HORTATORY ADDRESS TO THE GREEKS BY SAINT JUSTIN, PHILOSOPHER AND MARTYR.

 Alas, with my own eyes I see a dear man pursued around the wall and my heart grieves for him. And what he says about the other gods conspiring agains

 Artemis the archer, sister of the far-shooter. And against Leto stood the strong, helpful Hermes. These and such things Homer taught you about the god

 ...s of you you say have become of piety, some declaring water to be the beginning of all things, others air, others fire, others some other of the af

 Of all of them who had spoken, Thales, the eldest of them all, says that the principle of existing things is water for he says that all things are fr

 having denied it, later says in his conceptions that it is this very thing. Moreover, having formerly declared that everything that has come into bein

 having established for I do not attempt to prove these things from the divine histories among us alone, which you are not yet willing to believe beca

 to organize affairs in Egypt, but also to establish the warrior class with laws. And fourth, they say that Bocchoris the king became a lawgiver, a wis

 it happened that there were once God-fearing men, as you say the oracle declared: Only the Chaldeans obtained wisdom, and also the Hebrews, purely rev

 of wise men or orators, should one wish to make mention, he will find that they have written their own compositions in the letters of the Greeks. But

 it is fitting that it should appear clearly and manifestly. It is necessary, therefore, for you, O men of Greece, foreseeing the things to come and lo

 And in the Oracles it is thus: I adjure you, Heaven, the wise work of the great God, I adjure you, Voice of the Father, which He first uttered, When H

 the poem to fall from its meter, lest he should seem not to have first mentioned the name of the gods. But a little later he sets forth clearly and pl

 he should cause Meletus to be against himself, accusing him before the Athenians and saying: Plato does wrong and is a busybody, not believing in the

 that only disobedience was cast out, but not knowing that they were also persuaded that non-existent gods existed, they passed on the name of the gods

 light, constructs that which comes to be. But perhaps some, not wishing to abandon the doctrines of polytheism, will say that the demiurge himself sai

 having. For it does not seem to me that what was said by Phoenix was said simply: Not even if the god himself should promise me, scraping off old age,

 wishing to confirm what has been said of participation, Plato has written thus in these very words: God, then, as the old saying has it, holding the b

 having heard from one who had come back to life and was relating the things there, has written thus in his very words: For he said that he was present

 poetry, Diodorus, the most renowned of the historians, sufficiently teaches us. For he said that he, having been in Egypt, had learned that Nepenthes,

 to set up the battle-cry of much-lamented war They were eager to place Ossa upon Olympus, but upon Ossa Pelion with its shaking leaves, that heaven m

 and concerning the heaven that came into being that the created heaven, which he also named the firmament, this is the perceptible one that came into

 proclaimed by the name. For, fearing to call the gift of God Holy Spirit, lest he should seem to be an enemy of the Greeks by following the teaching

 supposed them to have the forms of men, you will find that they learned this also from the divine history. For since the history of Moses says, from t

 to you Socrates, the wisest of the wise, to whom even your oracle, as you yourselves say, testifies, saying: Of all men Socrates is the wisest, confes

 It will be easy for you to learn in part the true worship of God from the ancient Sibyl, who teaches you by oracles from some powerful inspiration, th

 it is clear that he said this about the oracle-givers, looking to the oracles of the Sibyl. For he spoke thus: When they succeed in saying many and gr

 Tatian's Address to the Greeks. Do not be so very hostile towards the barbarians, O men of Greece, nor be envious of their doctrines. For what pursuit

 very savagely, having imprisoned his own friend for not wanting to worship him, carried him around like a bear or a leopard. Indeed, he completely fol

 selecting places for their covetousness *** the prominent. But one ought not flatter the leaders with the prospect of kingship, but to wait until the

 I have chosen to order the unordered matter in you, and just as the Word, having been begotten in the beginning, in turn begot our creation for himsel

 not according to fate, but by the free will of those who choose, he foretold the outcomes of future events and he became a hinderer of wickedness thro

 with baubles of the earth he deceived the motherless and orphaned girl. Poseidon sails, Ares delights in wars, Apollo is a cithara player, Dionysus is

 of a kingdom, *** were turned into constellations by the shaping of letters? And how is Kronos, who was fettered and cast out of his kingdom, appointe

 of faith with glory become but the poor man and the most moderate, desiring the things that are his own, more easily gets by. Why, I ask, according to

 were zealous to be but the Lord of all allowed them to luxuriate until the world, having reached its end, should be dissolved, and the judge should a

 refusing a suffering god, they were shown to be fighters against God rather than God-fearing. You too are such men, O Greeks, talkative in words, but

 of the spirit But when the tabernacle is not of such a kind, man excels the beasts only in articulate speech, but in other respects his way of life i

 causes, when they happen, they ascribe to themselves, attacking whenever weariness overtakes them. But there are times when they themselves by a tempe

 For if it were so, much more would he ward off his own enemy from himself for being able to help others also, he will much more become his own avenge

 you? Therefore if you say that one ought not to fear death, sharing our doctrines, die not because of human vainglory, as Anaxarchus did, but for the

 Unable to explain those things, because of the impossibility of their theory, they have blamed the tides, and of the seas, one being weedy and the oth

 For what sort are your teachings? Who would not mock your public festivals, which, being celebrated under the pretext of wicked demons, turn men to di

 providing it, feeding it with the most ungodly bloodshed. For the robber kills for the sake of taking, but the rich man buys gladiators for the sake o

 dedications, and those who read are as with the jar of the Danaids. Why do you divide time for me, saying that one part of it is past, another present

 the conception which I have concerning all things, this I do not hide. Why do you advise me to deceive the state? Why, while saying to despise death,

 but again it will be dissolved, if we obey the word of God and do not scatter ourselves. For he has gained control of our possessions through a certai

 Archilochus flourished around the twenty-third Olympiad, in the time of Gyges the Lydian, five hundred years after the Trojan War. And concerning the

 the nonsense of affairs for the Greeks. For the pursuits of your customs are rather foolish through great glory and behave disgracefully through the w

 seeing the figures of the strife and of Eteocles, and not having thrown them into a pit with Pythagoras who made them, do you destroy along with them

 For what is difficult about men who have been shown to be ignorant being now refuted by a man of like passions? And what is strange, according to your

 maios. The time from Inachus until the capture of Ilium completes twenty generations and the proof is in this manner. The kings of the Argives were th

 our laws, and what the learned men among the Greeks have said, and how many and who they are who have mentioned them, will be shown in the treatise A

 God and what is the creation according to him, I present myself ready to you for the examination of the doctrines, while my way of life according to G

you? Therefore if you say that one ought not to fear death, sharing our doctrines, die not because of human vainglory, as Anaxarchus did, but for the sake of the knowledge of God, become despisers of death. For the constitution of the world is beautiful, but the way of life in it is worthless; and just as at a festival it is possible to see those who do not know God being made a spectacle. For what is divination? And why are you led astray by it? It is a servant to you of the greeds in the world. You want to make war, and you take Apollo as a counselor for murders; you want to seize a maiden, and you choose the demon to be your fellow-combatant; you are sick because of yourself and, just like Agamemnon his ten counselors, you want to have gods with you. A certain woman, having drunk water, raves, and through incense becomes senseless, and you say that such a one prophesies. Apollo was a foreknower and a teacher of those who prophesy; in the case of Daphne he deceived himself. An oak, tell me, prophesies, and again birds foretell, and are you inferior to animals and plants? It is a fine thing, then, for you to become a prophetic piece of wood and to interpret the flight of those that travel in the air. He who makes you a lover of money, this one also prophesies to you about being rich; he who stirs up seditions and battles also foretells about victory in war. If you are superior to the passions, you will despise all things in the world. Do not detest us for being such, but having rejected the demons, follow the only God. All things were made by him, and without him was not anything made. But if there is poison in the things that grow, this has come about because of our sinfulness. I am able to show the dispensation of these things; you listen, and he who believes will understand. And if you are healed by medicines (I permit you by way of concession), you ought to ascribe the testimony to God. For the world still drags us down, and because of weakness I seek after matter. For the winging of the soul is the perfect spirit, which having cast off because of sin, it cowered like a chick and became earth-bound, and having departed from the heavenly company, it longed for a share in lesser things. For the demons were made to change their abode, and the first-formed were banished; and the one group was cast down from heaven, the other from earth, but not from this one, but from a better constitution than the one here. And it is necessary, then, for us who long for our original state to renounce everything that stands in our way. For heaven is not infinite, O man, but finite and with a limit; and beyond it are the better aeons not having a change of seasons, through which various diseases are established, but having partaken of all good temperament, they have a day that abides and a light inaccessible to men from here. Those, therefore, who have labored on geographies, as far as it was possible for man, have made a description of the regions, but the things beyond

ὑμᾶς; ὅθεν εἴ φατε μὴ δεῖν δεδιέναι τὸν θάνατον, κοινωνοῦντες ἡμῶν τοῖς δόγμασι μὴ διὰ τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην δοξομανίαν, ὡς Ἀνάξαρχος, ἀποθνήσκετε, χάριν δὲ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ γνώσεως τοῦ θανάτου καταφρονηταὶ γίνεσθε. κόσμου μὲν γὰρ ἡ κατασκευὴ καλή, τὸ δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ πολίτευμα φαῦλον· καὶ καθάπερ ἐν πανη γύρει θεατροκοπουμένους ἔνεστιν ἰδεῖν τοὺς οὐκ εἰδότας τὸν θεόν. τί γάρ ἐστι μαντική; τί δὲ ὑπ' αὐτῆς πεπλάνησθε; τῶν ἐν κόσμῳ πλεονεξιῶν ἐστί σοι διάκονος. πολεμεῖν θέλεις καὶ τῶν φόνων λαμβάνεις σύμβουλον τὸν Ἀπόλλω· κόρην ἁρπάσαι θέλεις καὶ τὸ δαιμόνιόν σοι συναγωνίσασθαι προαιρῇ· νοσεῖς διὰ σεαυτὸν καί, ὥσπερ Ἀγαμέμνων δέκα συμφράδμονας, εἶναι θέλεις μετὰ σεαυτοῦ θεούς. πιοῦσά τις ὕδωρ μαίνεται καὶ διὰ λιβάνων ἔκφρων γίνεται, καὶ σὺ τὴν τοιαύτην μαντεύ εσθαι λέγεις. προγνώστης ὑπῆρχεν ὁ Ἀπόλλων καὶ τῶν μαν τευομένων διδάσκαλος· ἐπὶ τῆς ∆άφνης ἑαυτὸν ἐψεύσατο. δρῦς, εἰπέ μοι, μαντεύεται καὶ πάλιν ὄρνιθες προαγορεύουσι, σὺ δὲ τῶν ζώων καὶ φυτῶν ἐλάττων ὑπάρχεις; καλὸν ἄρα σοι γενέσθαι ξύλῳ μαντικῷ καὶ τῶν ἀεροφοίτων τὴν πτῆσιν λαμβάνειν. ὁ ποιῶν σε φιλάργυρον, οὗτος καὶ περὶ τοῦ πλουτεῖν σοι μαν τεύεται· στάσεις καὶ μάχας ὁ ἐγείρων καὶ περὶ τῆς ἐν πολέμῳ νίκης προαγορεύει. τῶν παθῶν ἂν ὑπάρχῃς ἀνώτερος, τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ πάντων καταφρονήσεις. τοιούτους ἡμᾶς ὄντας μὴ ἀποστυγήσητε, ἀλλὰ παραιτησάμενοι τοὺς δαίμονας θεῷ τῷ μόνῳ κατακολουθήσατε. πάντα ὑπ' αὐτοῦ καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ γέ γονεν οὐδὲ ἕν. εἰ δὲ ἔστιν ἐν τοῖς φυομένοις δηλητήριον, τοῦτο διὰ τὸ ἐνάμαρτον ἡμῶν ἐπισυμβέβηκεν. ἔχω δεικνύειν τὴν τούτων οἰκονομίαν· ὑμεῖς κατακούσατε, καὶ ὁ πιστεύων ἐπι γνώσεται. Κἂν θεραπεύησθε φαρμάκοις (κατὰ συγγνώμην ἐπιτρέπω σοι), τὴν μαρτυρίαν προσάπτειν σε δεῖ τῷ θεῷ. κόσμος γὰρ ἡμᾶς ἔτι καθέλκει, καὶ δι' ἀτονίαν τὴν ὕλην ἐπι ζητῶ. πτέρωσις γὰρ ἡ τῆς ψυχῆς πνεῦμα τὸ τέλειον, ὅπερ ἀπορρίψασα διὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἔπτηξεν ὥσπερ νεοσσὸς καὶ χαμαιπετὴς ἐγένετο, μεταβᾶσα δὲ τῆς οὐρανίου συνουσίας τῶν ἐλαττόνων μετουσίαν ἐπεπόθησεν. μετῳκίσθησαν γὰρ οἱ δαί μονες, ἐξωρίσθησαν δὲ οἱ πρωτόπλαστοι· καὶ οἱ μὲν ἀπ' οὐ ρανοῦ κατεβλήθησαν, οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ γῆς μὲν ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκ ταύτης, κρείττονος δὲ τῆς ἐνταυθοῖ διακοσμήσεως. καὶ χρὴ λοιπὸν ἡμᾶς ἐπιποθήσαντας τὸ ἀρχαῖον παραιτήσασθαι πᾶν τὸ ἐμποδὼν γινόμενον. οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ ἄπειρος ὁ οὐρανός, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, πεπερασμένος δὲ καὶ ἐν τέρματι· τὰ δὲ ὑπὲρ τοῦτον αἰῶνες οἱ κρείττονες οὐ μεταβολὴν ὡρῶν ἔχοντες, δι' ὧν ποικίλαι νόσοι καθίστανται, πάσης δὲ εὐκρασίας μετειληφότες ἡμέραν ἔχουσι διαμένουσαν καὶ φέγγος τοῖς ἐντεῦθεν ἀνθρώποις ἀπρόσιτον. οἱ μὲν οὖν τὰς γεωγραφίας ἐκπονέσαντες, μέχρις ἦν δυνατὸν ἀνθρώπῳ, τῶν χωρίων· τὴν ἀναγραφὴν ἐποιήσαντο, τὰ δ' ἐπέ