν Συμεὼν πολεμήσαντες κατὰ κράτος αὐτὸν ἥττησαν, καὶ ἐξελάσαντες μέχρι τῆς Πρεσθλάβου διῆλθον, ἀποκλείσαντες αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ κάστρον τὸ λεγόμενον Μουνδράγα, καὶ εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν χώραν ὑπέστρεψαν. Τῷ δὲ τότε καιρῷ τὸν Λιούντικα, τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀρπαδῆ εἶχον ἄρχοντα. Μετὰ δὲ τὸ πάλιν τὸν Συμεὼν μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν Ῥωμαίων εἰρηνεῦσαι καὶ λαβεῖν ἄδειαν διεπέμψατο πρὸς τοὺς Πατζινακίτας, καὶ μετὰ αὐτῶν ὡμοφώνησεν τοῦ καταπολεμῆσαι καὶ ἀφανίσαι τοὺς Τούρκους. Καὶ ὅτε οἱ Τοῦρκοι πρὸς ταξίδιον ἀπῆλθον, οἱ Πατζινακῖται μετὰ Συμεὼν ἦλθον κατὰ τῶν Τούρκων, καὶ τὰς αὐτῶν φαμιλίας παντελῶς ἐξηφάνισαν, καὶ τοὺς εἰς φύλαξιν τῆς χώρας αὐτῶν Τούρκους ἀπ' ἐκεῖσε κακιγκάκως ἀπεδίωξαν. Οἱ δὲ Τοῦρκοι ὑποστρέψαντες καὶ τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν οὕτως εὑρόντες ἔρημον καὶ κατηφανισμένην, κατεσκήνωσαν εἰς τὴν γῆν, εἰς ἣν καὶ σήμερον κατοικοῦσιν, τὴν ἐπονομαζομένην κατὰ τὴν ἀνωτέρω, ὡς εἴρηται, τῶν ποταμῶν ἐπωνυμίαν. Ὁ δὲ τόπος, ἐν ᾧ πρότερον οἱ Τοῦρκοι ὑπῆρχον, ὀνομάζεται κατὰ τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν τοῦ ἐκεῖσε διερχομένου ποταμοῦ Ἐτὲλ καὶ Κουζοῦ, ἐν ᾧ ἀρτίως οἱ Πατζινακῖται κατοικοῦσιν. Οἱ δὲ Τοῦρκοι παρὰ τῶν Πατζινακιτῶν διωχθέντες ἦλθον καὶ κατεσκήνωσαν εἰς τὴν γῆν, εἰς ἣν νῦν οἰκοῦσιν. Ἐν αὐτῷ δὲ τῷ τόπῳ παλαιά τινα ἔστιν γνωρίσματα· καὶ πρῶτον μέν ἐστιν ἡ τοῦ βασιλέως Τραϊανοῦ γέφυρα κατὰ τὴν τῆς Τουρκίας ἀρχήν, ἔπειτα καὶ ἡ Βελέγραδα ἀπὸ τριῶν ἡμερῶν τῆς αὐτῆς γεφύρας, ἐν ᾗ καὶ ὁ πύργος ἐστὶν τοῦ ἁγίου καὶ μεγάλου Κωνσταντίνου, τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ πάλιν κατὰ τὴν τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἀναδρομήν ἐστιν τὸ Σέρμιον ἐκεῖνο λεγόμενον, ἀπὸ τῆς Βελεγράδας ὁδὸν ἔχον ἡμερῶν δύο, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐκεῖσε ἡ μεγάλη Μοραβία, ἡ ἀβάπτιστος, ἣν καὶ ἐξήλειψαν οἱ Τοῦρκοι, ἧς ἦρχε τὸ πρότερον ὁ Σφενδοπλόκος. Ταῦτα μὲν τὰ κατὰ τὸν Ἴστρον ποταμὸν γνωρίσματά τε καὶ ἐπωνυμίαι, τὰ δὲ ἀνώτερα τούτων, ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἡ πᾶσα τῆς Τουρκίας κατασκήνωσις, ἀρτίως ἐπονομάζουσιν κατὰ τὰς {τοῦ} τῶν ἐκεῖσε ῥεόντων ποταμῶν ἐπωνυμίας. Οἱ δὲ ποταμοί εἰσιν οὗτοι· ποταμὸς πρῶτος ὁ Τιμήσης, ποταμὸς δεύτερος ὁ Τούτης, ποταμὸς τρίτος ὁ Μορήσης, ποταμὸς τέταρτος ὁ Κρίσος, καὶ πάλιν ἕτερος ποταμὸς ἡ Τίτζα. Πλησιάζουσι δὲ τοῖς Τούρκοις πρὸς μὲν τὸ ἀνατολικὸν μέρος οἱ Βούλγαροι, ἐν ᾧ καὶ διαχωρίζει αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἴστρος, ὁ καὶ ∆ανούβιος λεγόμενος ποταμός, πρὸς δὲ τὸ βόρειον οἱ Πατζινακῖται, πρὸς δὲ τὸ δυτικώτερον οἱ Φράγγοι, πρὸς δὲ τὸ μεσημβρινὸν οἱ Χρωβάτοι. Αἱ δὲ ὀκτὼ γενεαὶ τῶν Τούρκων αὗται πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους ἄρχοντας οὐχ ὑπείκουσιν, ἀλλ' ὁμόνοιαν ἔχουσιν εἰς τοὺς ποταμούς, εἰς οἷον μέρος προβάλλει πόλεμος, συναγωνίζεσθαι μετὰ πάσης φροντίδος τε καὶ σπουδῆς. Ἔχουσι δὲ κεφαλὴν πρώτην τὸν ἄρχοντα ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς τοῦ Ἀρπαδῆ κατὰ ἀκολουθίαν καὶ δύο ἑτέρους, τόν τε γυλᾶν καὶ τὸν καρχᾶν, οἵτινες ἔχουσι τάξιν κριτοῦ· ἔχει δὲ ἑκάστη γενεὰ ἄρχοντα. Ἰστέον, ὅτι ὁ γυλᾶς καὶ ὁ καρχᾶς οὐκ εἰσὶ κύρια ὀνόματα, ἀλλὰ ἀξιώματα. Ἰστέον, ὅτι ὁ Ἀρπαδής, ὁ μέγας Τουρκίας ἄρχων, ἐποίησεν τέσσαρας υἱούς· πρῶτον τὸν Ταρκατζοῦν, δεύτερον τὸν Ἰέλεχ, τρίτον τὸν Ἰουτοτζᾶν, τέταρτον τὸν Ζαλτᾶν. Ἰστέον, ὅτι ὁ πρῶτος υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀρπαδῆ, ὁ Ταρκατζοῦς ἐποίησεν υἱὸν τὸν Τεβέλη, ὁ δὲ δεύτερος υἱός, ὁ Ἰέλεχ ἐποίησεν υἱὸν τὸν Ἐζέλεχ, ὁ δὲ τρίτος υἱός, ὁ