A word participating in the property of verbs and of nouns. What does it participate in of the noun and of the verb? Of the noun, genders and cases; of the verb, voices, tenses, and conjugations. What is the theme? I dwell. From where does it come? From the preposition *kata* and *oikō*, I dwell; this from *oikos*; this from *eikō*, I withdraw, into which we all withdraw. How many things does *eikō* mean? 5: *eikō*, I make like, from which also *eikōn*, the likeness; *eikō*, I withdraw, from which also *oikos*; *eikō*, I am fitting, from which also the middle perfect *eika* has come to be, and in contraction, *eika*, and with the addition of O, *eoika*; *eikō*, I submit, from which also in composition *hypeikō*, as it were the one yielding and the one submitting; and it means periphrastically from that which follows, "I wish," for wishing follows those who obey; for "having yielded to anger" means nothing other than "having wished"; from which also, by dropping the I, the participle *hekōn* (willing) comes to be. There is also another *hēkō*, meaning I come, which in the active voice among the iambic writers and prose writers is written with an H (eta), but in the passive with an I (iota), for example *aphigmai*, *aphigmenos*; but among the poets always with an I (iota), for example "and my fame reaches heaven." From *eikō*, then, meaning "I withdraw," comes *oikos*, and with the preposition *kata*, *katoikos*. Why does it move the accent back? Nouns in -OS in composition move the accent back, *kakos akakos*, *semnos* 78 *asemnos*, *terpnos aterpnos*, *Rhōmaikos polyrhōmaikos*, thus then also *oikos* and *katoikos*, except for those taken from an ethnicity, (for those in composition keep the accent, for example *Achaios philachaios*, *Boiōtos*,) and except for *kleitos agakleitos*, and except for *iatros archiatros*, and unless the active meaning is kept for some significance, as *loigos brotoloigos*; for *brotoloigos* is he who destroys mortals; for this reason the accent was also kept. For proparoxytones delight in becoming dull into a passive sense, for example, *lithobolos*, he who is struck by stones; but being paroxytone it signifies an active sense, for example, *lithobolos*, he who throws stones; and again *karatomos* is said of him whose head has been cut off; but *karatomos* is he who cut the head, for example the Gorgon is called *karatomos*, she whose head was cut off, but Perseus is *karatomos* as the one who cut the Gorgon's head. From *katoikos* comes *katoikō*, of the first conjugation of the contract verbs, and the participle, *ho katoikōn*. And why was the participle invented? Because the noun signifies substance, for example man, horse, but the verb action, for example I strike, I write. The verbs, then, since they are indeed actions, wish to be with the substances or the nouns, and since, when the noun is declined, the verbs cannot be declined with them, not having cases—for they are nominative, for example, "Socrates writes," but we do not say "of Socrates writes," unless "a friend of Socrates writes," for this reason the participle was invented, so that the noun might be declined with the verb, and it might fill up what is lacking of the verb. And we say, "Socrates writes," "of Socrates writing," "to Socrates writing," "Socrates writing" (acc.), "O Socrates writing," and the rest. How many things does *eoike* mean? Three: it is like, as in "truly indeed in all things from behind he is like Machaon"; it is fitting, as in "this is something fitting, not unseemly"; it seems, as in "quickly, as it seems, the change of mind." 79 *OURANOS* from *horō*, I see, that which is seen by all, or from *ourō*, I guard, that which encompasses all things, from which also *ouros*, the guardian. With a smooth breathing on the OU, why? The diphthong OU in words of more than one syllable has a smooth breathing; *ouranos*, *oulē*, *ourō*, *outō*. The pronoun *houtos* has a rough breathing, and the adverb *houtōs*. The RA is short, why? Words ending in -ANOS, if they are more than two syllables, shorten the A, for example *stephanos*, *geranos*, *ouranos*, unless they are lengthened poetically; but if they are more than three syllables, they lengthen the A, for example *Hērōdianos*, *Ioustinianos*, except for *Ōkeanos*. Why is it oxytone? Words ending in -NOS of more than two syllables having a shortened A before the end are proparoxytone, unless

Λέξις μετέχουσα τῆς τῶν ῥημάτων καὶ τῆς τῶν ο᾿νομάτων ι᾿διότητος. Τί μετέχει τοῦ ὀνόματος καὶ τοῦ ῥήματος; Τοῦ μὲν ο᾿νο´ ματος, γένη καὶ πτώσεις· τοῦ δὲ ῥήματος, διαθέσεις, χρόνους, καὶ συζυγίας. Τὸ θέμα πῶς ε᾿στι; Κατοικῶ. Πόθεν γίνεται;Ἐκ τῆς κατὰ προθέσεως καὶ τοῦ οι᾿κω῀, κατοικῶ· τοῦτο ε᾿κ τοῦ οι᾿῀κος· τοῦτο ε᾿κ τοῦ ει᾿´κω τὸ ὑποχωρῶ, ει᾿ς ο῾`ν πάντες ὑποχωροῦμεν. Τὸ ει᾿´κω πόσα σημαίνει; εʹ· ει᾿´κω τὸ ὁμοιῶ, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ ει᾿κω`ν τὸ ὁμοίωμα· ει᾿´κω τὸ ὑποχωρῶ, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ οι᾿῀κος· ει᾿´κω τὸ πρέπω, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ ὁ μέσος παρακείμενος ει᾿῀κα γέγονε, καὶ ἐν συναιρέσει, ε᾿´ι¨κα, καὶ ἐν ὑπερθέσει τοῦ Ο ε᾿´οικα· ει᾿´κω τὸ ὑποτάττομαι, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ ἐν συνθέσει ὑπείκω, οἱονεὶ ὁ ὑπείκων καὶ ὁ ὑποταττόμενος· σημαίνει δὲ κατὰ περίφρασιν ε᾿κ τοῦ παρεπομένου τὸ θέλω, παρέπεται γὰρ τοῖς ὑπακούουσι τὸ θέλειν· τὸ γὰρ ει᾿´ξας τῷ θυμῷ ου᾿δε`ν ε῾´τερον σημαίνει, ει᾿ μὴ τὸ θελήσας· ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ γίνεται κατ' α᾿ποβολὴν τοῦ Ι ἡ ἑκὼν μετοχή.Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ε῾´τερον η῾´κω τὸ ε᾿´ρχομαι, ω῾´σπερ (ο῾´περ) ε᾿πι` μὲν τῶν ε᾿νεργητικῶν παρὰ τοῖς ι᾿αμβολόγοις καὶ τοῖς πεζολόγοις διὰ τοῦ Η γράφεται, ε᾿πι` δὲ τῶν παθητικῶν διὰ τοῦ Ι, οι῾῀ον α᾿φι´γμαι, α᾿φιγμένος· παρὰ δὲ τοῖς ποιηταῖς πάντοτε διὰ τοῦ Ι, οι῾῀ον καί μευ κλέος ου᾿ρανὸν ι῾´κει. Ἐκ τοῦ ει᾿´κω ου᾿῀ν τὸ ὑποχωρῶ γίνεται οι᾿῀κος, καὶ μετὰ τῆς κατὰ προθέσεως κάτοικος. ∆ιατί ἀναβιβάζει τὸν τόνον; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΟΣ ο᾿νο´ματα ε᾿ν τῇ συνθέσει α᾿ναβιβάζουσι τὸν τόνον, κακὸς α᾿´κακος, σεμνὸς 78 α᾿´σεμνος, τερπνὸς α᾿´τερπνος,Ῥωμαι¨κο`ς πολυρωμαΐκος, ου῾´τως ου᾿῀ν καὶ οι᾿῀κος καὶ κάτοικος, χωρὶς τῶν ε᾿πι` ε᾿´θνους λαμβανο μένων, (ε᾿κεῖνα γὰρ ε᾿ν τῇ συνθέσει φυλάσσει τὸν τόνον, οι῾῀ονἈχαιὸς φιλαχαιὸς, Βοιωτὸς,) καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ κλειτὸς α᾿γακλειτὸς, καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ ἰατρὸς α᾿ρχιατρὸς, καὶ χωρὶς ει᾿ μὴ διὰ σημασίαν τινὰ φυλαχθῇ ἡ ἐνέργεια, ὡς τὸ λοιγὸς βροτολοιγός· βροτολογικὸς(οιγὸς) δέ ἐστιν ὁ τοὺς βροτοὺς φθείρων· τούτου χάριν καὶ ὁ τόνος ε᾿φυλάχθη. Τὰ γὰρ προ παροξύτονα χαίρουσιν α᾿μβλύνεσθαι ει᾿ς πάθος, οι῾῀ον, λιθό βολος, ὁ λίθοις βαλλόμενος· παροξυνόμενα δὲ σημαίνει ε᾿νε´ρ γειαν, οι῾῀ον, λιθοβόλος, ὁ λίθοις βάλλων· καὶ πάλιν καρά τομος λέγεται ὁ ἀποτμηθεὶς τὴν κεφαλήν· καρατόμος δὲ ὁ τεμὼν τὴν κεφαλὴν, οι῾῀ον ἡ μὲν Γοργὼ λέγεται καράτομος, ἡ α᾿ποτμηθεῖσα τὴν κάραν, ὁ δὲ Περσεὺς καρατόμος ὡς τῆς Γοργοῦς τὴν κάραν τεμών.Ἐκ τοῦ κάτοικος γίνεται κατοικῶ, συζυγίας πρώτης τῶν περισπωμένων, καὶ ἡ μετοχὴ, ὁ κατοικῶν. Καὶ διατί ἐπενοήθη ἡ μετοχή; ∆ιότι τὸ μὲν ο᾿´νομα ου᾿σι´αν σημαίνει, οι῾῀ον α᾿´νθρωπος, ι῾´ππος, τὸ δὲ ῥῆμα πρᾶγμα, οι῾῀ον τύπτω, γράφω. Τὰ ου᾿῀ν ῥήματα, α῾´τε δὴ πράγματα ο᾿´ντα, θέλουσι συνεῖναι ταῖς ου᾿σι´αις η᾿` τοῖς ο᾿νο´μασι, καὶ ἐπειδὴ κλι νομένου τοῦ ὀνόματος τὰ ῥήματα ου᾿ δύνανται συγκλίνεσθαι αυ᾿τοῖς μὴ ε᾿´χοντα πτώσεις, ευ᾿θείας γάρ ει᾿σι, οι῾῀ον, Σωκράτης γράφει, Σωκράτους δὲ γράφει ου᾿ λέγομεν, ει᾿ μὴ Σωκράτους φίλος γράφει, τούτου χάριν ε᾿πενοήθη ἡ μετοχὴ, ι῾´να συγ κλιθῇ τὸ ο᾿´νομα μετὰ τοῦ ῥήματος, καὶ τὸ λεῖπον τοῦ ῥήματος α᾿ναπληρώσῃ(θῃ). Καὶ λέγομεν, Σωκράτης γράφει, Σωκράτους γράφοντος, Σωκράτει γράφοντι, Σωκράτην γρά φοντα, Σώκρατες γράφων, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. Τὸ ε᾿´οικε πόσα σημαίνει; Τρία· τὸ ὁμοιῶ, ὡς τὸ η᾿´ τοι μὲν τά γ' ο᾿´πισθε Μαχάονι πάντα ε᾿´οικε· τὸ πρέπω, ὡς τὸ ε᾿´οικέ τι ου᾿´τοι α᾿εικές· τὸ φαίνεται, ὡς τὸ τάχα ὡς ε᾿´οικεν ἡ τῶν φρενῶν ε᾿ναλλαγή. 79 Ὁ ΟΥ᾿ΡΑΝῸΣ παρὰ τὸ ὁρῶ τὸ βλέπω, ὁ πᾶσιν ὁρώμενος, η᾿` παρὰ τὸ ου᾿ρω῀ τὸ φυλάσσω, ὁ πάντα περιέπων, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ ου᾿῀ρος ὁ φύλαξ. Ει᾿ς τὸ ΟΥ ψιλὸν, διατί;Ἡ ΟΥ δίφθογγος ε᾿ν ταῖς ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν λέξεσι ψιλοῦται· ου᾿ρανὸς, ου᾿λη`, ου᾿ρω῀, ου᾿τω῀.Ἡ ου῾῀τος α᾿ντωνυμία δασύνεται, καὶ τὸ ου῾´τως ε᾿πι´ρρημα. Τὸ ΡΑ βραχὺ, διατί; Τὰ διὰ τοῦ ΑΝΟΣ, ει᾿ μέν ει᾿σιν ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς, συστέλλει τὸ Α, οι῾῀ον στέφανος, γέρανος, ου᾿ρανὸς, ει᾿ μὴ ποιητικῶς ε᾿κτείνονται· ει᾿ δέ ει᾿σιν ὑπὲρ τρεῖς συλλαβὰς, ε᾿κτείνουσι τὸ Α, οι῾῀ονἩρωδιανὸς, Ἰουστινιανὸς, πλὴν τοῦὨκεανός. ∆ιατί ὀξύνεται; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΝΟΣ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς ε᾿´χοντα πρὸ τέλους τὸ Α συνεσταλμένον προπαροξύνεται, ει᾿ μὴ