HORTATORY ADDRESS TO THE GREEKS BY SAINT JUSTIN, PHILOSOPHER AND MARTYR.

 Alas, with my own eyes I see a dear man pursued around the wall and my heart grieves for him. And what he says about the other gods conspiring agains

 Artemis the archer, sister of the far-shooter. And against Leto stood the strong, helpful Hermes. These and such things Homer taught you about the god

 ...s of you you say have become of piety, some declaring water to be the beginning of all things, others air, others fire, others some other of the af

 Of all of them who had spoken, Thales, the eldest of them all, says that the principle of existing things is water for he says that all things are fr

 having denied it, later says in his conceptions that it is this very thing. Moreover, having formerly declared that everything that has come into bein

 having established for I do not attempt to prove these things from the divine histories among us alone, which you are not yet willing to believe beca

 to organize affairs in Egypt, but also to establish the warrior class with laws. And fourth, they say that Bocchoris the king became a lawgiver, a wis

 it happened that there were once God-fearing men, as you say the oracle declared: Only the Chaldeans obtained wisdom, and also the Hebrews, purely rev

 of wise men or orators, should one wish to make mention, he will find that they have written their own compositions in the letters of the Greeks. But

 it is fitting that it should appear clearly and manifestly. It is necessary, therefore, for you, O men of Greece, foreseeing the things to come and lo

 And in the Oracles it is thus: I adjure you, Heaven, the wise work of the great God, I adjure you, Voice of the Father, which He first uttered, When H

 the poem to fall from its meter, lest he should seem not to have first mentioned the name of the gods. But a little later he sets forth clearly and pl

 he should cause Meletus to be against himself, accusing him before the Athenians and saying: Plato does wrong and is a busybody, not believing in the

 that only disobedience was cast out, but not knowing that they were also persuaded that non-existent gods existed, they passed on the name of the gods

 light, constructs that which comes to be. But perhaps some, not wishing to abandon the doctrines of polytheism, will say that the demiurge himself sai

 having. For it does not seem to me that what was said by Phoenix was said simply: Not even if the god himself should promise me, scraping off old age,

 wishing to confirm what has been said of participation, Plato has written thus in these very words: God, then, as the old saying has it, holding the b

 having heard from one who had come back to life and was relating the things there, has written thus in his very words: For he said that he was present

 poetry, Diodorus, the most renowned of the historians, sufficiently teaches us. For he said that he, having been in Egypt, had learned that Nepenthes,

 to set up the battle-cry of much-lamented war They were eager to place Ossa upon Olympus, but upon Ossa Pelion with its shaking leaves, that heaven m

 and concerning the heaven that came into being that the created heaven, which he also named the firmament, this is the perceptible one that came into

 proclaimed by the name. For, fearing to call the gift of God Holy Spirit, lest he should seem to be an enemy of the Greeks by following the teaching

 supposed them to have the forms of men, you will find that they learned this also from the divine history. For since the history of Moses says, from t

 to you Socrates, the wisest of the wise, to whom even your oracle, as you yourselves say, testifies, saying: Of all men Socrates is the wisest, confes

 It will be easy for you to learn in part the true worship of God from the ancient Sibyl, who teaches you by oracles from some powerful inspiration, th

 it is clear that he said this about the oracle-givers, looking to the oracles of the Sibyl. For he spoke thus: When they succeed in saying many and gr

 Tatian's Address to the Greeks. Do not be so very hostile towards the barbarians, O men of Greece, nor be envious of their doctrines. For what pursuit

 very savagely, having imprisoned his own friend for not wanting to worship him, carried him around like a bear or a leopard. Indeed, he completely fol

 selecting places for their covetousness *** the prominent. But one ought not flatter the leaders with the prospect of kingship, but to wait until the

 I have chosen to order the unordered matter in you, and just as the Word, having been begotten in the beginning, in turn begot our creation for himsel

 not according to fate, but by the free will of those who choose, he foretold the outcomes of future events and he became a hinderer of wickedness thro

 with baubles of the earth he deceived the motherless and orphaned girl. Poseidon sails, Ares delights in wars, Apollo is a cithara player, Dionysus is

 of a kingdom, *** were turned into constellations by the shaping of letters? And how is Kronos, who was fettered and cast out of his kingdom, appointe

 of faith with glory become but the poor man and the most moderate, desiring the things that are his own, more easily gets by. Why, I ask, according to

 were zealous to be but the Lord of all allowed them to luxuriate until the world, having reached its end, should be dissolved, and the judge should a

 refusing a suffering god, they were shown to be fighters against God rather than God-fearing. You too are such men, O Greeks, talkative in words, but

 of the spirit But when the tabernacle is not of such a kind, man excels the beasts only in articulate speech, but in other respects his way of life i

 causes, when they happen, they ascribe to themselves, attacking whenever weariness overtakes them. But there are times when they themselves by a tempe

 For if it were so, much more would he ward off his own enemy from himself for being able to help others also, he will much more become his own avenge

 you? Therefore if you say that one ought not to fear death, sharing our doctrines, die not because of human vainglory, as Anaxarchus did, but for the

 Unable to explain those things, because of the impossibility of their theory, they have blamed the tides, and of the seas, one being weedy and the oth

 For what sort are your teachings? Who would not mock your public festivals, which, being celebrated under the pretext of wicked demons, turn men to di

 providing it, feeding it with the most ungodly bloodshed. For the robber kills for the sake of taking, but the rich man buys gladiators for the sake o

 dedications, and those who read are as with the jar of the Danaids. Why do you divide time for me, saying that one part of it is past, another present

 the conception which I have concerning all things, this I do not hide. Why do you advise me to deceive the state? Why, while saying to despise death,

 but again it will be dissolved, if we obey the word of God and do not scatter ourselves. For he has gained control of our possessions through a certai

 Archilochus flourished around the twenty-third Olympiad, in the time of Gyges the Lydian, five hundred years after the Trojan War. And concerning the

 the nonsense of affairs for the Greeks. For the pursuits of your customs are rather foolish through great glory and behave disgracefully through the w

 seeing the figures of the strife and of Eteocles, and not having thrown them into a pit with Pythagoras who made them, do you destroy along with them

 For what is difficult about men who have been shown to be ignorant being now refuted by a man of like passions? And what is strange, according to your

 maios. The time from Inachus until the capture of Ilium completes twenty generations and the proof is in this manner. The kings of the Argives were th

 our laws, and what the learned men among the Greeks have said, and how many and who they are who have mentioned them, will be shown in the treatise A

 God and what is the creation according to him, I present myself ready to you for the examination of the doctrines, while my way of life according to G

of the spirit; But when the tabernacle is not of such a kind, man excels the beasts only in articulate speech, but in other respects his way of life is the same as theirs, not being a likeness of God. But all demons do not possess flesh, but their composition is spiritual, as of fire and air. At any rate, the bodies of demons are clearly visible only to those guarded by the spirit of God, but not at all to the rest, I mean to the psychical. For the lesser is not able to apprehend the greater. For this reason, at any rate, the substance of demons has no place for repentance. For they are effulgences of matter and wickedness, and matter wished to dominate the soul; and according to their free will, some have delivered the laws of death to men; but men, after the loss of immortality, have conquered death by the death which is through faith, and a calling has been given to them through repentance according to the word that was spoken: "since they were made a little lower than the angels." But it is possible for everyone who has been conquered to conquer again, renouncing the constitution of death; and what this is, the immortal will be clear to men who wish it. But the demons who command men are not the souls of men. For how could they become effective even after death, unless a living man were to become foolish and powerless, but upon becoming dead, he were then believed to partake of a more effective power? But neither is this so, as we have shown in other places, and it is difficult to think that the immortal [soul], being hindered by the parts of the body, becomes more prudent when it migrates from it. For demons, raging against men with their own malevolence, with various and false theatrical displays, pervert their minds, which are inclined downward, so that they may be unable to be raised up to the journey in the heavens. But neither have the things in the world escaped our notice, and the divine [power] of the one who makes souls immortal *** having approached you will be easy for you to comprehend. But demons are also seen by the psychical, when they show themselves to those men, in order that they may be thought to be something, or that they may even harm them as enemies, being evil friends in their mind, or that they may provide to those like them the occasions for worship of themselves. For if it were possible for them, they would certainly have dragged down even the heaven along with the rest of creation; but now they do not do this at all, for they are unable; but with the matter below they war against the matter that is like them. But if anyone wishes to conquer these, let him renounce matter; for, armed with the breastplate of the heavenly spirit, he will be able to save everything contained by it. There are, therefore, also diseases and seditions of the matter in us; but demons themselves of these the

πνεύματος· τοιούτου δὲ μὴ ὄντος τοῦ σκηνώματος προὔχει τῶν θηρίων ὁ ἄνθρωπος κατὰ τὴν ἔναρθρον φωνὴν μόνον, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ τῆς αὐτῆς ἐκείνοις διαίτης ἐστίν, οὐκ ὢν ὁμοίωσις τοῦ θεοῦ. δαίμονες δὲ πάντες σαρκίον μὲν οὐ κέκτηνται, πνευμα τικὴ δέ ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ἡ σύμπηξις ὡς πυρὸς καὶ ἀέρος. μόνοις γοῦν τοῖς πνεύματι θεοῦ φρουρουμένοις εὐσύνοπτα καὶ τὰ τῶν δαιμόνων ἐστὶ σώματα, τοῖς λοιποῖς δὲ οὐδαμῶς, λέγω δὲ τοῖς ψυχικοῖς. τὸ γὰρ ἔλαττον κατάληψιν οὐκ ἰσχύει ποιεῖσθαι τοῦ κρείττονος. διὰ τοῦτο γοῦν ἡ τῶν δαιμόνων ὑπόστασις οὐκ ἔχει μετανοίας τόπον. τῆς γὰρ ὕλης καὶ πονηρίας εἰσὶν ἀπαυ γάσματα, ὕλη δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς κατεξουσιάζειν ἠθέλησεν· καὶ κατὰ τὸ αὐτεξούσιον οἱ μὲν θανάτου νόμους τοῖς ἀνθρώποις πα ραδεδώκασιν· οἱ δὲ ἄνθρωποι μετὰ τὴν τῆς ἀθανασίας ἀπο βολὴν θανάτῳ τῷ διὰ πίστεως τὸν θάνατον νενικήκασιν, καὶ διὰ μετανοίας κλῆσις αὐτοῖς δεδώρηται κατὰ τὸν εἰπόντα λόγον· ἐπειδὴ βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους ἠλαττώθησαν. δυνατὸν δὲ παντὶ τῷ νενικημένῳ πάλιν νικᾶν, τοῦ θανάτου τὴν σύστασιν παραιτούμενον· τίς δέ ἐστιν αὕτη, εὐσύνοπτον ἔσται τοῖς βου λομένοις ἀνθρώποις τὸ ἀθάνατον. ∆αίμονες δὲ οἱ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐπιτάττοντες οὔκ εἰσιν αἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ψυχαί. πῶς γὰρ ἂν γένοιντο δραστικαὶ καὶ μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν χωρὶς εἰ μὴ ζῶν μὲν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἀνόη τος καὶ ἀδύνατος γένοιτο, νεκρὸς δὲ γενόμενος λοιπὸν δραστι κωτέρας πιστεύοιτο μεταλαμβάνειν δυνάμεως; ἀλλ' οὔτε τοῦθ' οὕτως ἐστίν, ὡς ἐν ἄλλοις ἀπεδείξαμεν, καὶ χαλεπὸν οἴεσθαι τὴν ἀθάνατον ὑπὸ τῶν τοῦ σώματος μερῶν ἐμποδιζομένην φρονιμωτέραν, ἐπειδὰν ἀπ' αὐτοῦ μεταναστῇ, γίνεσθαι. δαί μονες γὰρ τῇ σφῶν κακοηθείᾳ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐμβακχεύοντες, ποικίλαις καὶ ἐψευσμέναις δραματουργίαις τὰς γνώμας αὐτῶν παρατρέπουσι κάτω νενευκυίας, ὅπως μεταρσιοῦσθαι πρὸς τὴν ἐν οὐρανοῖς πορείαν ἐξαδυνατῶσιν. ἀλλ' οὔτε ἡμᾶς τὰ ἐν κόσμῳ λέληθε, καὶ ὑμῖν εὐκατάληπτον ἔσται τὸ θεῖον τῆς ἀπαθανατιζούσης τὰς ψυχὰς *** ὑμῖν προσελθούσης. Βλέπονται δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ψυχικῶν οἱ δαίμονες, ἔσθ' ὅτε τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἑαυτοὺς ἐκείνων δεικνύντων, ἵνα τε νομισθῶσιν εἶναί τινες ἢ καί τι βλάψωσι καθάπερ πολεμίους, φίλοι κακοὶ τὴν γνώμην ὑπάρχοντες, ἢ τῆς εἰς αὐτοὺς θρησκείας τοῖς ὁμοίοις αὐτοῖς τὰς ἀφορμὰς παράσχωσιν. εἰ γὰρ δυνατὸν αὐτοῖς, πάν τως ἂν καὶ τὸν οὐρανὸν συνάμα τῇ λοιπῇ ποιήσει καθείλκυσαν· νῦν δὲ τοῦτο μὲν πράττουσιν οὐδαμῶς· ἀδυνατοῦσι γάρ· ὕλῃ δὲ τῇ κάτω πρὸς τὴν ὁμοίαν αὐτοῖς ὕλην πολεμοῦσιν. τούτους δὲ νικᾶν ἄν τις θελήσῃ, τὴν ὕλην παραιτησάσθω· θώρακι γὰρ πνεύματος ἐπουρανίου καθωπλισμένος πᾶν τὸ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ περιεχόμενον σῶσαι δυνατὸς ἔσται. εἰσὶν μὲν οὖν καὶ νόσοι καὶ στάσεις τῆς ἐν ἡμῖν ὕλης· δαίμονες δὲ αὐτοὶ τούτων τὰς