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to be the maker of existing things and their provider; for it is neither fitting nor consistent for one to be the maker of existing things, and another their provider; for thus both would certainly be in a state of weakness, the one in making, the other in providing. God, therefore, is both the maker and the provider, and His creative power and His sustaining and His provident power is His good will; "for whatever the Lord willed, he has done", and no one has stood against His will. He willed all things to come into being, and they came into being; He wills the world to be sustained, and it is sustained, and all things that He wills, come to be. That He provides, and that He provides well, one might most rightly consider thus: God alone is by nature good and wise; as good, therefore, He provides (for one who does not provide is not good; for even men and irrational animals naturally provide for their own offspring, and one who does not provide is blamed), and as wise, He takes care of existing things in the best way. Therefore, attending to these things, one must marvel at all, praise all, and accept all the works of providence without examination, even if they seem unjust to many because God's providence is unknown and incomprehensible. But I say all things that are not in our power; for the things in our power are not of providence, but of our own free will. Of providence, some things are according to good pleasure, and others according to permission. According to good pleasure are those things that are indisputably good, but of permission there are <many kinds>. For He often permits even the just man to fall into misfortunes, so that He might show to others the virtue hidden in him, as in the case of Job. At other times He permits something absurd to be done, so that through the action that seems absurd something great and wonderful might be accomplished, as through the cross the salvation of men. In another way He permits the holy one to suffer evil, so that he may not fall from a right conscience or, from the power and grace given to him, fall into arrogance, as in the case of Paul. Someone is abandoned for a time for the correction of another, so that others, observing what concerns him, might be instructed, as in the case of Lazarus and the rich man; for naturally, seeing some people suffering, we are restrained. Someone is also abandoned for the glory of another, not because of his own or his parents' sins, as the one blind from birth, for the glory of the Son of Man. Again, someone is permitted to suffer for the zeal of another, so that, the glory of the one who suffered having been magnified, the suffering may become unhesitating for others, in the hope of future glory and the desire for future good things, as in the case of the martyrs. Someone is also permitted at times to fall into a shameful act for the correction of another, worse passion, for instance, there is someone who is puffed up by his virtues and his achievements, God permits this person to fall into fornication, so that through the fall, having come to an awareness of his own weakness, he might be humbled and, coming forward, confess to the Lord. But it is necessary to know that the choice of actions is in our power, but the outcome of good things is from the cooperation of God, who justly cooperates with those who choose the good with a right conscience, according to His foreknowledge, and the outcome of evil things is from the abandonment of God, who again, according to His foreknowledge, justly abandons. Of abandonment there are two kinds: for there is a dispensational and instructive abandonment, and there is a complete abandonment unto despair. The dispensational and instructive abandonment is that which occurs for the correction and salvation and glory of the one suffering, or for the zeal and imitation of others, or for the glory of God; but the complete abandonment is when, after God has done all things for salvation, a person remains insensible and incurable, or rather, unhealable by his own choice; then he is handed over to complete destruction, as was Judas. May God spare us and deliver us from such abandonment. But it is necessary to know that the ways of God's providence are many and can neither be explained in speech nor comprehended by the mind. It must be known that all grim afflictions are brought for the salvation of those who receive them with thanksgiving and

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εἶναι ποιητὴν τῶν ὄντων καὶ προνοητήν· οὔτε γὰρ πρέπον οὔτε ἀκόλουθον ἄλλον μὲν ποιητὴν εἶναι τῶν ὄντων, ἄλλον δὲ προνοητήν· οὕτω γὰρ ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ πάντως εἰσὶν ἀμφότεροι, ὁ μὲν τοῦ ποιεῖν, ὁ δὲ τοῦ προνοεῖν. Ὁ θεὸς τοίνυν ἐστὶν ὅ τε ποιητὴς καὶ προνοητής, καὶ ἡ ποιητικὴ δὲ αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ ἡ συνεκτικὴ καὶ ἡ προνοητικὴ ἡ ἀγαθὴ αὐτοῦ θέλησίς ἐστι· «πάντα γάρ, ὅσα ἠθέλησεν, ὁ κύριος ἐποίησεν», καὶ τῷ θελήματι αὐτοῦ οὐδεὶς ἀνθέστηκεν. Ἠθέλησε γενέσθαι τὰ πάντα, καὶ γέγονε· θέλει συνίστασθαι τὸν κόσμον, καὶ συνίσταται, καὶ πάντα, ὅσα θέλει, γίνεται. Ὅτι δὲ προνοεῖ καὶ ὅτι καλῶς προνοεῖ, ὀρθότατα σκοπήσειεν ἄν τις οὕτως· Μόνος ὁ θεός ἐστι φύσει ἀγαθὸς καὶ σοφός· ὡς οὖν ἀγαθὸς προνοεῖ (ὁ γὰρ μὴ προνοῶν οὐκ ἀγαθός· καὶ γὰρ καὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ τὰ ἄλογα τῶν οἰκείων τέκνων προνοοῦνται φυσικῶς, καὶ ὁ μὴ προνοῶν ψέγεται), ὡς δὲ σοφὸς ἄριστα τῶν ὄντων ἐπιμελεῖται. Χρὴ τοίνυν τούτοις προσέχοντας πάντα θαυμάζειν, πάντα ἐπαινεῖν, πάντα ἀνεξετάστως ἀποδέχεσθαι τὰ τῆς προνοίας ἔργα, κἂν φαίνηται τοῖς πολλοῖς ἄδικα διὰ τὸ ἄγνωστον καὶ ἀκατάληπτον εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν πρόνοιαν. Πάντα δὲ λέγω τὰ οὐκ ἐφ' ἡμῖν· τὰ γὰρ ἐφ' ἡμῖν οὐ τῆς προνοίας ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἡμετέρου αὐτεξουσίου. Τῆς δὲ προνοίας τὰ μὲν κατ' εὐδοκίαν ἐστί, τὰ δὲ κατὰ συγχώρησιν· Κατ' εὐδοκίαν μέν, ὅσα ἀναντιρρήτως εἰσὶν ἀγαθά, κατὰ συγχώρησιν δὲ <εἴδη πολλά>. Συγχωρεῖ γὰρ πολλάκις καὶ τὸν δίκαιον περιπεσεῖν συμφοραῖς, ἵνα τὴν ἐν αὐτῷ λανθάνουσαν ἀρετὴν δείξῃ τοῖς ἄλλοις ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰώβ. Ἄλλοτε συγχωρεῖ τῶν ἀτόπων τι πραχθῆναι, ἵνα διὰ τῆς πράξεως τῆς δοκούσης ἀτόπου μέγα τι καὶ θαυμαστὸν κατορθωθῇ ὡς διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ τὴν σωτηρίαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων. Κατ' ἄλλον τρόπον συγχωρεῖ τὸν ὅσιον πάσχειν κακῶς, ἵνα μὴ ἐκ τοῦ ὀρθοῦ συνειδότος ἐκπέσῃ ἢ καὶ ἐκ τῆς δοθείσης αὐτῷ δυνάμεώς τε καὶ χάριτος εἰς ἀλαζονείαν ἐκπέσῃ ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ Παύλου. Ἐγκαταλείπεταί τις πρὸς καιρὸν πρὸς διόρθωσιν ἄλλου, ἵνα τὸ κατ' αὐτὸν σκοποῦντες οἱ ἄλλοι παιδεύωνται, ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ Λαζάρου καὶ τοῦ πλουσίου· φυσικῶς γὰρ ὁρῶντές τινας πάσχοντας συστελλόμεθα. Ἐγκαταλείπεταί τις καὶ εἰς ἄλλου δόξαν, οὐ δι' οἰκείας ἢ γονέων ἁμαρτίας ὡς ὁ ἐκ γενετῆς τυφλὸς εἰς δόξαν τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Πάλιν συγχωρεῖταί τις παθεῖν εἰς ἄλλου ζῆλον, ἵνα τῆς δόξης τοῦ παθόντος μεγαλυνθείσης ἄοκνον τὸ πάθος τοῖς ἄλλοις γένηται ἐλπίδι τῆς μελλούσης δόξης καὶ ἐπιθυμίᾳ τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν μαρτύρων. Παραχωρεῖταί τις καὶ εἰς αἰσχρὰν ἐμπεσεῖν πρᾶξιν ἐνίοτε εἰς διόρθωσιν ἑτέρου χείρονος πάθους, οἷον ἔστι τις ἐπαιρόμενος ἐπὶ ταῖς ἀρεταῖς καὶ τοῖς κατορθώμασιν αὐτοῦ, παραχωρεῖ τοῦτον ὁ θεὸς εἰς πορνείαν ἐμπεσεῖν, ὅπως διὰ τοῦ πτώματος εἰς συναίσθησιν τῆς οἰκείας ἀσθε νείας ἐλθὼν ταπεινωθῇ καὶ προσελθὼν ἐξομολογήσηται τῷ κυρίῳ. Χρὴ δὲ γινώσκειν, ὅτι ἡ μὲν αἵρεσις τῶν πρακτῶν ἐφ' ἡμῖν ἐστι, τὸ δὲ τέλος τῶν μὲν ἀγαθῶν τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ συνεργίας δικαίως συνεργοῦντος τοῖς προαιρουμένοις τὸ ἀγαθὸν ὀρθῷ τῷ συνειδότι κατὰ τὴν πρόγνωσιν αὐτοῦ, τῶν δὲ πονηρῶν τῆς ἐγκαταλείψεως τοῦ θεοῦ πάλιν κατὰ τὴν πρόγνωσιν αὐτοῦ δικαίως ἐγκαταλιμπάνοντος. Τῆς δὲ ἐγκαταλείψεώς εἰσιν εἴδη δύο· ἔστι γὰρ ἐγκατάλειψις οἰκονομικὴ καὶ παιδευτικὴ καὶ ἔστιν ἐγκατάλειψις τελεία ἀπογνωστική. Οἰκονομικὴ μὲν καὶ παιδευτικὴ ἡ πρὸς διόρθωσιν καὶ σωτηρίαν καὶ δόξαν τοῦ πάσχοντος γινομένη ἢ καὶ πρὸς ἄλλων ζῆλον καὶ μίμησιν ἢ καὶ πρὸς δόξαν θεοῦ· ἡ δὲ τελεία ἐγκατάλειψις, ὅτε τοῦ θεοῦ πάντα πρὸς σωτηρίαν πεποιηκότος ἀνεπαίσθητος καὶ ἀνιάτρευτος, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀνίατος ἐξ οἰκείας προθέσεως διαμείνῃ ὁ ἄνθρωπος· τότε παραδίδοται εἰς τελείαν ἀπώλειαν ὡς ὁ Ἰούδας. Φείσεται ἡμῶν ὁ θεὸς καὶ ἐξελεῖται τῆς τοιαύτης ἐγκαταλείψεως. Χρὴ δὲ εἰδέναι, ὡς πολλοί εἰσιν οἱ τρόποι τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ προνοίας καὶ μήτε λόγῳ ἑρμηνευθῆναι μήτε νῷ περιληφθῆναι δυνάμενοι. ∆εῖ γινώσκειν, ὡς πᾶσαι αἱ σκυθρωπαὶ ἐπιφοραὶ τοῖς μετ' εὐχαριστίας δεχομένοις πρὸς σωτηρίαν ἐπάγονται καὶ