John Chrysostom, On Matthew

It seems to me not to be the work of the star only, but also of God who moved their soul; which He also did in the case of Cyrus, preparing him to release the Jews. However, He did not work this in such a way as to destroy their free will; since, when He called Paul from above by a voice, He made both His own grace and that man's obedience manifest. And for what reason, you ask, did He not reveal this to all the Magi? Because not all were going to believe, but these were more suitable than the others; since also countless nations were perishing, and the prophet was sent to the Ninevites alone, and there were two robbers on the cross, and only one was saved. See then their virtue, not from the fact that they came, but also from the way they speak boldly. For so that they might not seem to be some kind of impostors, they mention their guide, and the length of the journey, and coming they display their boldness: "For we have come," it says, "to worship Him;" and they feared neither the people's anger, nor the king's tyranny. Whence it seems to me that these men also became teachers of their countrymen at home. For those who did not shrink from saying this here, would speak much more boldly in their own land, especially having received the oracle from the angel, and the testimony from the prophet. But when Herod heard this, it says, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him. Herod, reasonably, since he was king, and feared for himself and his children; but Jerusalem, for what reason? And yet the prophets from of old foretold Him as a savior, and benefactor, and liberator. Why then were they troubled? From the same disposition from which they had also previously turned away from God when He was showing them kindness, and remembered the flesh-pots of Egypt, while enjoying so great a freedom. But consider for me the accuracy of the prophets. For the prophet also cried out this very thing beforehand, saying: "They would wish that they had been burnt by fire; for a child has been born to us, and a son has been given to us." But nevertheless, though troubled, they do not seek to see what has happened, nor do they follow the Magi 57.68 and investigate; so contentious and lazy were they above all. For they ought to have been priding themselves, that the king was born among them, and had drawn the land of the Persians, and that they were about to have all men subject to them, since their affairs were advancing for the better, and from the very beginning his reign was so glorious; but not even by this are they made better. And yet they had just been delivered from the captivity there; and it was likely for them to consider, even if they knew nothing of the secret and lofty things, but reasoned only from the present circumstances, that if they so tremble at our king when He is born, much more will they fear and obey Him when He is grown, and our affairs will be more glorious than those of the barbarians. But none of these things rouses them; so great was their sluggishness, and with it also their envy; both of which one must banish with accuracy from our mind, and he who is to stand in such a battle-line must be fiercer than fire. Therefore Christ also said: "I came to cast fire upon the earth; and I wished that it were already kindled." And for this reason the Spirit appears in fire. 5. But we have become colder than ashes, and more dead than the deceased; and this, though we see Paul flying above the heaven, and the heaven of heavens, and more vehemently than any flame conquering and surpassing all things, things below, things above, things present, things to come, things that are, things that are not. But if that example is too great for you—though indeed this reasoning is one of sluggishness (for what more than you did Paul have, that you say it is impossible for you to have zeal like his?);—yet, lest we be contentious, let us leave Paul and consider the first believers, who cast out both money, and possessions, and all worldly care and leisure, and dedicated their whole selves to God, attending to the teaching of the word every night and day. For such is the spiritual fire; it allows one to have no desire for the things of

ἀστέρος ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ τὸ ἔργον εἶναι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῶν κινήσαντος· ὅπερ καὶ ἐπὶ Κύρου πεποίηκε, παρασκευάζων αὐτὸν ἀφεῖναι τοὺς Ἰουδαίους. Οὐχ οὕτω μέντοι τοῦτο εἰργάσατο, ὥστε τὸ αὐτεξούσιον λυμήνασθαι· ἐπεὶ καὶ Παῦλον καλέσας ἄνωθεν διὰ φωνῆς, καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ χάριν καὶ τὴν ἐκείνου ὑπακοὴν δήλην ἐποίησε. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν μὴ πᾶσι τοῖς μάγοις τοῦτο, φησὶν, ἀπεκάλυψεν; Ὅτι οὐδὲ πάντες πιστεύειν ἔμελλον, ἀλλ' οὗτοι τῶν ἄλλων ἦσαν ἐπιτηδειότεροι· ἐπεὶ καὶ μυρία ἔθνη ἀπώλοντο, καὶ Νινευΐταις ὁ προφήτης ἐπέμπετο μόνοις, καὶ δύο ἦσαν λῃσταὶ ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ, καὶ ὁ εἷς διεσώθη μόνος. Ὅρα γοῦν τούτων τὴν ἀρετὴν, οὐκ ἀφ' ὧν ἦλθον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀφ' ὧν παῤῥησιάζονται. Καὶ γὰρ ἵνα μὴ δόξωσιν ὑποβολιμαῖοί τινες εἶναι, λέγουσι τὸν ὁδηγήσαντα, καὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ μῆκος, καὶ τὴν παῤῥησίαν ἐλθόντες ἐνδείκνυνται· Ἤλθομεν γὰρ, φησὶ, προσκυνῆσαι αὐτῷ· καὶ οὔτε τοῦ δήμου τὸν θυμὸν, οὔτε τοῦ βασιλέως τὴν τυραννίδα ἐδεδοίκεισαν. Ὅθεν ἔμοιγε δοκοῦσιν οὗτοι καὶ οἴκοι διδάσκαλοι γενέσθαι τῶν ἐγχωρίων. Οἱ γὰρ ἐνταῦθα μὴ παραιτησάμενοι τοῦτο εἰπεῖν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον εἰς τὴν αὐτῶν ἐπαῤῥησιάσαντο, ἅτε καὶ τὸν χρησμὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου λαβόντες, καὶ τὴν παρὰ τοῦ προφήτου μαρτυρίαν. Ἀκούσας δὲ Ἡρώδης, φησὶν, ἐταράχθη, καὶ πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα μετ' αὐτοῦ. Ὁ μὲν Ἡρώδης εἰκότως, ἅτε βασιλεὺς ὢν, καὶ δεδοικὼς ὑπέρ τε ἑαυτοῦ καὶ τῶν παίδων· τὰ δὲ Ἱεροσόλυμα τίνος ἕνεκεν; Καίτοι σωτῆρα, καὶ εὐεργέτην, καὶ ἐλευθερωτὴν ἄνωθεν αὐτὸν οἱ προφῆται προὔλεγον. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ἐταράχθησαν; Ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης, ἀφ' ἧς καὶ ἔμπροσθεν τὸν Θεὸν εὐεργετοῦντα ἀπεστρέφοντο, καὶ τῶν Αἰγυπτιακῶν ἐμέμνηντο κρεῶν, τοσαύτης ἀπολαύοντες ἐλευθερίας. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει τῶν προφητῶν τὴν ἀκρίβειαν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο προανεφώνησεν ὁ προφήτης ἄνωθεν λέγων· Θελήσουσιν, εἰ ἐγενήθησαν πυρίκαυστοι· ὅτι παιδίον ἐγεννήθη ἡμῖν, υἱὸς καὶ ἐδόθη ἡμῖν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ταραχθέντες, οὐ ζητοῦσι τὸ συμβὰν ἰδεῖν, οὐδὲ τοῖς μάγοις ἀκολου 57.68 θοῦσι καὶ περιεργάζονται· οὕτως ὁμοῦ καὶ φιλόνεικοι καὶ ῥᾴθυμοι μάλιστα πάντων ἦσαν. ∆έον γὰρ αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐγκαλλωπίζεσθαι, ὅτι παρ' αὐτοῖς ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐτέχθη, καὶ τὴν Περσῶν εἵλκυσε χώραν, καὶ μέλλουσιν ἔχειν ἅπαντας ὑποχειρίους, ἅτε τῶν πραγμάτων ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον προελθόντων, καὶ ἀπὸ προοιμίου λαμπρᾶς οὕτω τῆς ἀρχῆς γενομένης, οἱ δὲ οὐδὲ ταύτῃ γίνονται ἀμείνους. Καίτοι ἄρτι τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ἦσαν τῆς ἐκεῖθεν ἀπαλλαγέντες· καὶ εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς ἐννοεῖν, εἰ καὶ μηδὲν τῶν ἀποῤῥήτων καὶ ὑψηλῶν ᾔδεσαν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῶν παρόντων ἐψηφίσαντο μόνον, ὅτι εἰ τεχθέντα οὕτω τρέμουσιν ἡμῶν τὸν βασιλέα, πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐξηθέντα φοβηθήσονται, καὶ ὑπακούσουσι, καὶ τῶν βαρβαρικῶν ἔσται λαμπρότερα τὰ ἡμέτερα. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων αὐτοὺς διανίστησι· τοσαύτη ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ νωθεία, μετὰ ταύτης δὲ καὶ ἡ βασκανία· ἅπερ ἀμφότερα δεῖ μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἐξορίζειν τῆς ἡμετέρας διανοίας, καὶ πυρὸς εἶναι σφοδρότερον τὸν μέλλοντα ἐπὶ τῆς τοιαύτης παρατάξεως ἵστασθαι. ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἔλεγε· Πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν· καὶ ἤθελον εἰ ἤδη ἀνήφθη. Καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα διὰ τοῦτο ἐν πυρὶ φαίνεται. εʹ. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς τέφρας ψυχρότεροι γεγόναμεν, καὶ τῶν τεθνηκότων νεκρότεροι· καὶ ταῦτα Παῦλον ὁρῶντες ὑπὲρ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἱπτάμενον, καὶ τὸν οὐρανὸν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ φλογὸς ἁπάσης σφοδρότερον ἅπαντα νικῶντα καὶ ὑπερβαίνοντα, τὰ κάτω, τὰ ἄνω, τὰ παρόντα, τὰ μέλλοντα, τὰ ὄντα, τὰ οὐκ ὄντα. Εἰ δὲ μεῖζόν σου ἐκεῖνο τὸ ὑπόδειγμα, μάλιστα μὲν οὖν καὶ οὗτος νωθείας ὁ λόγος (τί γάρ σου πλέον εἶχεν ὁ Παῦλος, ὅτι ἀδύνατον τὸν πρὸς ἐκεῖνόν σοι φῂς εἶναι ζῆλον;)· πλὴν ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ φιλονεικῶμεν, τὸν Παῦλον ἀφέντες, τοὺς πρώτους πιστεύσαντας ἐννοήσωμεν, οἳ καὶ χρήματα, καὶ κτήματα, καὶ φροντίδα καὶ σχολὴν ἅπασαν βιωτικὴν ἐξέβαλον, καὶ ὅλους ἑαυτοὺς ἀνέθηκαν τῷ Θεῷ, καθ' ἑκάστην νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν τῇ τοῦ λόγου διδασκαλίᾳ προσεδρεύοντες. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ τὸ πῦρ τὸ πνευματικόν· οὐδεμίαν ἐπιθυμίαν ἀφίησιν ἔχειν τῶν