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they would rush in two or three times in a single hour. Necessity brought everything under their teeth, and they endured eating things 3.6.19 collected which were not even fit for the filthiest of irrational animals. Indeed, in the end they did not abstain from their belts and sandals, and tearing the hides from their shields they chewed them; and for some, scraps of old hay were food. For some, collecting the fibers, sold 3.6.20 for four Attic drachmas the smallest weight. And what need is there to speak of the famine's shamelessness toward inanimate things? For I am about to relate a deed of its doing such as has been recorded neither among Greeks nor among barbarians, dreadful to speak of, and incredible to hear. And I, lest I should seem to be telling monstrous tales to future generations, would have gladly passed over the calamity, if I did not have countless witnesses from my own time; and besides, I would be rendering a poor service to my country by softening the account 3.6.21 of the deeds which it suffered. A woman of those dwelling beyond the Jordan, Mary by name, daughter of Eleazar, of the village of Bathezor—which means ‘house of hyssop’—distinguished for her family and wealth, having fled to Jerusalem with the rest of the multitude, was besieged with them. 3.6.22 The tyrants plundered the rest of her property, all that she had packed up from Perea and brought into the city, and her bodyguards, rushing in daily, seized the remains of her valuables and whatever food might be found. Terrible indignation came upon the woman, and often reviling and cursing 3.6.23 the plunderers, she provoked them against herself. But when no one, either out of anger or pity, would kill her, and she grew weary of finding any food for others, and it was now impossible to find any from anywhere, and the famine was piercing her vitals and marrow, and her passions were inflamed more than the famine, taking rage as her counselor, along with necessity, she turned against nature, and seizing her child—she had an infant son at her breast—‘Wretched infant,’ she said, ‘in war and 3.6.24 famine and sedition, for whom do I keep you? Among the Romans is slavery, even if we should live to reach them; but famine anticipates slavery, and the rebels are crueler than both. Come, be food for me, an Erinys for the rebels, and a tale for the world, the only thing lacking 3.6.25 to the calamities of the Jews.’ And as she said these things, she killed her son, then roasted him, ate the one half, and covering up the rest, kept it. And immediately the rebels were there, and smelling the unholy savor, they threatened to cut her throat at once if she did not show them what she had prepared. But she, saying she had kept a fine portion for them, uncovered 3.6.26 the remains of her child. Horror and astonishment immediately seized them, and they stood frozen at the sight. But she said, ‘This child is truly my own, and the deed is mine. Eat, for I have eaten too. Do not be either more delicate than a woman, or more compassionate than a mother. But if you are pious and turn away from my sacrifice, I have already eaten for you, and let the rest remain for me.’ 3.6.27 After this they went out trembling, cowards before this one thing alone, and reluctantly left this food for the mother. The whole city was immediately filled with the abomination, and everyone, picturing the horror before their eyes as if it had been committed in his own presence, shuddered. 3.6.28 There was a rush to death on the part of the starving, and a blessing of those who had gone before, ere they could hear and see such evils.” Such were the rewards of the transgression 3.7.1 and impiety of the Jews against the Christ of God, and it is worthwhile to set beside them the unfailing prophecy of our Savior, through which he reveals these very things, prophesying thus: “But woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing in those days; and pray that your flight may not be in winter or on a Sabbath. For then there will be a great tribulation, such as has not been from the beginning of the world 3.7.2 until now, no, nor ever shall be.” The writer, summing up the whole number of the slain, says that one million one hundred thousand perished by famine and sword, and the remaining rebels and robbers, by one another after

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εἰσεπήδων δὶς ἢ τρὶς ὥρᾳ μιᾷ. πάντα δ' ὑπ' ὀδόντας ἦγεν ἡ ἀνάγκη, καὶ τὰ 3.6.19 μηδὲ τοῖς ῥυπαρωτάτοις τῶν ἀλόγων ζῴων πρόσφορα συλλέ γοντες ἐσθίειν ὑπέφερον. ζωστήρων γοῦν καὶ ὑποδημάτων τὸ τελευταῖον οὐκ ἀπέσχοντο καὶ τὰ δέρματα τῶν θυρεῶν ἀποδέροντες ἐμασῶντο, τροφὴ δ' ἦν καὶ χόρτου τισὶν παλαιοῦ σπαράγματα· τὰς γὰρ ἶνας ἔνιοι συλλέγοντες, ἐλάχιστον σταθμὸν ἐπώ3.6.20 λουν Ἀττικῶν τεσσάρων. καὶ τί δεῖ τὴν ἐπ' ἀψύχοις ἀναίδειαν τοῦ λιμοῦ λέγειν; εἶμι γὰρ αὐτοῦ δηλώσων ἔργον ὁποῖον μήτε παρ' Ἕλλησιν μήτε παρὰ βαρβάροις ἱστόρηται, φρικτὸν μὲν εἰπεῖν, ἄπιστον δ' ἀκοῦσαι. καὶ ἔγωγε, μὴ δόξαιμι τερατεύεσθαι τοῖς αὖθις ἀνθρώποις, κἂν παρέλιπον τὴν συμφορὰν ἡδέως, εἰ μὴ τῶν κατ' ἐμαυτὸν εἶχον ἀπείρους μάρτυρας· ἄλλως τε καὶ ψυχρὰν ἂν καταθείμην τῇ πατρίδι χάριν, καθυφέμενος τὸν λόγον 3.6.21 ὧν πέπονθε τὰ ἔργα. γυνὴ τῶν ὑπὲρ Ἰορδάνην κατοικούντων, Μαρία τοὔνομα, πατρὸς Ἐλεαζάρου, κώμης Βαθεζώρ σημαίνει δὲ τοῦτο οἶκος ὑσσώπου, διὰ γένος καὶ πλοῦτον ἐπίσημος, μετὰ τοῦ λοιποῦ πλήθους εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα καταφυγοῦσα συνεπολιορ3.6.22 κεῖτο. ταύτης τὴν μὲν ἄλλην κτῆσιν οἱ τύραννοι διήρπασαν, ὅσην ἐκ τῆς Περαίας ἀνασκευασαμένη μετήνεγκεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν, τὰ δὲ λείψανα τῶν κειμηλίων κἂν εἴ τι τροφῆς ἐπινοηθείη, καθ' ἡμέραν εἰσπηδῶντες ἥρπαζον οἱ δορυφόροι. δεινὴ δὲ τὸ γύναιον ἀγανάκτησις εἰσῄει, καὶ πολλάκις λοιδοροῦσα καὶ καταρωμένη 3.6.23 τοὺς ἅρπαγας ἐφ' ἑαυτὴν ἠρέθιζεν. ὡς δ' οὔτε παροξυνόμενός τις οὔτ' ἐλεῶν αὐτὴν ἀνῄρει καὶ τὸ μὲν εὑρεῖν τι σιτίον ἄλλοις ἐκοπία, πανταχόθεν δ' ἄπορον ἦν ἤδη καὶ τὸ εὑρεῖν, ὁ λιμὸς δὲ διὰ σπλάγχνων καὶ μυελῶν ἐχώρει καὶ τοῦ λιμοῦ μᾶλλον ἐξέκαιον οἱ θυμοί, σύμβουλον λαβοῦσα τὴν ὀργὴν μετὰ τῆς ἀνάγκης, ἐπὶ τὴν φύσιν ἐχώρει, καὶ τὸ τέκνον, ἦν δ' αὐτῇ παῖς ὑπομάστιος, ἁρπασαμένη, βρέφος, εἶπεν, ἄθλιον, ἐν πολέμῳ καὶ 3.6.24 λιμῷ καὶ στάσει, τίνι σε τηρῶ; τὰ μὲν παρὰ Ῥωμαίοις δουλεία κἂν ζήσωμεν ἐπ' αὐτούς, φθάνει δὲ καὶ δουλείαν ὁ λιμός, οἱ στασιασταὶ δὲ ἀμφοτέρων χαλεπώτεροι. ἴθι, γενοῦ μοι τροφὴ καὶ τοῖς στασιασταῖς ἐρινὺς καὶ τῷ βίῳ μῦθος, ὁ μόνος ἐλλείπων 3.6.25 ταῖς Ἰουδαίων συμφοραῖς. καὶ ταῦθ' ἅμα λέγουσα κτείνει τὸν υἱόν, ἔπειτ' ὀπτήσασα, τὸ μὲν ἥμισυ κατεσθίει, τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν κατακαλύψασα ἐφύλαττεν. εὐθέως δ' οἱ στασιασταὶ παρῆσαν καὶ τῆς ἀθεμίτου κνίσης σπάσαντες, ἠπείλουν, εἰ μὴ δείξειεν τὸ παρασκευασθέν, ἀποσφάξειν αὐτὴν εὐθέως· ἣ δὲ καὶ μοῖραν αὐτοῖς εἰποῦσα καλὴν τετηρηκέναι, τὰ λείψανα τοῦ τέκνου διεκά3.6.26 λυψεν. τοὺς δ' εὐθέως φρίκη καὶ φρενῶν ἔκστασις ᾕρει, καὶ παρὰ τὴν ὄψιν ἐπεπήγεσαν. ἣ δ', ἐμόν, ἔφη, τοῦτο τὸ τέκνον γνήσιον, καὶ τὸ ἔργον ἐμόν. φάγετε, καὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ βέβρωκα· μὴ γένησθε μήτε μαλακώτεροι γυναικὸς μήτε συμπαθέστεροι μητρός. εἰ δ' ὑμεῖς εὐσεβεῖς καὶ τὴν ἐμὴν ἀποστρέφεσθε θυσίαν, ἐγὼ μὲν ὑμῖν βέβρωκα, καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν δ' ἐμοὶ μεινάτω. 3.6.27 μετὰ ταῦθ' οἳ μὲν τρέμοντες ἐξῄεσαν, πρὸς ἓν τοῦτο δειλοὶ καὶ μόλις ταύτης τῆς τροφῆς τῇ μητρὶ παραχωρήσαντες, ἀνεπλήσθη δ' εὐθέως ὅλη τοῦ μύσους ἡ πόλις, καὶ πρὸ ὀμμάτων ἕκαστος τὸ πάθος λαμβάνων ὡς παρ' αὐτῷ τολμηθέν, ἔφριττεν. 3.6.28 σπουδὴ δὲ τῶν λιμωττόντων ἐπὶ τὸν θάνατον ἦν καὶ μακαρισμὸς τῶν φθασάντων πρὶν ἀκοῦσαι καὶ θεάσασθαι κακὰ τηλικαῦτα». Τοιαῦτα τῆς Ἰουδαίων εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ παρανομίας 3.7.1 τε καὶ δυσσεβείας τἀπίχειρα, παραθεῖναι δ' αὐτοῖς ἄξιον καὶ τὴν ἀψευδῆ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν πρόρρησιν, δι' ἧς αὐτὰ ταῦτα δηλοῖ ὧδέ πως προφητεύων· «οὐαὶ δὲ ταῖς ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσαις καὶ ταῖς θηλαζούσαις ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις· προσεύχεσθε δὲ ἵνα μὴ γένηται ὑμῶν ἡ φυγὴ χειμῶνος μηδὲ σαββάτῳ. ἔσται γὰρ τότε θλῖψις μεγάλη, οἵα οὐκ ἐγένετο ἀπ' ἀρχῆς κόσμου 3.7.2 ἕως τοῦ νῦν, οὐδὲ μὴ γένηται». συναγαγὼν δὲ πάντα τὸν τῶν ἀνῃρημένων ἀριθμὸν ὁ συγγραφεὺς λιμῷ καὶ ξίφει μυριάδας ἑκατὸν καὶ δέκα διαφθαρῆναί φησιν, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς στασιώδεις καὶ λῃστρικούς, ὑπ' ἀλλήλων μετὰ