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we have abhorred from the soul; for this is the true withdrawal from the world and the things in the world, to hate its things and to abhor them after fleeing the world.

(113) And what is the world and what are the things in the world? Listen! It is not gold, not silver, not horses, nor even mules; for all these things, which also serve us for the needs of the body, we also possess. Not meat, not bread, not wine; for we also partake of these and eat sufficiently. Not houses, not baths, not fields or vineyards and suburbs; for the lauras and the monasteries are composed of such things. But what is the world? It is sin and the relationship to things, brothers, and the passions. And as for the things in the world, let John the Theologian speak, the beloved disciple of Christ: "For do not love," he says, "the world or the things in the world; because all that is in the world, the desire of the flesh and the desire of the eyes and the pride of life, is not from the Father, but is from the world." If then we, having left the whole world and fled and become naked, have not guarded against these things, what profit could there be for us from the withdrawal alone? For wherever we go out and wherever we arrive, we will find the same things again; for everywhere we men are not able to live alone, everywhere we need provisions for the sustenance of the body, everywhere there are women and children and wine and every kind of fruit; for from these and such things is the sustenance of our life. If we have the desire of the flesh and the desire of the eyes and the pride of our thoughts, how will we be able, in the midst of them, to abstain from sin altogether and not be struck at all by its sting? Which many of the saints of old and of now, I know well, have guarded against (114) and are guarding, living in the midst of the affairs and cares and anxieties of life and completing their life in perfect holiness, as Paul testifies concerning these and such men, saying: "For the form of this world is passing away, so that those who have wives should be as though they had none, and those who buy as though they did not possess, and those who use the world as not using it to the full." It is possible, therefore, to learn the remaining things from these; for instance, for one who is angered not to be wrathful, for one who justifies himself not to attach himself at all in his heart to the things spoken, for one who avenges himself to be as dead to the world in the disposition of his soul, for one who has once become such to seek and be eager not even to spare his own body. For such men have both existed and in every generation those who struggle become such.

But if we do not strive to become such and so complete our life, what shall we say? that "We have despised glory and wealth?" But he will certainly say to us that: "You have not left behind envy and strife and jealousy." And that these things alienate us and separate us from God, says the divine James, the apostle of Christ: "But if you have bitter jealousy—for it is possible to be jealous for a good cause!—and selfish ambition in your hearts, do not boast and lie against the truth. This is not the wisdom that comes down from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic. For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there will be disorder and every vile practice," and a little later: "You ask and do not receive, because you ask wrongly, to spend it on your passions," and he adds: "Adulterers and adulteresses, (115) do you not know that friendship with the world is enmity with God? Therefore whoever wishes to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God." But consider that he did not only say: "The world is an enemy of God," but also the friendship with the world; for through it we become adulterers and adulteresses. And that this is true, hear the Lord Himself saying: "Everyone who looks in order to desire has already committed adultery in his heart " and again: "You shall not covet anything of your neighbor's." And He shows us through these words, that not the one who does the

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ἐβδελυξάμεθα ἀπό ψυχῆς· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἡ ἀληθής τοῦ κόσμου καί τῶν ἐν κόσμῳ ἀναχώρησις, τό μετά τό φυγεῖν τόν κόσμον μισῆσαι τά αὐτοῦ καί βδελύξασθαι.

(113) Τί δέ ὁ κόσμος καί τί τά ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ εἰσίν; Ἄκουσον! Οὐ χρυσίον ἐστίν, οὐκ ἄργυρος, οὐχ ἵπποι, ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ ἡμίονοι· ταῦτα γάρ πάντα, ὅσα καί ἡμῖν λειτουργοῦσιν εἰς χρείαν τοῦ σώματος, καί ἡμεῖς κεκτήμεθα. Οὐ κρέας, οὐκ ἄρτος, οὐκ οἶνος· μεταλαμβάνομεν γάρ καί ἡμεῖς ἐκ τούτων καί ἐσθίομεν αὐτάρκως. Οὐκ οἶκοι, οὐ λουτρά, οὐ χωρία ἤ ἀμπελῶνες καί προάστεια· αἱ λαῦραι γάρ καί τά μοναστήρια ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων συνίστανται. Ἀλλά τίς ὁ κόσμος; Ἡ ἁμαρτία καί ἡ πρός τά πράγματα σχέσις ἐστίν, ἀδελφοί, καί τά πάθη. Τά δέ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ Ἰωάννης ὁ Θεολόγος εἰπάτω, ὁ ἠγαπημένος τοῦ Χριστοῦ μαθητής· "Μή ἀγαπᾶτε γάρ, φησί, τόν κόσμον μηδέ τά ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ· ὅτι πᾶν τό ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῆς σαρκός καί ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν καί ἡ ἀλαζονεία τοῦ βίου, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου ἐστίν". Εἰ οὖν ἡμεῖς τόν κόσμον ὅλον καταλιπόντες καί ἀποφυγόντες καί γεγονότες γυμνοί, ταῦτα οὐκ ἐφυλαξάμεθα, τί ἡμῖν τό ὄφελος ἐκ μόνης τῆς ἀναχωρήσεως γένοιτ᾿ ἄν; Καί γάρ ὅθεν ἄν ἐξέλθωμεν καί ἐν οἷς ἄν καταντήσωμεν, τά αὐτά πράγματα πάλιν εὑρήσομεν· πανταχοῦ γάρ ἄνθρωποι μόνοι ζῆν οὐ δυνάμεθα, πανταχοῦ τά πρός τήν σύστασιν τοῦ σώματος χρήζομεν ἐπιτήδεια, πανταχοῦ καί γυναῖκες καί παῖδες καί οἶνος καί παντοίων ἐστίν εἶδος καρπῶν· ἐκ τούτων γάρ καί τῶν τοιούτων ἐστίν ἡ τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν σύστασις. Ἐάν τήν ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχωμεν τῆς σαρκός καί τήν ἐπιθυμίαν τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν καί τήν ἀλαζονείαν τῶν λογισμῶν, πῶς δυνησόμεθα ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν τῆς καθόλου ἁμαρτίας ἀποσχέσθαι καί μηδόλως τῷ ταύτης κέντρῳ πληγῆναι; Ὅπερ πολλοί τῶν πάλαι καί τῶν νῦν ἁγίων, εὖ οἶδα, ἐφυλάξαντο (114) καί φυλάττουσι, μέσον τῶν τοῦ βίου πραγμάτων καί φροντίδων καί μεριμνῶν διατρίβοντες καί ἐν ἁγιότητι τελείᾳ τόν βίον αὐτῶν διανύοντες, καθώς ὁ Παῦλος μαρτυρεῖ περί τούτων καί τῶν τοιούτων λέγων· "Παράγει γάρ τό σχῆμα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, ἵνα καί οἱ ἔχοντες γυναῖκας ὡς μή ἔχοντες ὦσι καί οἱ ἀγοράζοντες ὡς μή κατέχοντες καί οἱ χρώμενοι τῷ κόσμῳ ὡς μή καταχρώμενοι". Ἔξεστιν οὖν καί τά λοιπά ἐξ τούτων καταμαθεῖν· οἷον, τόν θυμούμενον μή ὀργίζεσθαι, τόν δικαιολογούμενον μηδόλως τῇ καρδίᾳ τοῖς λαλουμένοις προστίθεσθαι, τόν ἑαυτόν ἐκδικοῦντα ὡς νεκρόν εἶναι τῷ κόσμῳ τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς διαθέσει, τόν ἅπαξ τοιοῦτον γενόμενον ζητεῖν τε καί προθυμεῖσθαι μηδέ τοῦ ἰδίου φείδεσθαι σώματος. Τοιοῦτοι γάρ καί ἐγένοντο καί καθ᾿ ἑκάστην γενεάν οἱ ἀγωνιζόμενοι γίνονται.

Εἰ δέ μή τοιοῦτοι γενέσθαι σπουδάσομεν καί οὕτω τόν βίον ἡμῶν ἀνύομεν, τί ἐροῦμεν; ὅτι "∆όξης καί πλούτου κατεφρονήσαμεν;" Ἀλλά πάντως ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν ὅτι· "Φθόνον καί ἔριν καί ζῆλον οὐ κατελείψατε". Ὅτι δέ ταῦτα ἀλλοτριοῦσιν ἡμᾶς καί χωρίζουσιν ἀπό τοῦ Θεοῦ, λέγει ὁ θεῖος Ἰάκωβος, ὁ ἀπόστολος τοῦ Χριστοῦ· "Εἰ δέ ζῆλον πικρόν ἔχετε ἔστι γάρ καί ἐπί καλῷ καί ζηλῶσαί τινα! - καί ἐριθείαν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾶ ὑμῶν, μή κατακαυχᾶσθε καί ψεύδεσθε κατά τῆς ἀληθείας, οὐκ ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ σοφία ἄνωθεν κατερχομένη, ἀλλά ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης· ὅπου γάρ ζῆλος καί ἐρίθεια, ἐκεῖ καί ἀκαταστασία καί πᾶν φαῦλον πρᾶγμα", καί μετ᾿ ὀλίγα· "Αἰτεῖτε καί οὐ λαμβάνετε, διότι κακῶς αἰτεῖσθε, ἵνα ἐν ταῖς ἡδοναῖς ὑμῶν δαπανήσετε", καί ἐπιφέρει· "Μοιχοί καί μοιχαλίδες, (115) οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου ἔχθρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν; ὅς ἄν οὖν βουληθῇ φίλος εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου, ἐχθρός τοῦ Θεοῦ καθίσταται". Σκόπει δέ ὅτι οὐκ εἶπε μόνον· "Ὁ κόσμος ἐχθρός ἐστι τοῦ Θεοῦ", ἀλλά καί ἡ πρός τόν κόσμον φιλία· δι᾿ αὐτῆς γάρ μοιχοί καί μοιχαλίδες γινόμεθα. Καί ὅτι ἀληθές ἐστι τοῦτο, ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου λέγοντος· "Πᾶς ὁ ἐμβλέψας πρός τό ἐπιθυμῆσαι ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ " καί πάλιν· "Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τι τοῦ πλησίον σου". ∆είκνυσι δέ διά τούτων ἡμῖν τῶν ῥημάτων, ὅτι οὐχ ὁ ποιῶν τήν