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the sight of the flame. And there was fear and pleasure, the one entering the soul through the ears, the other through the eyes; but the nobility of those young men was convicted by none of these things; but just as falling into the fire they mastered the flame, so they scorned every desire and agony. For the devil had prepared all these things on their account; for he was not concerned about the subjects, but was very confident that no one would oppose the law of the king; but when all had fallen and were defeated, then the boys alone are brought into the midst, so that in this way the victory might become more glorious, with them conquering and being proclaimed in so great a multitude. For it would not have been so wondrous if, with no one having been tripped up, these men had come forward and been the first to act bravely. But the greatest and most paradoxical thing is that the multitude of those who had fallen did not frighten them, nor weaken them, nor did they say to themselves anything of the sort that many are often accustomed to say: "For if we were going to be the first and only ones to worship the image, what was happening would be a crime; but if we do this with so many myriads, who will not grant pardon? Who will not deem us worthy of a defense?" But they neither said nor thought anything of the sort, seeing the falls of so many tyrants. But consider for me also the villainy of those who slandered them, how maliciously and bitterly they accused them. For there are, he says, certain Jewish men, whom you have set over the affairs of the province of Babylon; for they did not simply mention their nationality, but they also reminded him of the honor given them, so that they might kindle the king’s anger, as if to say that, "You made slaves, captives, men without a city, rulers over us; and they insult such great honor, and act insolently toward the one who honored them." For this reason they say: "The Jews, whom you have set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, have not obeyed your decree, and they do not serve your gods." The accusation is the greatest praise, and the charges become encomiums, and the testimony is above suspicion, since their enemies provide it. What then of the king? He ordered them to be brought into the midst so as to frighten them from all sides. But nothing terrified them, not the anger of the king, not being apprehended alone in the midst of so many, not the sight of the fire, not the sounding trumpets, not everyone looking fire at them, but scorning all these things, as if they were about to fall into a cool spring of water, they went into the furnace, uttering that blessed voice, that "We do not serve your gods, nor do we worship the golden image that you have set up." And I have not brought up this story for no reason, but so that you might learn that even if there is a king's anger, or a plot of soldiers, or envy of enemies, or captivity, or desolation, 49.66 or fire, or a furnace, or ten thousand terrible things, nothing will be able to convict or frighten the righteous man. 49.66 For if, where the king was impious, the young men were not terrified by the tyrant's anger, much more ought we to be courageous, having a philanthropic and gentle king, and to give thanks to God for this affliction, having learned from what has been said, that afflictions make more glorious, both with God and with men, those who know how to bear them nobly. For if these men had not become slaves, we would not have known their freedom; if they had not become captives, we would not have learned of the nobility of their soul; if they had not fallen from their homeland below, we would not have known the virtue of their citizenship above; if the king on earth had not been angry with them, we would not have learned of the goodwill that the heavenly king had for them.

5. And so you, if you have him well-disposed, even if you fall into a furnace, do not despair; just as, if he is angry, even if you are in paradise, do not be confident. For Adam was in paradise, and since he angered God, paradise availed him nothing; these men were in a furnace, and since they were well-pleasing, the furnace did them no harm; Adam was in paradise, and since he was heedless, he was tripped up; on a dunghill sat the

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τῆς φλογὸς ἡ ὄψις. Καὶ ἦν φόβος καὶ ἡδονὴ, ἡ μὲν διὰ τῶν ὤτων, ὁ δὲ διὰ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἐπεισιὼν τῇ ψυχῇ· ἀλλὰ τὸ γενναῖον τῶν νεανίσκων ἐκείνων οὐδὲν τούτων ἤλεγξεν· ἀλλ' ὥσπερ εἰς τὸ πῦρ ἐμπεσόντες ἐκράτησαν τῆς φλογὸς, οὕτω πάσης ἐπιθυμίας καὶ ἀγωνίας κατεγέλασαν. Πάντα γὰρ ταῦτα δι' ἐκείνους ὁ διάβολος προπαρεσκεύασαν· οὐ γὰρ περὶ τῶν ὑπηκόων ἠμφισβήτει, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα ἐθάῤῥει, ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἀντιπεσεῖται τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ βασιλέως· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἅπαντες ἔπεσον καὶ ἡττήθησαν, τότε εἰς μέσον οἱ παῖδες ἄγονται μόνοι, ἵνα καὶ ταύτῃ ἡ νίκη λαμπροτέρα γένηται, ἐν τοσούτῳ πλήθει νικώντων καὶ ἀνακηρυττομένων αὐτῶν, Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἦν οὕτω θαυμαστὸν, εἰ μηδενὸς ὑποσκελισθέντος οὗτοι παρελθόντες ἠνδρίσαντο πρῶτοι. Τὸ δὲ μέγιστον καὶ παράδοξον, ὅτι τῶν πεπτωκότων τὸ πλῆθος οὐκ ἐφόβησεν αὐτοὺς, οὐδὲ ἐξέλυσεν, οὐδὲ εἶπον πρὸς ἑαυτούς τι τοιοῦτον, ὃ πολλοὶ πολλάκις λέγειν εἰώθασιν· Εἰ μὲν γὰρ πρῶτοι καὶ μόνοι προσκυνεῖν ἡμεῖς ἐμέλλομεν τὴν εἰκόνα, ἔγκλημα τὸ γινόμενον ἦν· εἰ δὲ μετὰ τοσούτων μυριάδων τοῦτο ποιοῦμεν, τίς οὐ δώσει συγγνώμην; τίς ἀπολογίας οὐκ ἀξιώσει; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν οὔτε εἶπον, οὔτε ἐνενόησάν τι τοιοῦτον ἐκεῖνοι, τὰ πτώματα τῶν τοσούτων ἰδόντες τυράννων. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει καὶ τῶν διαβαλλόντων αὐτοὺς τὴν κακουργίαν, πῶς καὶ κακοήθως αὐτῶν καὶ πικρῶς κατηγόρησαν ἐκεῖνοι. Εἰσὶ γὰρ, φησὶν, ἄνδρες Ἰουδαῖοι, οὓς κατέστησας ἐπὶ τὰ ἔργα τῆς χώρας Βαβυλῶνος· οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς ἐμνημόνευσαν τοῦ ἔθνους, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς τιμῆς ἀνέμνησαν, ἵνα ἐκκαύσωσι τὴν τοῦ βασιλέως ὀργὴν, μονονουχὶ λέγοντες, ὅτι τοὺς δούλους, τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους, τοὺς ἀπόλιδας, ἄρχοντας ἡμῶν ἐποίησας· οἱ δὲ καὶ τὴν τοσαύτην τιμὴν ὑβρίζουσι, καὶ παροινοῦσιν εἰς τὸν τετιμηκότα. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο λέγουσιν· Οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, οὓς κατέστησας ἐπὶ τὰ ἔργα τῆς χώρας Βαβυλῶνος, οὐχ ὑπήκουσαν τῷ δόγματί σου, καὶ τοῖς θεοῖς σου οὐ λατρεύουσι. Μέγιστος ἔπαινος ἡ κατηγορία, καὶ τὰ ἐγκλήματα ἐγκώμια γίνεται, καὶ ἡ μαρτυρία ἀνύποπτος, τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτὴν παρεχομένων. Τί οὖν ὁ βασιλεύς; Ἐκέλευσεν εἰς μέσον ἀχθῆναι αὐτοὺς ὥστε πάντοθεν αὐτοὺς φοβῆσαι. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ἐκείνους ἐξέπληξεν, οὐχ ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ βασιλέως, οὐ τὸ μόνους ἐν μέσῳ τοσούτων ἀπειλῆφθαι, οὐ τὸ πῦρ ὁρώμενον, οὐχ αἱ σάλπιγγες ἠχοῦσαι, οὐ πάντες εἰς αὐτοὺς πῦρ βλέποντες, ἀλλὰ πάντων τούτων καταγελάσαντες, ὡς εἰς ψυχρὰν πηγὴν ὑδάτων ἐμπίπτειν μέλλοντες, ἐπὶ τὴν κάμινον εἰσῄεσαν, τὴν μακαρίαν ἐκείνην ἀφιέντες φωνὴν, ὅτι Τοῖς θεοῖς σου οὐ λατρεύομεν, καὶ τῇ εἰκόνι τῇ χρυσῇ ᾗ ἔστησας οὐ προσκυνοῦμεν. Καὶ ταύτην οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἐκίνησα τὴν ἱστορίαν, ἀλλ' ἵνα μάθητε, ὅτι κἂν θυμὸς ᾖ βασιλικὸς, κἂν ἐπιβουλὴ στρατιωτῶν, κἂν φθόνος ἐχθρῶν, κἂν αἰχμαλωσία, κἂν ἐρημία, 49.66 κἂν πῦρ, κἂν κάμινος, κἂν μυρία δεινὰ, τὸν δίκαιον 49.66 οὐδὲν ἐλέγξαι οὐδὲ φοβῆσαι δυνήσεται. Εἰ γὰρ, ἔνθα ἀσεβὴς ἦν ὁ βασιλεὺς, οὐκ ἐξεπλάγησαν οἱ νεανίσκοι τὸν τοῦ. τυράννου θυμὸν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς θαῤῥεῖν χρὴ, φιλάνθρωπον καὶ ἥμερον ἔχοντας βασιλέα, καὶ χάριν εἰδέναι τῷ Θεῷ τῆς θλίψεως ταύτης, ἀπὸ τῶν εἰρημένων μαθόντας, ὅτι αἱ θλίψεις λαμπροτέρους ποιοῦσι, καὶ παρὰ Θεῷ, καὶ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις, τοὺς εἰδότας αὐτὰς φέρειν γενναίως. Καὶ γὰρ, εἰ μὴ ἐγένοντο οὗτοι δοῦλοι, οὐκ ἂν ἔγνωμεν αὐτῶν τὴν ἐλευθερίαν· εἰ μὴ αἰχμάλωτοι ἐγένοντο, οὐκ ἂν αὐτῶν ἐμάθομεν τὴν εὐγένειαν τῆς ψυχῆς· εἰ μὴ τῆς κάτω πατρίδος ἐξέπεσον, οὐκ ἂν ἔγνωμεν τῆς ἄνω πολιτείας αὐτῶν τὴν ἀρετήν· εἰ μὴ ὠργίσθη αὐτοῖς ὁ ἐν τῇ γῇ βασιλεὺς, οὐκ ἂν ἐμάθομεν τὴν εὔνοιαν, ἣν εἶχε περὶ αὐτοὺς ὁ ἐπουράνιος βασιλεύς.

εʹ. Καὶ σὺ τοίνυν ἐὰν ἔχῃς ἐκεῖνον εὐμενῆ, κἂν εἰς κάμινον ἐμπέσῃς, μὴ ἀπογνῷς· ὥσπερ ἂν ὀργίζηται, κἂν ἐν παραδείσῳ ᾖς, μὴ θαῤῥήσῃς. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν παραδείσῳ ἦν ὁ. Ἀδὰμ, καὶ ἐπειδὴ Θεὸν παρώργισεν, οὐδὲν ὠφέλησεν ὁ παράδεισος· ἐν καμίνῳ ἦσαν οὗτοι, καὶ ἐπειδὴ εὐδοκίμησαν, οὐδὲν ἔβλαψεν ἡ κάμινος· ἐν παραδείσῳ ἦν ὁ Ἀδὰμ, καὶ ἐπειδὴ ῥᾴθυμος ἦν, ὑπεσκελίσθη· ἐν κοπρίᾳ ἐκάθητο ὁ