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your forehead is of brass, that is, shameless. So indeed it is often our custom to call those who do not know how to blush, 'brazen-faced'. And I have announced to you, he says, what things are about to come upon you, before they happened, and I have made them audible to you. Then, stating the reason for the prophecy, he added: Lest you should ever say, 'My idols did it for me, and my graven and molten images commanded it for me.' And again, since some, being contentious and boastful, and after the event were shameless as if they had not heard it beforehand, the prophets not only foretold the future, but also took witnesses of what was happening. So indeed again the same Isaiah says: Make me faithful men as witnesses, Uriah the priest, and Zechariah the son of Barachias. And not only this, but also having written the prophecy on a new roll, he put it away, so that after the event the writings themselves might bear witness against them, that it was foretold to them from the beginning and long before. For this reason he does not simply write on a roll, but on a new roll, one that is able to last for a long time and not be easily destroyed, but to await the outcome of the things written in it. And that this is true, and that God announced beforehand to them all things that were to come, I will make the proof not only from here, but also from the very good and evil things that befell them.

5. For the Jews endured three most difficult servitudes, and He brought none upon them without prediction, but God arranged for all of them to be foretold to them, foretelling with accuracy the place, and the time, and the person, and the form of affliction, and the return, and all the other things. And I will speak of the first prediction, the one in Egypt. For speaking with Abraham, he says something like this: Know for certain that your seed shall be a sojourner in a land that is not theirs; and they shall enslave them, and afflict them for four hundred years. But the nation, whom they shall serve, I will judge, said God. But in the fourth generation they shall return here with great substance. Do you see how he stated the number of years: four hundred years; the manner of the servitude, that they would not simply enslave them, but also afflict them. Listen, then, to how Moses after this explains the affliction: The straw is not given to your servants, he says, and they tell us to make the bricks. And they were scourged every day, so that you might learn what is meant by, They will enslave and afflict, and, The nation whom they shall serve, I will judge; speaking of the drowning of the Egyptians in the Red Sea, which Moses, writing in his odes, thus said: Horse and rider he has thrown into the sea. Then also the manner of the return, that they will come out from here with great substance. Ask, he says, each one of his neighbor and fellow lodger for articles of gold and silver. For since they had served for a long time and had not received their wages, God arranged that it should be demanded of them against their will. And the prophet cries out, saying: And he brought them out with silver 48.891 and gold, and there was not one feeble person among their tribes. This one servitude, then, was foretold with all accuracy; come, let us now turn our discourse to another. Which one, then? The one in Babylon. For this one also Jeremiah announced beforehand with accuracy, saying thus: Thus said the Lord: When seventy years are about to be fulfilled for Babylon, I will visit you, and I will establish my good words for you, to bring you back to this place; and I will turn back your captivity, and I will gather you from all the nations, and from all the places where I have scattered you there, says the Lord, and I will bring you back to the place from where I caused you to be carried away. Do you see how here again he also stated the city, and the number of years, and from where he is about to gather them, and to where to gather them? For this reason Daniel did not offer supplication for them before, but when he saw that the seventy years were fulfilled. And who says these things? Daniel himself

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μέτωπόν σου χαλκοῦν, τουτέστιν ἀναίσχυντον. Οὕτω γοῦν καὶ ἡμῖν ἔθος πολλάκις, τοὺς ἐρυθριᾷν μὴ εἰδότας χαλκοπροσώπους καλεῖν. Καὶ ἀνήγγειλά σοι, φησὶν ἃ μέλλει ἐπὶ σὲ ἔρχεσθαι, πρὶν ἢ γενέσθαι, καὶ ἀκουστά σοι ἐποίησα. Εἶτα τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς προῤῥήσεως λέγων, ἐπήγαγεν· Μήποτε εἴπῃς, ὅτι Τὰ εἴδωλά μοι ἐποίησε, καὶ τὰ γλυπτὰ καὶ τὰ φωνευτά μοι ἐνετείλατο. Καὶ πάλιν ἐπειδὴ φιλόνεικοί τινες ὄντες καὶ ἀλαζόνες, καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἔκβασιν ἠναισχύντουν ὡς μὴ προακηκοότες, οὐ προὔλεγον οἱ προφῆται τὰ ἐσόμενα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ μάρτυρας ἐλάμβανον τῶν γινομένων. Οὕτω γοῦν πάλιν ὁ αὐτὸς Ἡσαΐας φησί· Μάρτυράς μοι ποίησον πιστοὺς ἀνθρώπους, τὸν Οὐρίαν τὸν ἱερέα, καὶ τὸν Ζαχαρίαν τὸν υἱὸν Βαραχίου. Καὶ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τόμῳ καινῷ τὴν προφητείαν γράψας ἀπέθετο, ἵνα μετὰ τὴν ἔκβασιν αὐτὰ αὐτῶν καταμαρτυρῇ τὰ γράμματα, ὅτι ἄνωθεν αὐτοῖς καὶ πρὸ πολλοῦ τοῦ χρόνου προηγόρευται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς ἐν τόμῳ γράφει, ἀλλ' ἐν τόμῳ καινῷ, δυναμένῳ πρὸς τὸ μῆκος ἀρκέσαι τοῦ χρόνου καὶ μὴ διαφθαρῆναι ῥᾳδίως, ἀλλ' ἀναμεῖναι τὴν ἔκβασιν τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ γεγραμμένων πραγμάτων. Καὶ ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστιν ἀληθὲς, καὶ πάντα αὐτοῖς προανεφώνει τὰ μέλλοντα ἔσεσθαι ὁ Θεὸς, οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν συμβάντων αὐτοῖς κακῶν τε καὶ ἀγαθῶν ποιήσομαι τὴν ἀπόδειξιν.

εʹ. Τρεῖς γοῦν δουλείας ὑπέμειναν χαλεπωτάτας οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, καὶ οὐδεμίαν χωρὶς προῤῥήσεως αὐτοῖς ἐπήγαγεν, ἀλλὰ πάσας αὐτοῖς προλεχθῆναι παρεσκεύασεν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ τόπον, καὶ χρόνον, καὶ πρόσωπον, καὶ εἶδος κακώσεως, καὶ τὴν ἐπάνοδον, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα μετὰ ἀκριβείας προλέγων. Καὶ τὴν πρώτην πρόῤῥησιν ἐρῶ τὴν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ. Πρὸς γοῦν τὸν Ἀβραὰμ διαλεγόμενος, οὕτω πώς φησι· Γινώσκων γνώσῃ. ὅτι πάροικον ἔσται τὸ σπέρμα σου ἐν γῇ οὐκ ἰδίᾳ· καὶ δουλώσουσιν αὐτὸ, καὶ κακώσουσιν ἔτη τετρακόσια. Τὸ δὲ ἔθνος, ᾧ ἐὰν δουλεύσωσι, κρινῶ ἐγὼ, εἶπεν ὁ Θεός. Τετάρτῃ δὲ γενεᾷ ἐπανελεύσονται ὧδε μετὰ ἀποσκευῆς πολλῆς. Εἶδες πῶς τὸν ἀριθμὸν εἶπε τῶν ἐτῶν· τετρακόσια ἔτη· τὸν τρόπον τῆς δουλείας, ὅτι οὐχ ἁπλῶς δουλώσουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ κακώσουσιν. Ἄκουε γοῦν πῶς μετὰ ταῦτα ἐξηγεῖται ὁ Μωϋσῆς τὴν κάκωσιν· Τὰ ἄχυρα οὐ δίδοται τοῖς οἰκέταις σου, φησὶ, καὶ λέγουσιν ἡμῖν τὴν πλινθουργίαν ποιεῖν. Καὶ ἐμαστιγοῦντο καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, ἵνα μάθῃς, τί ἔστι τὸ, ∆ουλώσουσι καὶ κακώσουσι, καὶ, Τὸ ἔθνος ᾧ ἐὰν δουλεύσωσι, κρινῶ ἐγώ· τὸν καταποντισμὸν τῶν Αἰγυπτίων λέγων, τὸν διὰ τῆς Ἐρυθρᾶς θαλάσσης, ὃν ἐν ταῖς ᾠδαῖς Μωϋσῆς ἀναγράφων οὕτως ἔλεγεν· Ἵππον καὶ ἀναβάτην ἔῤῥιψεν εἰς θάλασσαν. Εἶτα καὶ τὸν τρόπον τῆς ἐπανόδου, ὅτι ἐξελεύσονται ὧδε μετὰ ἀποσκευῆς πολλῆς. Χρήσασθε, φησὶν, ἕκαστος παρὰ τοῦ γείτονος αὐτοῦ καὶ συσκήνου σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολὺν ἐδούλευσαν χρόνον, καὶ τὸν μισθὸν οὐκ ἀπέλαβον, ἄκοντας αὐτοὺς ἀπαιτηθῆναι παρεσκεύασεν ὁ Θεός. Καὶ βοᾷ ὁ προφήτης, λέγων· Καὶ ἐξήγαγεν αὐτοὺς ἐν ἀργυρίῳ 48.891 καὶ χρυσίῳ, καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἐν ταῖς φυλαῖς αὐτῶν ὁ ἀσθενῶν. Μία μὲν αὕτη δουλεία μετὰ ἀκριβείας πάσης προδιηγόρευται· φέρε δὴ καὶ ἐφ' ἑτέραν τὸν λόγον ἀγάγωμεν. Ποίαν δή; Τὴν ἐν Βαβυλῶνι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ταύτην μετὰ ἀκριβείας προανεφώνησεν ὁ Ἱερεμίας, οὕτως εἰπών· Οὕτως εἶπε Κύριος· ὅταν μέλλῃ πληροῦσθαι τῇ Βαβυλῶνι ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη, ἐπισκέψομαι ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἐπιστήσω ἐφ' ὑμᾶς τοὺς λόγους μου τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς, τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον· καὶ ἐπιστρέψω τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν ὑμῶν, καὶ ἀθροίσω ὑμᾶς ἐκ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν, καὶ ἐκ πάντων τῶν τόπων, οὗ διέσπειρα ὑμᾶς ἐκεῖ, φησὶ Κύριος, καὶ ἐπιστρέψω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὸν τόπον, ὅθεν ἀπῴκισα ὑμᾶς ἐκεῖθεν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν καὶ τὴν πόλιν εἶπεν, καὶ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν ἐτῶν, καὶ πόθεν αὐτοὺς μέλλει συνάγειν, καὶ ποῦ συνάγειν; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ ∆ανιὴλ οὐ πρότερον ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν τὴν ἱκετηρίαν ἔθηκεν, ἀλλ' ὅτε εἶδε πληρωθέντα τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη. Καὶ τίς ταῦτά φησιν; Αὐτὸς ὁ ∆ανιὴλ