41

To these it must be said: for they do not differ from one another, except by a little time; for both these and those say the Son of God is a creature. What then shall we say to them? If a man washed men, he did not empty himself, he did not humble himself; if being 62.231 a man he did not grasp at being equal to God, he is not praiseworthy. For God, being God, to become man, is a great humiliation, ineffable, indescribable; but for one who is a man to do the things of men, what sort of humiliation is that? And where is the form of God called a work of God? For if he were a mere man, and is called the form of God because of his works, why do we not say the same of Peter? for he worked greater things than he. Why do you not also say of Paul, that he had the form of God? Why did not Paul, who did countless servile things, and refused nothing, introduce the example from himself? for he says: For we do not preach ourselves, but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your servants for Jesus' sake. These things are laughter and nonsense. He emptied himself, it says. How did he empty himself, tell me, and what is the emptying? and what is the humiliation? Was it because he worked miracles? But Paul and Peter did this also, so this is not peculiar to the Son. What then is it that he says, Being made in the likeness of men? He had many of our things, but many he did not have; for instance, he was not born from sexual union, for instance, he committed no sin. These things belonged to him, which belonged to no other men. He was not only what appeared, but also God. For he appeared as a man, but was not like the many, even if he was like them in the flesh. This then he says, that he was not a mere man; for this reason he says, In the likeness of men. We are soul and body; but he is God, and soul, and body. For this reason he says, In the likeness. For lest when you hear that He emptied Himself, you should think of a change and alteration and some kind of disappearance, Remaining, he says, what he was, he took what he was not, and having become flesh he remained God, being the Word. 3. So in this respect he is like a man, and for this reason he says, And in fashion; not saying this, that the nature changed, nor that any confusion occurred, but that he was in fashion. For having said, that He took the form of a servant, he then dared to say this also, as that silences everyone. Since also when he says, In the likeness of sinful flesh, he does not say this, that he did not have flesh, but that that flesh did not sin, but was like sinful flesh. In what way like? In nature, not in wickedness; for this reason it is like a sinful soul. Just as then in that case the "likeness" is because not all things were equal, so also here the "likeness" is because not all things were equal; for instance, not being from sexual union, being without sin, not being a mere man. And he rightly said, As a man; for he was not one of the many, but as one of the many. For God the Word was not changed into a man, nor was his substance altered, but he appeared as a man, not deluding us with a phantom, but teaching us humility. Therefore when he says, As a man, he means this; since elsewhere he also calls him a man, when he says: One God, and one mediator, the man Christ Jesus. We have spoken 62.232 also to these; and to those who say he did not take a soul, it is necessary to say: If the form of God is perfect God, then the form of a servant is a perfect servant. Again the argument is against the Arians. Being in the form of God, he says, he did not consider it robbery to be equal with God. Here concerning the divinity, nowhere is there "He became," nowhere is there "He took"; but, He emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in the likeness of men. Here concerning the humanity, there is "He took," and, "He became." This he became, this he took, that he was. Let us not then confuse, nor divide. One God, one Christ, the Son of God. But when I say, one, I mean a union, not a confusion, not of this nature changing into that, but being united. He humbled himself, becoming obedient unto

41

πρὸς τούτους ῥητέον· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἀλλήλων διεστήκασιν, ἀλλ' ἢ ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ· καὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι κἀκεῖνοι κτίσμα τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φασι. Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν πρὸς αὐτούς; Εἰ ἄνθρωπος ἀνθρώπους ἔνιψεν, οὐκ ἐκένωσεν, οὐκ ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν· εἰ ἄνθρωπος 62.231 ὢν οὐχ ἥρπασε τὸ εἶναι ἴσα Θεῷ, οὐκ ἐπαινετός. Τὸ μὲν Θεὸν ὄντα ἄνθρωπον γενέσθαι, πολλὴ ταπείνωσις, ἄφατος, ἀνεκδιήγητος· τὸ δὲ ἄνθρωπον ὄντα τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ποιεῖν, ποία ταπείνωσις; Ποῦ δὲ μορφὴ Θεοῦ, ἔργον Θεοῦ λέγεται; Εἰ γὰρ ἄνθρωπος ἦν ψιλὸς, καὶ διὰ τὰ ἔργα λέγεται μορφὴ Θεοῦ, διὰ τί μὴ καὶ ἐπὶ Πέτρου τὸ αὐτὸ λέγομεν; μείζονα γὰρ αὐτοῦ εἰργάσατο. ∆ιὰ τί μὴ καὶ ἐπὶ Παύλου λέγεις, ὅτι μορφὴν Θεοῦ εἶχε; διὰ τί μὴ καὶ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ τὸ παράδειγμα εἰσήνεγκε Παῦλος, ὁ μυρία πράξας δουλικὰ, καὶ μηδὲν παραιτησάμενος; λέγει γάρ· Οὐ γὰρ ἑαυτοὺς κηρύσσομεν, ἀλλὰ Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν Κύριον, ἑαυτοὺς δὲ δούλους ὑμῶν διὰ Ἰησοῦν. Γέλως ταῦτα καὶ φλυαρία. Ἐκένωσεν ἑαυτὸν, φησί. Πῶς ἐκένωσεν, εἰπὲ, καὶ τί ἡ κένωσις; καὶ τί ἡ ταπείνωσις; ἢ ἐπειδὴ θαύματα εἰργάσατο; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο ἐποίησε καὶ Παῦλος, καὶ Πέτρος, ὥστε οὐ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦτο ἐξαίρετον. Τί οὖν ἐστιν ὅ φησιν, Ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων γενόμενος; Πολλὰ μὲν εἶχεν ἡμέτερα, πολλὰ δὲ οὐκ εἶχεν· οἷον ἀπὸ συνουσίας οὐκ ἐτέχθη, οἷον ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἐποίησε. Ταῦτα ὑπῆρχεν αὐτῷ, ἃ μηδενὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων. Οὐκ ἦν τὸ φαινόμενον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ Θεός. Ἐφαίνετο μὲν γὰρ ἄνθρωπος, οὐκ ἦν δὲ τοῖς πολλοῖς ὅμοιος, εἰ καὶ τὴν σάρκα ὅμοιος ἦν. Τοῦτο οὖν λέγει, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν ψιλὸς ἄνθρωπος· διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, Ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων. Ἡμεῖς μὲν ψυχὴ καὶ σῶμά ἐσμεν· ἐκεῖνος δὲ Θεὸς, καὶ ψυχὴ, καὶ σῶμα. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησιν, Ἐν ὁμοιώματι. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ ἀκούσας, ὅτι Ἐκένωσεν ἑαυτὸν, μεταβολὴν νομίσῃς καὶ μετάπτωσιν καὶ ἀφανισμόν τινα, Μένων, φησὶν, ὃ ἦν, ἔλαβεν ὃ οὐκ ἦν, καὶ σὰρξ γενόμενος ἔμενε Θεὸς Λόγος ὤν. γʹ. Ὥστε κατὰ τοῦτο ὅμοιος ἀνθρώπῳ, καὶ διὰ τοῦτό φησι, Καὶ σχήματι· οὐ τοῦτο λέγων, ὅτι ἡ φύσις μετέπεσεν, οὐδὲ σύγχυσίς τις ἐγένετο, ἀλλὰ σχήματι ἐγένετο. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, ὅτι Μορφὴν δούλου ἔλαβεν, ἐθάρσησε λοιπὸν καὶ τοῦτο εἰπεῖν, ὡς ἐκείνου πάντας ἐπιστομίζοντος. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὅταν λέγῃ, Ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας, οὐ τοῦτό φησιν, ὅτι σάρκα οὐκ εἶχεν, ἀλλ' ὅτι ἡ σὰρξ ἐκείνη οὐχ ἥμαρτεν, ἀλλ' ὁμοία ἦν τῇ ἁμαρτωλῷ. Κατὰ τί ὁμοία; Κατὰ τὴν φύσιν, οὐ κατὰ τὴν κακίαν· διὰ τοῦτο ὁμοία ἁμαρτωλοῦ ψυχῆς. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἐκεῖ τὸ ὅμοιον διὰ τὸ μὴ πάντα εἶναι ἴσον, οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὁμοίωμα διὰ τὸ μὴ πάντα εἶναι ἴσα· οἷον τὸ μὴ ἐκ συνουσίας τὸ χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας, τὸ μὴ ψιλὸν ἄνθρωπον. Καὶ καλῶς εἶπεν, Ὡς ἄνθρωπος· οὐ γὰρ ἦν εἷς τῶν πολλῶν, ἀλλ' ὡς εἷς τῶν πολλῶν. Οὐ γὰρ εἰς ἄνθρωπον μετέπεσεν ὁ Θεὸς Λόγος, οὐδὲ οὐσία μετεβλήθη, ἀλλ' ὡς ἄνθρωπος ἐφάνη, οὐ φαντασιοκοπῶν ἡμᾶς, ἀλλὰ παιδεύων εἰς ταπεινοφροσύνην. Ὅταν οὖν εἴπῃ, Ὡς ἄνθρωπος, τοῦτό φησιν· ἐπεὶ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ φησιν αὐτὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὅταν λέγῃ· Εἷς Θεὸς, καὶ εἷς μεσίτης ἄνθρωπος Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς. Εἴρηται 62.232 ἡμῖν καὶ τὰ πρὸς τούτους· καὶ πρὸς τοὺς μὴ λέγοντας δὲ ἀνειληφέναι ψυχὴν, ἀναγκαῖον εἰπεῖν· Εἰ ἡ μορφὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ τέλειος Θεὸς, καὶ ἡ μορφὴ τοῦ δούλου τέλειος δοῦλος. Πάλιν πρὸς Ἀρειανοὺς ὁ λόγος. Μορφὴ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων, φησὶν, οὐχ ἁρπαγμὸν ἡγήσατο τὸ εἶναι ἴσα Θεῷ. Ἐνταῦθα περὶ τῆς θεότητος, οὐδαμοῦ τὸ, Ἐγένετο, οὐδαμοῦ τὸ, Ἔλαβεν· ἀλλ', Ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσε, μορφὴν δούλου λαβὼν, ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων γενόμενος. Ἐνταῦθα περὶ τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος, τὸ, Ἔλαβε, καὶ, Ἐγένετο. Τοῦτο ἐγένετο, τοῦτο ἔλαβεν, ἐκεῖνο ὑπῆρχε. Μὴ δὴ συγχέωμεν, μηδὲ διιστῶμεν. Εἷς Θεὸς, εἷς Χριστὸς, ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ. Τὸ δὲ, εἷς, ὅταν εἴπω, ἕνωσιν λέγω, οὐ σύγχυσιν, τῆς φύσεως ταύτης εἰς ἐκείνην μεταπεσούσης, ἀλλὰ ἡνωμένης. Ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτὸν, ὑπήκοος γενόμενος μέχρι