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testifying to what has been said; for having said, "The Jerusalem above is our mother," and having so called the Church, he presents the prophet as voting for the same things as himself; For, "Rejoice," he says, "O barren one who does not bear; break forth and cry aloud, you who are not in labor! For the children of the desolate one are more than of her who has a husband." Who then is the barren one, and who was desolate before this? Is it not clear that it is the Church from the Gentiles, deprived of the knowledge 61.663 of God? And who is she who has a husband? Is it not clear that it is the synagogue? But nevertheless, the barren one has surpassed her in the multitude of her children. For that one has one nation; but the children of the Church have filled Greece, the barbarian land, the earth, the sea, the whole inhabited world.

Do you see how through deeds Sarah, and through words the prophet, outlined for us the things to come? But consider: Isaiah called her barren, and showed this one becoming the mother of many children. This also happened typically in the case of Sarah; for she too, being barren, became the mother of a multitude of offspring. But for Paul even these things are not sufficient, but he also carefully examines how the barren one became a mother, in order that from this too he might bring the type to the truth. Therefore he also adds, saying: "But we, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise." For not only was the Church barren, like Sarah, nor did she only become the mother of many children, like her, but she also gave birth in the same way as Sarah. For just as nature did not make her a mother, but the promise of God (for he who said, "At this time I will come, and Sarah shall have a son," he, entering into her womb, formed the infant); so also in our regeneration there is no nature, but the words of God spoken through the priest, which the faithful know, these, in the font of waters, as in a kind of womb, form and regenerate the one being baptized. Therefore if we are children of the barren one, we are also free. And what sort of freedom is this, someone might say, when the Jews seize and scourge those who have believed, and those who seem to be free are persecuted? for these things were happening then, when the faithful were being persecuted. But let not this trouble you, he says; for this too was anticipated in the type; for Isaac, being free, was persecuted by the slave, Ishmael. Therefore he also adds, saying: "But just as at that time he who was born according to the flesh persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, so also it is now." "But what does the Scripture say? 'Cast out the son of the bondwoman; for the son of the bondwoman shall not inherit with the son of the free woman.'" What then? Is this 61.664 the whole consolation, that the free are shown to be persecuted by the slaves? No, he says; for I do not stop here, but hear also what follows, and then you will receive sufficient comfort, not being faint-hearted in persecutions. What then follows? "Cast out the son of the bondwoman; for he shall not inherit with the son of the free woman." Do you see the wages of temporary tyranny and of untimely madness? The son falls away from his paternal inheritance, and becomes a fugitive and a wanderer with his mother. But consider for me the wisdom of what has been said. For he did not say only that he was cast out because he persecuted, but, "that he might not inherit." For it was not as punishment for the temporary persecution that this was demanded of him (for this is a small thing, and nothing compared to that); but he did not permit him to become a sharer of the things prepared for the child, showing that even apart from the persecution, this had been prefigured from above, not taking its beginning from the persecution, but from the will of God. And he did not say, "The son of Abraham shall not inherit," but, "The son of the bondwoman," calling him by the inferior lineage. But Sarah was barren; for the Church from the Gentiles was also such. Do you see the type being preserved through all things? For just as in all the preceding years she, not bearing, becomes a mother in her extreme old age. so

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μαρτυροῦντα τοῖς εἰρημένοις· εἰπὼν γὰρ, Ἡ ἄνω Ἱερουσαλὴμ μήτηρ ἡμῶν ἐστι, καὶ τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν οὕτω καλέσας, παρίστησι τὸν προφήτην τὰ αὐτὰ αὐτῷ ψηφιζόμενον· Εὐφράνθητι γὰρ, φησὶ, στεῖρα ἡ οὐ τίκτουσα, ῥῆξον καὶ βόησον ἡ οὐκ ὠδίνουσα, ὅτι πολλὰ τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον, ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τὸν ἄνδρα. Τίς οὖν ἡ στεῖρα, καὶ τίς ἡ ἔρημος πρὸ τούτου; οὐκ εὔδηλον ὅτι ἡ ἐξ ἐθνῶν Ἐκκλησία, τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ γνώ 61.663 σεως ἀπεστερημένη; Τίς δὲ ἡ τὸν ἄνδρα ἔχουσα; οὐκ εὔδηλον ὅτι ἡ συναγωγή; Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐνίκησεν αὐτὴν τῇ πολυπαιδίᾳ ἡ στεῖρα. Ἐκείνη μὲν γὰρ ἓν ἔθνος ἔχει· τὰ δὲ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τέκνα τὴν Ἑλλάδα, τὴν βάρβαρον, τὴν γῆν, τὴν θάλατταν, τὴν οἰκουμένην ἅπασαν ἐνέπλησεν.

Εἶδες πῶς διὰ μὲν πραγμάτων ἡ Σάῤῥα, διὰ δὲ ῥημάτων ὁ προφήτης τὰ μέλλοντα ἡμῖν ὑπέγραψαν; Σκόπει δέ· Στεῖραν ἐκάλεσεν ὁ Ἡσαΐας, καὶ ταύτην ἔδειξε πολύπαιδα γενομένην. Τοῦτο τυπικῶς καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς Σάῤῥας συνέβη· καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὕτη στεῖρα οὖσα, πλήθους ἐκγόνων ἐγένετο μήτηρ. Τῷ Παύλῳ δὲ οὐδὲ ταῦτα ἀπόχρη, ἀλλὰ καὶ πῶς ἐγένετο μήτηρ ἡ στεῖρα περιεργάζεται, ἵνα καὶ ἐντεῦθεν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ προσαγάγῃ τὸν τύπον. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἐπάγει λέγων· Ἡμεῖς δὲ, ἀδελφοὶ, κατὰ Ἰσαὰκ ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα ἐσμέν. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον στεῖρα ἦν ἡ Ἐκκλησία, ὥσπερ ἡ Σάῤῥα, οὐδὲ μόνον πολύπαις ἐγένετο, ὥσπερ ἐκείνη, ἀλλὰ καὶ οὕτως ἐγέννησεν, ὥσπερ ἡ Σάῤῥα. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐκείνην μητέρα οὐχ ἡ φύσις εἰργάσατο, ἀλλ' ἡ ἐπαγγελία τοῦ Θεοῦ (ὁ γὰρ εἰρηκὼς, Κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον ἐλεύσομαι, καὶ ἔσται τῇ Σάῤῥᾳ υἱὸς, οὗτος εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὴν νηδὺν, τὸ βρέφος διέπλασεν)· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀναγεννήσεως τῆς ἡμετέρας φύσις μὲν οὐδεμία, τὰ δὲ ῥήματα τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τοῦ ἱερέως λεγόμενα, ἅπερ ἴσασιν οἱ πιστοὶ, ταῦτα ἐν τῇ κολυμβήθρᾳ τῶν ὑδάτων, καθάπερ ἐν νηδύϊ τινὶ, διαπλάττει καὶ ἀναγεννᾷ τὸν βαπτιζόμενον. Οὐκοῦν εἰ τῆς στείρας ἐσμὲν παῖδες, καὶ ἐλεύθεροί ἐσμεν. Καὶ ποία αὕτη ἐλευθερία, εἴποι τις ἂν, ὅταν οἱ μὲν Ἰουδαῖοι κατέχωσι καὶ μαστίζωσι τοὺς πιστεύσαντας, οἱ δὲ δοκοῦντες ἐλεύθεροι εἶναι διώκωνται; ταῦτα γὰρ τότε συνέβαινε, τῶν πιστῶν διωκομένων. Ἀλλὰ μηδὲ τοῦτο ὑμᾶς θορυβείτω, φησί· καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο προέλαβεν ἐν τῷ τύπῳ· ὁ γὰρ Ἰσαὰκ ἐλεύθερος ὢν, ὑπὸ τοῦ δούλου Ἰσμαὴλ ἐδιώκετο. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἐπάγει λέγων· Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τότε ὁ κατὰ σάρκα γεννηθεὶς ἐδίωκε τὸν κατὰ πνεῦμα, οὕτω καὶ νῦν. Ἀλλὰ τί λέγει ἡ Γραφή; Ἔκβαλε τὸν υἱὸν τῆς παιδίσκης οὐ γὰρ μὴ κληρονομήσει ὁ υἱὸς τῆς παιδίσκης μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἐλευθέρας. Τί οὖν; αὕτη 61.664 ἡ παράκλησις πᾶσα τὸ δειχθῆναι τοὺς ἐλευθέρους ὑπὸ τῶν δούλων διώκεσθαι; Οὐχὶ, φησίν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐνταῦθα ἵσταμαι, ἀλλ' ἄκουσον καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς, καὶ τότε λήψῃ παραμυθίαν ἱκανὴν, οὐ μικροψυχῶν τοῖς διωγμοῖς. Τίνα οὖν τὰ ἑξῆς; Ἔκβαλε τὸν υἱὸν τῆς παιδίσκης· οὐ γὰρ μὴ κληρονομήσει μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἐλευθέρας. Εἶδες τὰ ἐπίχειρα τῆς προσκαίρου τυραννίδος, καὶ τῆς ἀπονοίας τῆς ἀκαίρου, Ἐκπίπτει τῶν πατρῴων ὁ παῖς, καὶ γίνεται φυγὰς καὶ πλάνος μετὰ τῆς μητρός. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει τὴν σοφίαν τῶν εἰρημένων. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, ἐπειδὴ ἐδίωκε, διὰ τοῦτο ἐξεβάλλετο, μόνον, ἀλλ', ἵνα μὴ κληρονομήσῃ. Οὐ γὰρ τοῦ προσκαίρου διωγμοῦ τιμωρίαν αὐτὸν ἀπῄτει ταύτην (τοῦτο γὰρ μικρὸν, καὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς ἐκεῖνο)· ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀφῆκε γενέσθαι κοινωνὸν τῶν ἡτοιμασμένων τῷ παιδὶ, δεικνὺς ὅτι καὶ τοῦ διωγμοῦ χωρὶς τοῦτο ἄνωθεν αὐτὸ διατετυπωμένον ἦν, οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ διωγμοῦ τὴν ἀρχὴν λαβὸν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ γνώμης. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, Οὐ μὴ κληρονομήσει ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ, ἀλλ', Ὁ υἱὸς τῆς παιδίσκης, ἀπὸ τοῦ φαυλοτέρου γένους αὐτὸν καλῶν. Ἀλλ' ἡ Σάῤῥα στεῖρα ἦν· καὶ γὰρ ἡ ἐξ ἐθνῶν Ἐκκλησία τοιαύτη. Ὁρᾷς διὰ πάντων τὸν τύπον τηρούμενον; Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐν ὅλοις τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν ἔτεσιν ἐκείνη μὴ τίκτουσα, πρὸς ἐσχάτῳ γήρᾳ γίνεται μήτηρ. οὕτω