Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus

But it was, as the prophets also predicted, from a virgin that there was to be born, according to the promised sign, one who was to give His name to the fact, showing that at His birth God was to be with man. Now it seems to me appropriate to the character of a Jew to have quoted the prophecy of Isaiah, which says that Immanuel was to be born of a virgin. This, however, Celsus, who professes to know everything, has not done, either from ignorance or from an unwillingness (if he had read it and voluntarily passed it by in silence) to furnish an argument which might defeat his purpose. And the prediction runs thus: “And the Lord spake again unto Ahaz, saying, Ask thee a sign of the Lord thy God; ask it either in the depth or in the height above. But Ahaz said, I will not ask, neither will I tempt the Lord. And he said, Hear ye now, O house of David; is it a small thing for you to weary men, but will ye weary my God also? Therefore the Lord Himself shall give you a sign. Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call His name Immanuel, which is, being interpreted, God with us.”56 Cf. Isa. vii. 10–14 with Matt. i. 23. And that it was from intentional malice that Celsus did not quote this prophecy, is clear to me from this, that although he makes numerous quotations from the Gospel according to Matthew, as of the star that appeared at the birth of Christ, and other miraculous occurrences, he has made no mention at all of this. Now, if a Jew should split words, and say that the words are not, “Lo, a virgin,” but, “Lo, a young woman,”57 νεᾶνις. we reply that the word “Olmah”—which the Septuagint have rendered by “a virgin,” and others by “a young woman”—occurs, as they say, in Deuteronomy, as applied to a “virgin,” in the following connection: “If a damsel that is a virgin be betrothed unto an husband, and a man find her in the city, and lie with her; then ye shall bring them both out unto the gate of that city, and ye shall stone them with stones that they die; the damsel,58 νεᾶνιν. because she cried not, being in the city; and the man, because he humbled his neighbour’s wife.”59 Cf. Deut. xxii. 23, 24. And again: “But if a man find a betrothed damsel in a field, and the man force her, and lie with her: then the man only that lay with her shall die: but unto the damsel60 τῇ νεάνιδι. ye shall do nothing; there is in her no sin worthy of death.”

Καὶ οἰκεῖόν γε φαίνεταί μοι πρὸς τὴν τοῦ Ἰουδαίου προσωποποιΐαν παραθέσθαι τὴν τοῦ Ἡσαΐου προφητείαν, λέγουσαν ἐκ παρθένου τεχθήσεσθαι τὸν Ἐμμανουήλ· ἣν οὐκ ἐξέθετο, εἴτ' ἐπεὶ μὴ ἐπίστατο ὁ πάντ' ἐπαγγελλόμενος εἰδέναι Κέλσος εἴτ' ἀναγνοὺς μὲν ἑκὼν δὲ σιωπήσας, ἵνα μὴ δοκοίη κατασκευάζειν ἄκων τὸν λόγον ἐναντιούμενον αὐτοῦ τῇ προαιρέσει. Ἔχει δ' οὕτως ἡ λέξις· "Καὶ προσέθετο κύριος τῷ Ἄχαζ λέγων· Αἴτησαι σεαυτῷ σημεῖον παρὰ κυρίου θεοῦ σου εἰς βάθος ἢ εἰς ὕψος. Καὶ εἶπεν Ἄχαζ· Οὐ μὴ αἰτήσω οὐδὲ μὴ πειράσω τὸν κύριον. Ἀκούσατε δή, οἶκος ∆αυίδ, μὴ μικρὸν ὑμῖν ἀγῶνα παρέχειν ἀνθρώποις, καὶ πῶς κυρίῳ παρέχετε ἀγῶνα; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο δώσει κύριος αὐτὸς ὑμῖν σημεῖον· ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὶ λήψεται καὶ τέξεται υἱόν, καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ", ὅπερ ἑρμηνεύεται "μεθ' ἡμῶν ὁ θεός." Ὅτι δὲ κακουρ γῶν ὁ Κέλσος οὐκ ἐξέθετο τὴν προφητείαν, δῆλόν μοι γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ παραθέμενον αὐτὸν πολλὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ κατὰ Ματθαῖον εὐαγγελίου, ὥσπερ τὸν ἀνατείλαντα ἀστέρα ἐπὶ τῇ γενέσει τοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ ἄλλα τῶν παραδόξων, μηδὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν τούτου ἐμνημονευκέναι. Ἐὰν δὲ Ἰουδαῖος εὑρεσιλογῶν τὸ "Ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος" μὴ γεγράφθαι λέγῃ ἀλλ' ἀντ' αὐτοῦ "Ἰδοὺ ἡ νεᾶνις", φήσομεν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὅτι ἡ μὲν λέξις ἡ ἀαλμά, ἣν οἱ μὲν ἑβδομήκοντα μετειλήφασιν εἰς τὴν παρθένον ἄλλοι δ' εἰς τὴν νεᾶνιν, κεῖται, ὥς φασι, καὶ ἐν τῷ ∆ευτερονομίῳ ἐπὶ παρθένου, οὕτως ἔχουσα· "Ἐὰν δὲ γένηται παῖς παρθένος μεμνηστευμένη ἀνδρί, καὶ εὑρὼν αὐτὴν ἄνθρωπος ἐν πόλει κοιμηθῇ μετ' αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐξάξετε ἀμφοτέρους ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην τῆς πόλεως αὐτῶν, καὶ λιθοβο ληθήσονται λίθοις, καὶ ἀποθανοῦνται· τὴν νεᾶνιν ἐπὶ λόγου, διότι οὐκ ἐβόησεν ἐν τῇ πόλει, καὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐπὶ λόγου, διότι ἐταπείνωσε τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον αὐτοῦ"· καὶ ἑξῆς· "Ἐὰν δὲ ἐν πεδίῳ εὕρῃ ἄνθρωπος τὴν παῖδα τὴν μεμνηστευμένην καὶ βιασάμενος αὐτὴν ὁ ἄνθρωπος κοιμηθῇ μετ' αὐτῆς, ἀποκτενεῖτε τὸν ἄνθρωπον τὸν κοιμώμενον μετ' αὐτῆς μόνον, καὶ τῇ νεάνιδι οὐ ποιήσετε οὐδέν· οὐκ ἔστι τῇ νεάνιδι ἁμάρτημα θανάτου."