consonants, of which the second is unchangeable. The passive perfect is πεπρόσταγμαι and from it, πρόσταγμα. Why is it proparoxytone? Neuter nouns ending in -α, of more than two syllables, are proparoxytone, for example, εὕρημα, θέλημα, μάλαγμα; so therefore also πρόσταγμα. Εἶπε, what part of speech is it? Of a verb, indicative mood, active voice, first aorist tense. What is the theme? ἔπω. How many things does it mean? Two: ἔπω, that is, I say, from which also comes ἔπος, word, as in Ἀτρείδη, ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων; 86 ἔπω, that is, I follow, as in οὐκ οἴη, ἅμα τῇ γε καὶ ἀμφίπολοι δύ' ἕποντο; ἔπω, that is, I prepare, as in τὸν δὲ εὗρ' ἐν θαλάμῳ περικαλλέα τεύχε' ἑπο´ντα. ἔπω, that is, I manage, as in ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν πλεῖον πολυάϊκος πολέμοιο χεῖρες ἐμαὶ διέπουσιν. From ἔπω also the imperfect εἶπον; the diphthong ΕΙ, why? The Ε sometimes changes to Η, as in ἐλέγχω, ἤλεγχον, and sometimes it takes an I, as in ἔχω, εἶχον; ἔθω, εἶθον, meaning I do something out of habit, from which also comes the middle perfect εἶθα, and with the pleonasm of Ω, εἴωθα; ἔπω, εἶπον, meaning I say, and I follow; ἕλω, εἷλον, meaning I take and I kill; ἕλκω, εἷλκον, meaning I drag, and from it the circumflexed ἑλκῶ, ἥλκουν, in the sense of a wound, from which also comes ὁ ἡλκωμένος; ἕρπω, εἷρπον; ἐρῶ, εἴρουν, from which also comes εἴρηκα; ἐῶ, εἴουν, meaning I allow; these are of two syllables; but those of more than two syllables: ἐργάζομαι, εἰργαζόμην; ἐθίζω, εἴθιζον; ἑστιῶ, εἱστίων, and it means I prepare a meal; ἐρύω, εἴρυον; ἑλκύω, εἵλκυον; ἑρπύζω, εἵρπυζον; from ἔπω also the future ἔψω, the aorist εἶπα. The rule: every future tense verb, changing the final Ω to Α, and lengthening the initial syllable temporally or syllabically, becomes an aorist, and so it becomes εἶψα; but it has been noted among those in -Ω are εἶπα and ἤνεγκα, but among those in -ΜΙ are ἔθηκα, ἔδωκα, ἧκα. For Π and Κ are not a characteristic of the first aorist. And why has it been noted? Because they did not keep the consonant of the future, and because they were formed with a mute consonant; for a tense is never formed with a mute, but with one of the 8 semivowels; and it ought to be ἦπα with an Η; but there is a rule that says, that for the η of ἔψα, which is long by position, a change happened because of the antipathy of Π, and of the tense to the diphthong ΕΙ which is long by nature; and it became εἶπα through the diphthong ΕΙ, the participle ὁ εἴπας, and it ought to be ἔπας, but ὁ εἴπας and ὁ εἰπὼν kept the ΕΙ diphthong, and the penult; for those ..... beginning with (sic 87) take an I, or change the Ε to Η; these they shorten again, for example, εἷλον and ἑλὼν, εἴασας and ἐάσας, εἴλεγξα and ἐλέγξας; but those having a long penult want to have one of the unchangeable letters, as that of the 5th conjugation. We argue, therefore, that the long-by-position was changed to long-by-nature. The second aorist εἶπον, the participle ὁ εἰπών. The rule: the second aorist in -ον, changing the Ο to a great Ω, we shorten, and it ought to be ἐπών; but there is a rule that says that the second aorist always wants to begin the same as the first, just as these also begin the same, ὁ εἴπας and ὁ εἰπών. And ἤνεγκα, whence has it come? From ἐνέκω, ἐνέξω, ἤνεξα, and ἤνεγξα by metaplasm of the Ν, and by a change of the Ν to Γ; and the word διάκονος also comes from it; for from ἕνεκα comes ἕνεκος, and with the preposition διά, διάενεκος, and by transposition διαέκονος, and by crasis of ΕΑ to a long Α, διάκονος; but some say from κονῶ, meaning I work, and the preposition διά; but it is not possible to show the long Α with this argument. ἔπω has a smooth breathing, why? The verbs from ἔπω are written with a smooth breathing on the E. Why of the 5 noted forms, that is, of εἶπα, and ἤνεγκα, and ἔθηκα, ἔδωκα, ἧκα, do only the two from the -Ω verbs get conjugated in all the moods, but the 3 do not? Because εἶπα ought to be formed with Ψ, as in γράψω, ἔγραψα, and similarly ἤνεγκα with Ξ; for the future is ἐνέγξω; but it was not so formed, but the one was with Π, and the other with Κ; and Κ has a kinship with Ξ, and Π with Ψ; reasonably, since they kept some part of the analogy,

σύμφωνα, ω῾῀ν ὁ μὲν δεύτερον α᾿μετάβολον.Ὁ παθητικὸς παρακείμενος πεπρόσταγμαι καὶ ἐξ αυ᾿τοῦ πρόσταγμα. ∆ιατί προπαροξύνεται; Τὰ ει᾿ς Α λήγοντα ου᾿δε´τερα, ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς, προπαροξύ νεται, οι῾῀ον ευ῾´ρημα, θέλημα, μάλαγμα· ου῾´τως ου᾿῀ν καὶ πρό σταγμα. ΕἾΠΕ, ποίου μέρους λόγου ε᾿στί;Ῥήματος, ε᾿γκλίσεως ὁριστικῆς, διαθέσεως ε᾿νεργητικῆς, χρόνου α᾿ορίστου αʹ. Τὸ θέμα πῶς ε᾿στιν;Ἔπω. Πόσα σημαίνει; ∆ύο· ε᾿´πω, τὸ λέγω, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ ε᾿´πος, ὁ λόγος, ὡς τὸ Ἀτρείδη, ποῖόν σε ε᾿´πος φύγεν ε῾´ρκος ο᾿δο´ντων; 86 ε᾿´πω τὸ ἀκολουθῶ, ὡς τὸ ου᾿κ οἰὴ, α῾´μα τῇ γε καὶ ἀμφίπολοι δύ' ε῾´ποντο· ε᾿´πω τὸ ευ᾿τρεπίζω, ὡς τὸ τὸν δὲ ευ῾῀ρ' ε᾿ν θαλάμῳ περικαλέα τεύχε' ε᾿πο´ντα. ε᾿´πω τὸ διοικῶ, ὡς τὸ α᾿λλὰ τὸ μὲν πλεῖον πολυάι¨κος πολέμοιο χεῖρες ε᾿μαὶ διέπουσιν. Ἔπω καὶ ὁ παρατατικὸς ει᾿῀πον· τὸ ΕΙ δίφθογγον, διατί; Τὸ δὲ Ε ποτὲ μὲν ει᾿ς Η τρέπεται, ε᾿λε´γχω η᾿´λεγχον, ποτὲ δὲ καὶ τὸ Ι προσλαμβάνει, ε᾿´χω ει᾿῀χον, ε᾿´θω ει᾿῀θον, τὸ ἐξ ε᾿´θους τι διαπράττομαι, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ ὁ μέσος παρακείμενος ει᾿῀θα, καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ Ω, ει᾿´ωθα, ε᾿´πω ει᾿῀πον, τὸ λέγω, καὶ τὸ ἀκο λουθέω, ε῾´λω ει῾῀λον, τὸ λαμβάνω καὶ τὸ φονεύω, ε῾´λκω ει῾῀λκον, τὸ σύρω, καὶ ἀπ' αυ᾿τοῦ περισπώμενον ἑλκῶ η῾´λκουν, τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ ε῾´λκους, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ ὁ ἡλκωμένος, ε῾´ρπω ει῾῀ρπον, ε᾿ρω῀ ει᾿´ρουν, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ τὸ ει᾿´ρηκα, ἐῶ ει᾿´ουν, τὸ συγχωρῶ· ταῦτα δισύλλαβα· τὰ δὲ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς ε᾿ργάζομαι ει᾿ργαζόμην, ε᾿θι´ζω ει᾿´θιζον, ἑστιῶ εἱστίων, σημαίνει δὲ τὸ ἀριστοποιῶ, ε᾿ρυ´ω ει᾿´ρυον, ἑλκύω ει῾´λκυον, ἑρπύζω ει῾´ρπυζον· ε᾿´πω καὶ ὁ μέλλων ε᾿´ψω, ὁ ἀόριστος ει᾿῀πα. Ὁ κανών· πᾶς μέλλων α᾿μείβων τὸ τελευταῖον Ω ει᾿ς Α, καὶ τὴν α᾿´ρχουσαν ε᾿κτείνων χρονικῶς η᾿` συλλαβικῶς, ἀόριστος γίνεται, καὶ γίνεται ει᾿῀ψα· α᾿λλὰ σεσημείωται ε᾿ν μὲν τοῖς ει᾿ς Ω ὁ ει᾿῀πα καὶ ὁ η᾿´νεγκα, ε᾿ν δὲ τοῖς ει᾿ς ΜΙ ὁ ε᾿´θηκα, ε᾿´δωκα, η῾῀κα. Ου᾿ γάρ ε᾿στι τὸ Π καὶ Κ χαρακτῆρος α᾿ορίστου αʹ. Καὶ διὰ τί σεσημείωται; ∆ιότι ου᾿κ ἐφύλαξαν τὸ σύμφωνον τοῦ μέλλοντος, καὶ ο῾´τι δι' α᾿φω´νου ε᾿ξενέχθησαν· ου᾿δε´ποτε γὰρ χρόνος δι' α᾿φω´νου ε᾿κφέρεται, α᾿λλὰ διὰ ἑνὸς τῶν ηʹ ἡμι φώνων· καὶ ω᾿´φειλεν ει᾿῀ναι ΗΠΑ διὰ τοῦ Η· α᾿λλὰ κανών ε᾿στιν ὁ λέγων, ο῾´τι τῆς θέσει μακρᾶς η᾿῀ν τῆς ε᾿´ψα μεταβολὴ γέγονε διὰ τὴν τοῦ Π α᾿ντιπάθειαν, καὶ τοῦ χρόνου ει᾿ς τὴν ΕΙ δί φθογγον ἡ ει᾿ς τὴν φύσει μακράν· καὶ γέγονε ει᾿῀πα διὰ τῆς ΕΙ διφθόγγου, ἡ μετοχὴ ὁ ει᾿´πας, καὶ ω᾿´φειλεν ει᾿῀ναι ε᾿´πας, α᾿λλὰ μὲν ὁ ει᾿´πας καὶ ὁ ει᾿πω`ν ε᾿φυ´λαξε τὴν ΕΙ δίφθογγον, καὶ τὴν παραλήγουσαν· τὰ γὰρ ..... α᾿ρχ (sic 87 προσλαμβάνουσι τὸ Ι, η᾿` τρέπουσι τὸ Ε ει᾿ς Η· ταῦτα πάλιν συστέλλουσιν, οι῾῀ον, ει῾῀λον καὶ ἑλὼν, ει᾿´ασας καὶ ἐάσας, ει᾿´λεγξα καὶ ἐλέγξας· τὰ δὲ ε᾿´χοντα μακρὰν τὴν παραλή γουσαν θέλουσιν ε᾿´χειν ε῾`ν τῶν α᾿μεταβόλων, ὡς τὸ τῆς εʹ συζυγίας.Ἀπολογούμεθα τοίνυν ο῾´τι ἡ θέσει μακρὰ μετε βλήθη ει᾿ς φύσιν.Ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος ει᾿῀πον, ἡ μετοχὴ ὁ ει᾿πω´ν.Ὁ κανών· ὁ ει᾿ς ΟΝ δεύτερος ἀόριστος τρέπων τὸ Ο ει᾿ς Ω μέγα, συστέλλομεν, καὶ ω᾿´φειλεν ε᾿πω´ν· α᾿λλὰ κανών ε᾿στιν ὁ λέγων, ο῾´τι α᾿ει` ὁ δεύτερος ἀόριστος συνάρχεσθαι θέλει τῷ πρώτῳ, καθάπερ καὶ ου῾῀τοι συνάρχονται, ὁ ει᾿´πας καὶ ὁ ει᾿πω´ν. Τὸ δὲ η᾿´νεγκα πόθεν γέγονεν;Ἐκ τοῦ ἐνέκω, ε᾿νε´ξω, η᾿´νεξα, καὶ η᾿´νεγξα κατὰ μεταπλασμὸν τοῦ Ν, καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ Ν ει᾿ς Γ· καὶ τὸ διάκονος δὲ ἐξ αυ᾿τοῦ γίνεται· ε᾿κ τοῦ ε῾´νεκα γὰρ γίνεται ε῾´νεκος, καὶ μετὰ τῆς διὰ προθέσεως διά ενεκος, καὶ ἐν ὑπερβιβασμῷ διαέκονος, καὶ κράσει τοῦ ΕΑ ει᾿ς Α μακρὸν, διάκονος· οἱ δέ φασιν α᾿πο` τοῦ κονῶ τὸ ἐνεργῶ καὶ τῆς διὰ προθέσεως· α᾿λλ' ου᾿κ ε᾿´στι δεῖξαι τὸ Α μακρὸν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ.Ἔπω τὸ Ε ψιλὸν, διατί; Τὰ διὰ τοῦ ε᾿´πω ῥήματα διὰ τοῦ Ε ψιλοῦ γράφονται. ∆ιατὶ τῶν εʹ σεση μειωμένων, λέγω δὴ τοῦ ει᾿῀πα, καὶ η᾿´νεγκα, καὶ ε᾿´θηκα, ε᾿´δωκα, η῾῀κα, τὰ δύο μόνα τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ει᾿ς Ω κλίνονται ει᾿ς πάσας τὰς ε᾿γκλίσεις, τὰ δὲ γʹ ου᾿χι´; ∆ιότι τὸ ει᾿῀πα διὰ τοῦ Ψ ω᾿´φειλεν ε᾿κφέρεσθαι, ὡς τὸ γράψω ε᾿´γραψα, ὁμοίως καὶ τὸ η᾿´νεγκα διὰ τοῦ Ξ· ε᾿νε´γξω γάρ ε᾿στιν ὁ μέλλων· ου᾿κ ἐγένετο δὲ ου῾´τως, α᾿λλὰ τὸ μὲν διὰ τοῦ Π, τὸ δὲ διὰ τοῦ Κ· τὸ δὲ Κ συγγένειαν ε᾿´χει πρὸς τὸ Ξ, καὶ τὸ Π πρὸς τὸ Ψ· ει᾿κο´τως, ὡς μέρος τι τῆς α᾿ναλογίας φυλάξαντα,