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he established, so that the faith might prevail with one voice, and that the same time for the salutary feast might be confessed by all. And what had been decided in common was now confirmed in writing by the signature of each. When these things were done, the emperor, saying that he had won this second victory against the enemy of the church, celebrated a festival of victory to God. At the same time the twentieth year of his reign was completed. On which occasion, while public festivals were held by the other nations, for the ministers of God the emperor himself initiated a banquet, feasting with those who had made peace, and as it were offering this as a fitting sacrifice to God through them; nor 3.15.2 was any of the bishops absent from the imperial feast. And what took place was beyond all description; for bodyguards and soldiers, with the bare points of their swords, guarded the entrance of the palace in a circle, and in their midst the men of God passed without fear and went into the innermost parts of the royal chambers. Then some reclined with him, while others rested on couches placed on either side. One might have imagined it a picture of the kingdom of Christ, and that what was happening was a dream and not a reality. 3.16.1 And when the banquet proceeded splendidly, the emperor also added this, greeting those present, magnanimously honoring each according to his proper worth with gifts from himself. And he transmitted the memory of this synod even to those who were not present through a personal letter, which I shall also attach to this narrative about him as on a tablet, having this form. Constantine Augustus to the churches. Having learned from the prosperity of public affairs how great is the grace of the divine power, I judged that this, before all things, should be my proper aim, that among the most blessed multitudes of the catholic church one faith and sincere love and a common piety toward the al3.17.2 mighty God might be preserved. But since this could not take a firm and sure form, unless, when all or at least the majority of the bishops had come together in one place, a decision should be made concerning each of the things pertaining to our most holy religion, for this reason, very many having been gathered together (and I myself happened to be present as one of you—for I would not deny that in which I most rejoice, that I am your fellow-servant), all things received a fitting examination, until the judgment pleasing to God who sees all things was brought to light for the concord of unity, so that nothing further was left for dissension or controversy concerning the faith. 3.18.1 There also, when an inquiry was made concerning the most holy day of Easter, it was decided by common consent that it would be well for all everywhere to celebrate it on one day. For what could be more beautiful for us, what more venerable, than that this festival, from which we have received the hope of immortality, should be kept by all without fail in one 3.18.2 order and with a clear rule? And first of all it seemed unworthy to celebrate that most holy festival by following the custom of the Jews, who, having stained their own hands with a lawless crime, are fittingly blind in their souls, polluted as they are. For it is possible, now that their nation has been cast off, for the observance of this custom to extend to future ages in a truer order, which we have kept from the first day of the passion until the present. Therefore, let there be nothing in common between you and the most hostile crowd of the Jews. 3.18.3 For we have received from the Savior another way; a course is set for our most holy religion that is both lawful and fitting. Let us unanimously lay hold of this and withdraw ourselves from that shameful association, most honored brethren. For it is truly most absurd for them to boast that we would not be capable of observing these things apart from their 3.18.4 instruction. For what will they be able to think rightly, who after that killing of the Lord and of their fathers, being out of their minds, are led not by any reason but by an unrestrained impulse, wherever their innate madness may lead them

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κατεστήσατο, ὡς ὁμόφωνον μὲν κρατῆσαι τὴν πίστιν, τῆς σωτηρίου δ' ἑορτῆς τὸν αὐτὸν παρὰ τοῖς πᾶσιν ὁμολογηθῆναι καιρόν. ἐκυροῦτο δ' ἤδη καὶ ἐν γραφῇ δι' ὑποσημειώσεως ἑκάστου τὰ κοινῇ δεδογμένα. ὧν δὴ πραχθέντων, δευτέραν ταύτην νίκην ἄρασθαι εἰπὼν βασιλεὺς κατὰ τοῦ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐχθροῦ ἐπινίκιον ἑορτὴν τῷ θεῷ συνετέλει. Κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ τῆς βασιλείας εἰκοσαετὴς ἐπληροῦτο χρόνος. ἐφ' ᾧ πάνδημοι μὲν ἤγοντο πανηγύρεις τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσι, τοῖς δέ γε τοῦ θεοῦ λειτουργοῖς εὐωχίας αὐτὸς ἐξῆρχε βασιλεύς, συμποσιάζων εἰρηνεύσασι καὶ οἱονεὶ θυσίαν ταύτην ἀποδιδοὺς ἐμπρέπουσαν τῷ θεῷ δι' αὐτῶν· οὐδ' 3.15.2 ἀπελείπετό τις ἐπισκόπων βασιλικῆς ἑστιάσεως. κρεῖττον δ' ἦν παντὸς λόγου τὸ γιγνόμενον· δορυφόροι μὲν γὰρ καὶ ὁπλῖται γυμναῖς ταῖς τῶν ξιφῶν ἀκμαῖς ἐν κύκλῳ τὰ πρόθυρα τῶν βασιλείων ἐφρούρουν, μέσοι δὲ τούτων ἀδεεῖς οἱ τοῦ θεοῦ διέβαινον ἄνθρωποι ἐνδοτάτω τ' ἀνακτόρων ἐχώρουν. εἶθ' οἱ μὲν αὐτῷ συνανεκλίνοντο, οἱ δ' ἀμφὶ τὰς ἑκατέρων προσανεπαύοντο κλινάδας. Χριστοῦ βασιλείας ἔδοξεν ἄν τις φαντασιοῦσθαι εἰκόνα, ὄναρ τ' εἶναι ἀλλ' οὐχ ὕπαρ τὸ γιγνόμενον. 3.16.1 Ἐπεὶ δὲ λαμπρῶς τὰ τῆς εὐωχίας προὐχώρει, ἔτι καὶ τοῦτο βασιλεὺς δεξιούμενος τοὺς παρόντας προσετίθει, μεγαλοψύχως ἕκαστον κατὰ τὴν πρέπουσαν ἀξίαν τοῖς παρ' αὐτοῦ τιμῶν ξενίοις. τῆς δὲ συνόδου ταύτης καὶ τοῖς μὴ παροῦσι τὴν μνήμην δι' οἰκείου παρεδίδου γράμματος, ὃ δὴ καὶ αὐτὸ ὥσπερ ἐν στήλῃ τῇδε τῇ περὶ αὐτοῦ συνάψω διηγήσει, τοῦτον ἔχον τὸν τρόπον. Κωνσταντῖνος Σεβαστὸς ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις. Πεῖραν λαβὼν ἐκ τῆς τῶν κοινῶν εὐπραξίας, ὅση τῆς θείας δυνάμεως πέφυκε χάρις, τοῦτόν γε πρὸ γε πάντων ἔκρινα εἶναί μοι προσήκειν σκοπόν, ὅπως παρὰ τοῖς μακαριωτάτοις τῆς καθολικῆς ἐκκλησίας πλήθεσι πίστις μία καὶ εἰλικρινὴς ἀγάπη ὁμογνώμων τε περὶ τὸν παγ3.17.2 κρατῆ θεὸν εὐσέβεια τηρῆται. ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τοῦτο οὐχ οἷόν τ' ἦν ἀκλινῆ καὶ βεβαίαν τάξιν λαβεῖν, εἰ μή, εἰς ταὐτὸν πάντων ὁμοῦ ἢ τῶν γοῦν πλειόνων ἐπισκόπων συνελθόντων, ἑκάστου τῶν προσηκόντων τῇ ἁγιωτάτῃ θρησκείᾳ διάκρισις γένοιτο, τούτου ἕνεκεν πλείστων ὅσων συναθροισθέντων (καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ καθάπερ εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐτύγχανον συμπαρών· οὐ γὰρ ἀρνησαίμην ἄν, ἐφ' ᾧ μάλιστα χαίρω, συνθεράπων ὑμέτερος πεφυκέναι), ἄχρι τοσούτου ἅπαντα τῆς προσηκούσης τετύχηκεν ἐξετάσεως, ἄχρις οὗ ἡ τῷ πάντων ἐφόρῳ θεῷ ἀρέσκουσα γνώμη πρὸς τὴν τῆς ἑνότητος συμφωνίαν εἰς φῶς προήχθη, ὡς μηδὲν ἔτι πρὸς διχόνοιαν ἢ πίστεως ἀμφισβήτησιν ὑπολείπεσθαι. 3.18.1 Ἔνθα καὶ περὶ τῆς τοῦ πάσχα ἁγιωτάτης ἡμέρας γενομένης ζητήσεως, ἔδοξε κοινῇ γνώμῃ καλῶς ἔχειν ἐπὶ μιᾶς ἡμέρας πάντας τοὺς ἁπανταχοῦ ἐπιτελεῖν. τί γὰρ ἡμῖν κάλλιον, τί δὲ σεμνότερον ὑπάρξαι δυνήσεται τοῦ τὴν ἑορτὴν ταύτην, παρ' ἧς τὴν τῆς ἀθανασίας εἰλήφαμεν ἐλπίδα, μιᾷ 3.18.2 τάξει καὶ φανερῷ λόγῳ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀδιαπτώτως φυλάττεσθαι; καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἀνάξιον ἔδοξεν εἶναι τὴν ἁγιωτάτην ἐκείνην ἑορτὴν τῇ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἑπομένους συνηθείᾳ πληροῦν, οἳ τὰς ἑαυτῶν χεῖρας ἀθεμίτῳ πλημμελήματι χράναντες εἰκότως τὰς ψυχὰς οἱ μιαροὶ τυφλώττουσιν. ἔξεστι γὰρ τοῦ ἐκείνων ἔθνους ἀποβληθέντος ἀληθεστέρᾳ τάξει, ἣν ἐκ πρώτης τοῦ πάθους ἡμέρας ἄχρι τοῦ παρόντος ἐφυλάξαμεν, καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς μέλλοντας αἰῶνας τὴν τῆς ἐπιτηρήσεως ταύτης συμπλήρωσιν ἐκτείνεσθαι. μηδὲν τοίνυν ἔστω ὑμῖν κοινὸν μετὰ τοῦ ἐχθίστου τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὄχλου. 3.18.3 εἰλήφαμεν γὰρ παρὰ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἑτέραν ὁδόν, πρόκειται δρόμος τῇ ἱερωτάτῃ ἡμῶν θρησκείᾳ καὶ νόμιμος καὶ πρέπων. τούτου συμφώνως ἀντιλαμβανόμενοι τῆς αἰσχρᾶς ἐκείνης ἑαυτοὺς συνειδήσεως ἀποσπάσωμεν, ἀδελφοὶ τιμιώτατοι. ἔστι γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀτοπώτατον ἐκείνους αὐχεῖν, ὡς ἄρα παρεκτὸς τῆς αὐτῶν διδασκαλίας ταῦτα φυλάττειν οὐκ 3.18.4 εἴημεν ἱκανοί. τί δὲ φρονεῖν ὀρθὸν ἐκεῖνοι δυνήσονται, οἳ μετὰ τὴν κυριοκτονίαν τε καὶ πατροκτονίαν ἐκείνην ἐκστάντες τῶν φρενῶν ἄγονται οὐ λογισμῷ τινι ἀλλ' ὁρμῇ ἀκατασχέτῳ, ὅπῃ δ' ἂν αὐτοὺς ἡ ἔμφυτος αὐτῶν ἀγάγῃ