John Chrysostom, On Matthew

here, but translates us to another love. For this reason, one who loves such things, even if it is necessary to give up his possessions, or to laugh at luxury, or glory, or even to give up his very soul, does all these things with all ease. For the heat of that fire, entering into the soul, casts out all sluggishness, and makes the one who is captured lighter than a feather; and henceforth despising all things seen, such a person remains in continual compunction, sending forth continual springs of tears, and from this reaping great pleasure. For nothing so glues and unites one to God as such tears. Such a person, even if he dwells in the midst of cities, lives as in a desert and on mountains and in glens, seeing none of those present, nor taking his fill of such lamentations, whether he weeps for himself or for the sins committed by others. 57.69 For this reason God blessed these before others, saying, Blessed are those who mourn. And how does Paul say: Rejoice in the Lord always? He means the pleasure from these tears. For just as worldly joy has sorrow allotted to it, so tears according to God sprout forth continual and unfading joy. Thus also the prostitute became more venerable than virgins, being seized by this fire. For when she was inflamed by repentance, she was then driven to a frenzy by her longing for Christ, loosing her hair, and wetting his holy feet with her tears, and wiping them with her own locks, and emptying the myrrh. And all these things were done outwardly; but the things being accomplished in her mind were much more fervent than these, which God alone saw. For this reason, everyone who hears rejoices with her, and is glad at her good deeds, and absolves her of all charges. But if we who are wicked cast this vote, consider what she enjoyed from the philanthropic God, and how many things, and what good things she reaped from repentance even before the gifts of God. For just as when a violent rainstorm breaks, the sky becomes clear, so also when tears fall, a calm and fair weather comes, and the darkness from sins disappears. And just as we are cleansed by water and spirit, so again are we cleansed by tears and confession, if we do not do this for show and for ambition. For I would say that it is just that the one who weeps thus is more accused than the one who adorns herself with cosmetics and powders. For I seek those tears that are not for show, but come from compunction; those that are shed in secret and in the inner chambers, with no one seeing, but dripping quietly and silently; those from the depth of the mind, in affliction and pain, those that come for God alone, such as were Hannah's; For her lips, it says, were moving, but her voice was not heard. But her tears alone sent forth a voice clearer than a trumpet. For this reason also God opened her womb, and made the hard rock a soft field. 2. If you also weep thus, you have become an imitator of your Master. For He Himself also wept, both over Lazarus and over the city, and was troubled over Judas. And one can often see Him doing this, but laughing nowhere; nor even smiling gently; for none of the evangelists has said so. For this reason also Paul, that he wept, and did this for three years night and day, both he himself says concerning himself, and others say this concerning him; but that he laughed, nowhere has either he himself said, nor any other of the saints, either concerning himself, or concerning any other such person; but this is said only of Sarah, when she was rebuked; and concerning the son of Noah, when instead of a free man he became a slave. And I say these things, not to cut off laughter, but to do away with dissoluteness. For what reason, tell me, are you dissipated 57.70 and dissolute, being still liable to so many accounts, and about to stand before a fearful judgment seat, and to give a precise account of all things that have happened here? For we will give an account both of the things we have sinned willingly and unwillingly; For whoever denies me,

ἐνταῦθα, ἀλλ' εἰς ἕτερον ἡμᾶς μεθίστησιν ἔρωτα. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὁ τοιούτων ἐρῶν πραγμάτων, κἂν τὰ ὄντα προέσθαι δέῃ, κἂν τρυφῆς, κἂν δόξης καταγελάσαι, κἂν αὐτὴν ἐκδοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν, μετὰ πάσης εὐκολίας ταῦτα πάντα ποιεῖ. Ἡ γὰρ τοῦ πυρὸς ἐκείνου θερμότης εἰς τὴν ψυχὴν εἰσιοῦσα, πᾶσαν ἐκβάλλει νωθείαν, καὶ πτεροῦ ποιεῖ κουφότερον τὸν ἁλόντα· καὶ πάντων τῶν ὁρωμένων ὑπερορῶν λοιπὸν, ὁ τοιοῦτος ἐν κατανύξει μένει διηνεκεῖ, πηγὰς συνεχεῖς ἀφιεὶς δακρύων, καὶ πολλὴν ἐντεῦθεν καρπούμενος τὴν ἡδονήν. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως συγκολλᾷ καὶ ἑνοῖ τῷ Θεῷ, ὡς τὰ τοιαῦτα δάκρυα. Ὁ τοιοῦτος κἂν ἐν μέσαις πόλεσιν ᾖ κατοικῶν, ὡς ἐν ἐρημίᾳ διατρίβει καὶ ὄρεσι καὶ νάπαις, οὐδένα τῶν παρόντων ὁρῶν, οὐδὲ κόρον τῶν τοιούτων λαμβάνων θρήνων, ἄν τε ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ, ἄν τε ὑπὲρ τῶν ἑτέροις πεπλημμελη 57.69 μένων δακρύῃ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων τούτους ἐμακάριζεν ὁ Θεὸς, Μακάριοι οἱ πενθοῦντες, λέγων. Καὶ πῶς ὁ Παῦλός φησι· Χαίρετε ἐν Κυρίῳ πάντοτε; Τὴν ἐκ τῶν δακρύων τούτων λέγων ἡδονήν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἡ διὰ κόσμον χαρὰ λύπην ἔχει συγκεκληρωμένην, οὕτω τὰ κατὰ Θεὸν δάκρυα χαρὰν βλαστάνει διηνεκῆ καὶ ἀμάραντον. Οὕτω καὶ ἡ πόρνη παρθένων ἐγένετο σεμνοτέρα, τούτῳ κατασχεθεῖσα τῷ πυρί. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ διεθερμάνθη τῇ μετανοίᾳ, ἐξεβακχεύθη λοιπὸν τῷ περὶ τὸν Χριστὸν πόθῳ, τὰς τρίχας λύουσα, καὶ τοὺς ἁγίους βρέχουσα πόδας τοῖς δάκρυσι, καὶ ταῖς ἰδίαις αὐτοὺς ἀπομάσσουσα κόμαις, καὶ τὸ μύρον κενοῦσα. Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἅπαντα ἔξωθεν ἐγίνετο· τὰ δὲ ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ τελούμενα πολλῷ τούτων θερμότερα ἦν, ἃ μόνος αὐτὸς ἔβλεπεν ὁ Θεός. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο ἕκαστος ἀκούων, συγχαίρει τε αὐτῇ, καὶ εὐφραίνεται τοῖς ἐκείνης κατορθώμασι, καὶ πάντων ἀπαλλάττει τῶν ἐγκλημάτων αὐτήν. Εἰ δὲ ἡμεῖς οἱ πονηροὶ ταύτην φέρομεν τὴν ψῆφον, ἐννόησον τίνος ἀπέλαυσε παρὰ τοῦ φιλανθρώπου Θεοῦ, καὶ πόσα, καὶ πρὸ τῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ δωρεῶν, ἀπὸ τῆς μετανοίας ἐκαρπώσατο ἀγαθά. Καθάπερ γὰρ ὑετοῦ καταῤῥαγέντος σφοδροῦ αἰθρία γίνεται καθαρὰ, οὕτω καὶ δακρύων καταφερομένων γαλήνη γίνεται καὶ εὐδία, καὶ τὸ ἐκ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἀφανίζεται σκότος. Καὶ ὥσπερ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, οὕτως ἀπὸ δακρύων καὶ ἐξομολογήσεως καθαιρόμεθα πάλιν, ἂν μὴ πρὸς ἐπίδειξιν τοῦτο ποιῶμεν καὶ πρὸς φιλοτιμίαν. Τὴν γὰρ οὕτω δακρύουσαν τῆς καλλωπιζομένης καὶ ὑπογραφαῖς καὶ ἐπιτρίμμασι μᾶλλον κατηγορεῖσθαι φαίην ἂν εἶναι δίκαιον. Ἐγὼ γὰρ ἐκεῖνα ζητῶ τὰ δάκρυα τὰ μὴ πρὸς ἐπίδειξιν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς κατάνυξιν γινόμενα· τὰ λάθρα καὶ ἐν τοῖς ταμιείοις, καὶ μηδενὸς ὁρῶντος, ἀλλ' ἠρέμα καὶ ἀψοφητὶ στάζοντα· τὰ ἀπὸ βάθους διανοίας, τὰ ἐν τῷ θλίβεσθαι καὶ ὀδυνᾶσθαι, τὰ διὰ τὸν Θεὸν μόνον γινόμενα, οἷα τὰ τῆς Ἄννης ἦν· Τὰ γὰρ χείλη αὐτῆς, φησὶν, ἐκινεῖτο, καὶ ἡ φωνὴ αὐτῆς οὐκ ἠκούετο. Ἀλλὰ τὰ δάκρυα μόνα σάλπιγγος λαμπροτέραν ἠφίει φωνήν. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ τὴν μήτραν ἀνέῳξεν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ τὴν σκληρὰν πέτραν ἁπαλὴν ἄρουραν εἰργάσατο. ʹ. Ἂν οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς δακρύῃς, μιμητὴς τοῦ ∆εσπότου σου γέγονας. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐδάκρυσε, καὶ ἐπὶ Λαζάρου καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰούδα διεταράχθη. Καὶ τοῦτο μὲν πολλάκις ἔστιν ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν ποιοῦντα, γελῶντα δὲ οὐδαμοῦ· ἀλλ' οὐδὲ μειδιῶντα ἠρέμα· οὐκοῦν τῶν εὐαγγελιστῶν οὐδεὶς εἴρηκε. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ Παῦλος, ὅτι μὲν ἐδάκρυσε, καὶ τριετίαν νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν τοῦτο ἐποίει καὶ αὐτὸς περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ ἕτεροι περὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦτο λέγουσιν· ὅτι δὲ ἐγέλασεν, οὐδαμοῦ οὔτε αὐτὸς εἴρηκεν, οὔτε ἄλλος οὐδὲ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων, οὔτε περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, οὔτε περὶ ἑτέρου τινὸς τοιούτου· ἀλλὰ περὶ Σάῤῥας μόνης τοῦτο εἴρηται, ἡνίκα ἐπετιμήθη· καὶ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ Νῶε, ὅτε ἀντ' ἐλευθέρου δοῦλος γέγονε. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω, οὐ τὸν γέλωτα ἐκκόπτων, ἀλλὰ τὴν διάχυσιν ἀναιρῶν. Τίνος γὰρ ἕνεκεν, εἰπέ μοι, θρύπτῃ 57.70 καὶ διαῤῥέεις, τοσαύταις εὐθύναις ἔνοχος ὢν ἔτι, καὶ φοβερῷ μέλλων παραστήσεσθαι δικαστηρίῳ, καὶ πάντων παρέχειν λόγον μετὰ ἀκριβείας τῶν ἐνταῦθα γεγενημένων; Καὶ γὰρ ὧν ἑκόντες καὶ ὧν ἄκοντες ἡμάρτομεν, δώσομεν λόγον· Ὃς γὰρ ἂν ἀρνήσηταί με,